Educ 230 culture ppt finished

Hispanic, Latinas, Latinos:

Spanish Speakers

By: Cassandra DeCusatis

Hispanic Culture Group

• There are many people around the world who come from Spanish speaking cultures

• Many Spanish speakers are born right in the U.S.• Other Spanish speakers are from:

– South America– Central America– The Dominican Republic– Cuba– Spain– Mexico

Many countries make up one giant culturalgroup!

Government• Most Spanish speaking countries have Republic

governments.• Cuba has a Marxist government.• Puerto Rico is a commonwealth under the U.S.

Republic Democracy Parlimentary Monarchy

• Dominican Republic

• Mexico

Most of:• South America• Central America

• U.S. • Spain

Economy

• With so many countries making up the Hispanic culture group, I have chosen to list the major industries that each country is built upon.

– Textiles & Apparel

– Food / Beverage– Metals / Metal

manufactures – Chemicals– Ship building– Automobiles – Machine tools– Clay & refractory

products

– Tourism– Pharmaceuticals– Medical

equipment

Spain

Cuba

• Sugar• Petroleum• Tobacco• Construction• Nickel• Steel

• Cement• Agricultural

machinery• pharmaceuticals

South America

• Agriculture• Fishing• Natural resources• handcrafts

• Trade is a large part of the economy in South America

Central America

• Coffee• Bananas

Dominican Republic

• Tourism• Sugar processing• Ferronickel• Gold mining

• Textiles• Cement• Tobacco

Mexico

• Food / beverages• Tobacco• Chemicals• Iron• Steel• Petroleum• Mining• textiles

• Clothing• Motor vehicles• Consumer

durables• tourism

Puerto Rico

• Pharmaceuticals • Electronics• Apparel• Food products• Tourism

History

• There are many major events that have occurred in Hispanic/Latin American History

• On the next slide is a timeline of the Top

Ten major events in Latin American History

Timeline of major events

History

1493

-149

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eaty

of

Tord

esill

as

1519-1

533

Con

ques

t of

Inca

and

Azt

ec E

mpi

res

1806-1

898

Inde

pend

ence

fro

m

Spai

n &

Por

tuga

l

1846

-184

8 M

exic

an-

Am

eric

an W

ar

1864-1

870

War

of th

e Tr

iple

Alli

ance

1879-1

884

War

of th

e Pa

cific

1881-1

893/

1904-1

914

Con

stru

ctio

n of

Pana

ma

Can

al

1911-1

920

Mex

ican

Rev

olut

ion

1953-1

959

Cub

an

Rev

olut

ion

1975

-198

3O

pera

tion

Con

dor

History

Treaty of Tordesillas

• The America’s legally belonged to Portugal when they were discovered by Columbus. The papul bull said that any and all undiscovered lands west of a certain longitude belonged to Portugal. Pope Alexander VI had to resolve who had ownership of the New World. He realigned the longitude line which gave the New World to Spain. Portugal was unhappy and pushed the topic until they made a treaty with Spain that realigned the longitude line again, thus giving Portugal modern day Brazil.

Conquest of Aztec and Inca Empires

• Spain decided to pacify and colonize the New World by conquering the Aztec & Inca Empires. Conquistadores under the control of Hernàn Cortes and Francisco Pizzaro defeated the empires and led the way for centuries of Spanish rule in the New World.

History cont’dIndependence from Spain and Portugal

• Latin America declared independence from Spain in1810 after the Napoleonic invasion.

• In 1825 Mexico, Central America and South America were free.

• Spanish rule in America ended in 1898 in the Spanish-American War

The Mexican American War

• Mexico went to war with the United States who invaded Mexico on 2 fronts, and captured Mexico City in May 1848. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo gave California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Wyoming and parts of Colorado to the U.S.

History cont’dThe War of the Triple Alliance

• The most devastating war of South America pitted Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay against Paraguay.

• Initially, Uruguay was attacked by Brazil and Argentina, with Paraguay coming to their aid.

• When a new president took over in Uruguay, they switched sides and attach Paraguay.

• Paraguay was left in ruins with hundreds of thousands dead.

The War of the Pacific

• Chile and Bolivia went to war in 1879.

• Peru was brought into it due to their alliance with Bolivia.

• Chile was victorious in many battles and captured Lima in 1881.

• Bolivia signed a truce in 1884.

History cont’dThe construction of the Panama Canal

• A remarkable engineering feat that drastically changed worldwide shipping.

• Panama seceded from Columbia during this time.

The Mexican Revolution

• Peasants fought against the wealthy in a bloody war that ended in 1920 when Alvaro Obregón became the last general standing.

• Fighting continued for another decade.

• Land reform took place after the war and the Institutional Revolutionary Party (the political party that came from the rebellion) stayed in power until the 1990s.

History cont’d

The Cuban Revolution

• In 1953, Fidel Castro and his followers attacked the barracks at Moncada.

• The rebellion grew due to the promise of economic equality & President Fulgencio Batista fled the country.

• Castro was victorious and he established a communist regime which had close ties with the Soviet Union.

Operation Condor

• A collaborative effort to round up and kill all the enemies of the governments in the southern cone of South America.

• By the time it ended, thousands were dead or missing and South American’s could no longer trust their leaders.

• There are still many questions about who was behind the operation.

Education

• Hispanic cultures have a more authoritative school system and all students wear uniforms.

• Classes are often split up based on gender.• Students are expected to conform to the

teacher and it is their own fault if they fail, not the teachers

• Often classes are set up so that students are able to work in partners or small groups.– In accordance with cultural learning styles,

Hispanic students often work together to help each other with their academics.

Education cont’d

• Students may lower their eyes to an authority figure / elder.

• Physical proximity during conversations between Hispanic people differs from that in the US. People usually stand about 18inches apart in Hispanic cultures when speaking (much closer than the U.S.)

• The teachers is the main authority figure, should be treated with respect, and is expected to provide for all of the students’ academic needs.– Parent involvement is not expected.– Schools wont have guidance counselors, special

education teachers or a PTA

Immigration

• Between 1850 and 1880, it is estimated that roughly 55,000 Mexican immigrants came to Southwest United States looking for better economic opportunities

• Mexican immigrants worked on the American railway system in the 19th century

• Legal and illegal Mexican immigrants comprise the largest foreign group living in the United States.

• U.S. Border Patrol was created in 1924 to limit the amount of illegal immigrants coming to the U.S. from Mexico.

• According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2009 46.9% of the 38.5 million foreign born immigrants were of Hispanic descent.

Traditions and Customs

• As a teacher there are several Hispanic customs and traditions I would want to be aware of when working with my students– Quinceañera:

• A formal celebration of a Hispanic girls 15th birthday, signifying her entrance into womanhood

– Los Tres Reyes• A tradition where students write letters to the Three

Kings at Christmas time rather than Santa – if they are good they will receive gifts on Jan. 6th.

– El Ratón Pérez• When children loose teeth, a little mouse delivers

gifts or money in exchange for the teeth – this is like the tooth fairy in the U.S.

IDENTIFIED VALUES AND STYLES OF HISPANIC STUDENTS

Hispanic Culture

Cultural Values

• Despite Spanish speakers coming from many different places, these individuals hold many of the same values– Respecto or having respect for expected gender

roles– Importance of family – Interdependence of family (including godparents)– Religion/spirituality– Love– Importance of children– Formalities of etiquette– Hope/faith in a better future

Cultural Communication Styles

• Spanish speakers are more formal when communicating – they are sure to use titles when speaking to a person.

• Respect is extremely important.• Spanish speakers often show affection through

touching (hugs, kisses, etc.) • As previously mentioned, Spanish speakers

converse at a closer distance of about 18in. and students often lower their eyes when speaking with adults, especially if they are being reprimanded.

Learning Styles• Hispanic students cooperatively learn – they

learn by working together, helping each other (it is common for them to help each other on tests).

• Hispanic students are better at achieving short term goals due to their focus on the present and not the future like Anglo students.

• These students often prefer one-on-one interactions with the teacher (even when it comes to passing out papers).

• Information presented in class should be talked about as a general topic and not in such a detailed way. And the information should be humanized by using humor, drama or fantasy.

AFFECT OF DIFFERENT STYLES ON:ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT, THE LEARNING PROCESS AND LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

Hispanic Culture

Communication and Academics• Hispanic students are respectful and see the

teachers as the absolute authority figure, so students can be scared of speaking out in group (taking the lead over the teacher).

• These students also tend to be shy. Their shyness affects how they learn, especially in terms of language development. This is because the students may completely shut down when they are put on the spot, particularly when trying to communicate in English. – They can often see frustration on a teacher’s face

when they are struggling and this can also often lead to the student shutting down.

Cultural Values and Academics

• I would think that a Hispanic students ties with their religion / spirituality and family may affect the learning process by having frequent absences for religious holidays or traditions (such as Dia de los Muertos when Hispanic families celebrate the lives of those who have passed).

• Hispanic families see independence as a negative value – they believe in the family and not the individual, so competition is not often seen within the children. In the U.S. we are focused on individual achievement and many students thrive on competition. The Hispanic students may be overlooked in the classroom because they aren’t trying to stand out among their peers.

Learning Styles and Academics

• Cooperative learning is often used in Hispanic cultures, but the U.S. is very focused on individual learning and achievement. It is important to realize that these students were raised to learn together and help each other. Their desire to help each other may cause problems when it comes to the learning process simply because teacher may feel the students are copying each other or cheating.

• These students would probably thrive in classes where group projects and partnered assignments are used.

• These students are often peer-motivated.

Learning styles & Academics cont’d• In classrooms where daily assignments / projects are

given, these students will achieve very well ; however, when long term projects are used in class their academic performance may be low – this is because of the students focus on the present rather than the future.

• The learning process will be affected by how the teacher interacts with the students – if they are more personal with the students, interact one-on-one, and offer encouragement through a pat on the shoulder or a small hug then the students will learn well and have better academic achievement

• On the contrary, if the teacher is not very personal, puts the student on the spot and doesn’t work one-on-one with the student, their achievement will most likely suffer.

Conclusion

• In sum, the Hispanic culture encompasses a vast area and is comprised of many different subcultures.

• Hispanic people have many cultural tradition and customs, and they are very respectful and family oriented.

• Students achievement will suffer if teachers are not aware of the cultural differences of their students.

• Student’s learn best when allowed to work in groups and when the teacher interacts on a more individualized plain with students, while offering encouragement through a pat or hug!

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