EdTech

Is a pictorial device designed to assist teachers in the teaching of concepts and to serve as a practical guide to thinking of the uses of variety of visuals and audiovisuals in instruction.

VerbalSymbols

Video SymbolsRecording Radio

Still PicturesMotion Pictures

TelevisionExhibits

Field TripsDemonstrations

Dramatized ExperiencesContrived ExperiencesDirection Purposeful

Experiences

Abstract

Iconic

Enactive

It involves learning by doing, acting, imitating, and manipulating objects.

generally utilized by young children especially at the sensory motor stage.

3 Levels:- Direct Purposeful Experiences – first hand experiences; involving feelings and perceptions as the young person embarks on exploring the world. - Contrived Experiences – provides children the ability to overcome the limitations of direct, purposeful experiences and move increasingly towards abstract experiences.- Dramatized Experiences – assist us in experiencing certain events that we cannot possibly confront in reality.

Involves the use of images and pictures, is less time consuming than the Enactive Mode.

this mode allows student to develop thoughtful, critical and imaginative skills

Modes involve: Demonstrations Study trips Exhibits Televisions and motion pictures Still pictures, Realistic Drawings, Radios, and Recordings

almost synonymous with learning through the use of written and spoken word.

“A” represents the Analysis of learners“S” represents State the objective“S” represents Select the media and materials“U” represents Utilize the materials“R” represents the Require student’s performance“E” represents Evaluate the total process of teaching and learning

A Analyze Learners―

Teachers must know their students before selecting the media to achieve the objectives.

An analysis of learner characteristics can be a guide in the selection of instructional media/materials and methods.

Teachers may administer both formal and informal assessment to determine whether or not their students possess the prerequisite entry skills.

S State Objectives―

Objectives are important in planning for the previous reason that they help in the correct selection of media and methods.

Examples:

Knowledge The ability to recall information

Students will state Marcus Garvey’s date of birth.

Comprehension An understanding of something known.

Students will give the meaning of words and phrases in context

Application The transfer of learning and makes use of what is already known and understood in a novel situation.

Having learned the Principles of Display in class, students will mount a display in Social Studies to demonstrate these.

Analysis The whole is break down into its constituent parts in a manner that makes its organization clear

The student will give a summary of the story.

Synthesis At this level, separate elements are combined in to whole.

Students will use a theme, elements of a display, appropriate content and objectives to draft a plan for their exhibition.

evaluation This is the highest level where students are called upon to set values or make judgments.

Students will critique the performance of those acting in drama production.

Level Explanation Example

Receiving Student becomes aware and shows willingness to

attend to stimuli.

The student will listen attentively while the teacher

relates the story.

Responding Active involvement, participation and reaction to

instruction.

Students will dramatize the story of The Good

Samaritan.

Valuing Displaying interest and attitudes

The student will volunteer to go to the library to do a

research.

characterization The student will demonstrate that he has

internalized and will consistently display a

lifestyle consistent with these values.

The student will give up watching television and do

his assignments.

LEVELS EXPLANATION

Perception Sense organs are used to obtain cues.

Set Readiness to take a particular type of action.

Guided Response Concerned with the early stages in learning a complex skill.

Mechanism Learned response have now become habitual performance with confidence and proficiency.

Complex Overt Response Skillful performance or motor acts with complex movements

Adaptation Well developed skills and movements

Origination Creation of new movements

S ― Select Media and Materials

3 Options:• select available materials• modify existing materials• design new materials

U ― Utilize the Materials

*5 utilization procedures according to Heinrich et al. (1989)

1.Preview the materials.2.Practice the Presentation.3.Prepare the Environment.4.Prepare the Audience.5.Present the Material.

R ― Require Learner Performance

The teacher has already taught and now it is the time for the students to be given an opportunity to participate in the lesson.when students are actively participating in the learning process, learning is enhanced.

the use of reinforcement is highly recommended according to B.F. Skinner.

E ― Evaluate

Evaluation is the final component of ASSURE model.

The most frequently used is the pencil and paper test, but oral questions, drawing, dramatizing, simulation, are among varied activities that can be used.

What or Whom Do We Evaluate?

A teacher’s main interest lies in knowing whether the students learned the content taught.

Evaluation also involves the assessment of media and methods.

Two of the major reasons why a presentation fails are the students’ lack of interest in the media provided or the teacher’s performance was as lacking by the students.