CIP-ICT PSP-2011-5 ICT FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS EDISON_D6.2.1_EDISON_Training_Activities_Description_document_v1.0.doc 1/72 SEVENTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME THEME 1- ICT FOR A LOW CARBON ECONOMY AND SMART MOBILITY Project acronym: EDISON Project full title: Energy Distribution Infrastructure for Ssl Operative Networks Grant agreement no.: 297386 (CIP-ICT PSP-2011-5) Grant agreement for: CIP – Pilot Actions EDISON Training Activities Description Document Number of deliverable: D6.2.1 Date of preparation of the deliverable (latest version): 07/01/2015 Date of approval of the deliverable by the Commission: dd/mm/2015 Dissemination Level: PU European Commission – Information Society and Media Directorate – General
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CIP-ICT PSP-2011-5 ICT FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS
SEVENTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME THEME 1- ICT FOR A LOW CARBON ECONOMY AND SMART MOBILITY
Project acronym: EDISON Project full title: Energy Distribution Infrastructure for Ssl Operative Networks Grant agreement no.: 297386 (CIP-ICT PSP-2011-5) Grant agreement for: CIP – Pilot Actions
EDISON Training Activities Description Document Number of deliverable: D6.2.1 Date of preparation of the deliverable (latest version): 07/01/2015 Date of approval of the deliverable by the Commission: dd/mm/2015 Dissemination Level: PU
European Commission – Information Society and Media Directorate – General
CIP-ICT PSP-2011-5 ICT FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS
As summarised on the above mentioned website the latest evolutions in the context of ICT for
smart grids are being discussed:
“The evolution of today’s electricity grids into smart grids is a key element for the sustainable
economic, environmental and societal growth worldwide. The migration to smarter grids requires
the integration and exploitation of information and communication technologies. However, it is not
obvious which communication technologies will be integrated into electricity grids and in what way.
Communication systems need to be seen as part of a larger system of systems, including in
particular energy, control, and information processing systems to support two-way energy flows,
the automatic management of power outages, the integration of renewable energy sources and
allowing the consumers to play an active role in energy production and consumption. The overlap
of disciplines is part of the specific challenge and appeal of smart grid communications research
and development.”
Steffen Thielemans (VUB) presented the EDISON idea and the obtained ICT contribution in the
energy savings, together with project leader Dario Di Zenobio [RD-9]. Some suggestions from the
audience (e.g. on automatic configuration) are being taken into account.
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4 Conclusions
The training material available in relation to the EDISON project is devoted to several types of
audiences.
The stakeholders who just want to have a global idea on the implementation effort/cost and the
benefits in terms of energy usage can concentrate on the EDISON leaflets, flyers and the
interviews.
The stakeholders who want a deeper technical insight in the functioning of the solution can consult
the tutorials and the EDISON booklet. For a deeper study, they can consult the technical/scientific
papers published on the project.
Technicians who will be responsible for implementing EDISON at their premises must consult,
apart from the present training manual, the booklet together the above mentioned installation
guidelines dealing with electrical ICT and software installation.
The EDISON project team has linked with several initiatives on standardization from physical level
till application level. Obviously the training activity has been complementary to a full dissemination
the project idea and results. In any meeting further than just presenting the EDISON solution, on
the basis of results, documentation a strong exchange of information took place. Vigorously any
partner has supported the solution and has provided to interested audience all the general
technical information, by illustrating the advantages and benefits. On the basis of such an
experience and obviously the one matured in the pilots activity, it was possible to summarize in a
document the most important indications for implementing the EDISON solution and to highlight
the critical parts of the platform implementation.
This variagated activity has requested, apart from the mandatory involvement of the partners
managing the training task, the collaboration of all the other partners as well and mainly of the
Project Manager even not planned in the DoW.
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ANNEX – EDISON Booklet
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SEVENTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME THEME 1- ICT FOR A LOW CARBON ECONOMY AND SMART MOBILITY
Project acronym: EDISON Project full title: Energy Distribution Infrastructure for Ssl Operative Networks Grant agreement no.: 297386 (CIP-ICT PSP-2011-5) Grant agreement for: CIP – Pilot Actions
Guidelines Booklet
Date of preparation of the document (latest version): 09/10/2014
European Commission – Information Society and Media Directorate - General
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1 Introduction
The main goal of the document is to give evidence of any practical aspect handled in the
implementation of the EDISON solution in the Pilot actions realized in the context of the project, in
order to provide all the criteria and the guidelinesfor replicating the solution implementation in any
category of building, considering the different environmental constraints, planning alternatives,
lighting and energy requirements, which the building might present.
To this aim, after a brief overview about the main features of the basic components of the EDISON
platform in section 2, the section 3 describes the technical alternatives appropriate to the nature
and structural characteristics of the building of interest, also taking advantage from the experiences
gained in the case studies reported in section 5, referred to the most representative project Pilots.
Finally, in section 4 are gathered both regulatory and installing matters (prerequisites, cabling
details, configuration, etc.).
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2 Components
The goal of the EDISON project is to design and validate the proposed solution of energy efficiency
for public buildings, by integrating a DC energy distribution system with advanced ICT components
and systems in order to realize a Smart Energy Platform (SEP) which allows the reduction of
energy losses and consumptions.
The wired infrastructure resulting from the implementation of the EDISON platform constitutes a
sort of widespread integrated power line/digital network, indicated as “PowerLAN” in the rest of the
present document. In particular, the functionality of this smart network, and related data, is
managed by an intelligent monitoring and controlling system, integrated in specific electric panels,
named Central Power Control (CPC), which are connected to the LED luminaires through
Remote Stations (RSs), located into standardlight Switch Boxes (SBs).
2.1 Basic elements
The basic elements of the EDISON platform are, as above mentioned, the CPC and the RS.
The CPC feeds all the lighting sections linked to it, ensuring the correct provision of the illumination
service in the areas of interest, and manages all the actuators and ICT components which are
included in the lighting infrastructures, by means of an opportunely dimensioned number of
Remote Stations (RS). In their turn, the RSs are in charge of switching on/off the corresponding
lamps enclosed in the lighting section they control, on the basis of the information gathered about
the status of the sensors (light and presence) operating in the same lighting section.
These operations are made possible by means of a low voltage DC pair of wires (Line + Neutral),
48 VDC, used for feeding the LED lamps, in addition to another pair of wires, the AC third wire
(Earth) of the existing lighting infrastructure coupled with the common Neutral wire, used as
“DATA” wires in the PowerLAN (see Figure 1).
The collected data are, consequently, transmitted via wired (where necessary wireless as well) link
from the CPC to a Supervision Centre, using PowerLine modems (PLC) or Wi-Fi devices, with the
goal to allow the monitoring and recording of all the information related to the lighting network
status.
Both the CPC and RS elements will be briefly described in the following subsections, providing
details on their way of exchanging data.
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Figure 1: General architecture of the EDISON platform
2.1.1 ELECTRICAL CABLE FEATURES
The PowerLAN can be implemented both in wireless and wired mode.
The first case can be adopted in presence of sensors and/or actuators that are not directly
connected to the PowerLAN for both data and power supply. In this situation the CPC
communicates with them via a wireless interface (WiFi), allowing to cover every hard-to-reach
corner of the building.
On the contrary, for the second case the wires requested to connect the EDISON components
should have the following requirements:
- 1.5 mm2 two wires (L+N) for feeding the lamps;
- 1.5 mm2 two wires (N+E) for managing the data transmission.
The tripolar cable size is the one currently adopted in the lighting infrastructure of a building and
are compliant with the requirement of sustaining a current load similar to the one resulting fromthe
traditional 220 VAC feedings. The
reduced power load requested by LED lamps with respect to the commonly used fluorescent
lamps, in fact, allows to have almost the same current load also in presence of a reduced voltage
feeding (from 220 VAC to 48 VDC).
Further specifications will be provided in section 4.2.
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Figure 2: Tripolar cable requested to connect the EDISON components
2.1.2 REMOTE STATION
The RS, in its more complete version, is a device able to control the status of the sensors
connected to it (up to a maximum of 4 units), and to switch on/off the lamps located in proximity of
them by means of a dedicated firmware which enables the reception of an appropriate command
from a supervision centre or, in alternative, enables an autonomous dimmering command on the
basis of the brightness degree of the corresponding lighting section.
Figure 3: RS block diagram
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It is integrated on a standard DIN box, and includes:
- a microcontroller board (e.g. Arduino) which could manage a single or multiple lighting
sections (up to a maximum of 4 units), piloting the LED dimmable drivers used to feed the
LED lamps with a constant current;
- an automatic/manual and on/off switch/relay for each lighting section to toggle from
Automatic to Manual (A/M) function mode, in order to avoid false or uncontrolled
commutation of the A/M switch.
The connections of the wires, the ones illustrated in the previous Figure 2, are indicated in the data
sheet included in any RS Box. In particular, all the connections towards:
LED Lamps (two wires: blue and brown)
Actuators and Sensors (blue and yellow/green)
are made via the existing electrical tripolar cable.
2.1.3 CENTRAL POWER CONTROL
This EDISON main component feeds directly each linked lighting section with DC voltage supply
and allows to the supervision centre to force the ON/OFF switching of the lamps, making possible
the information exchange with the corresponding RSs via the EDISON data communication link
(blue and yellow/green) implementing ModBus or LIN communication protocol. In the existing
Pilots ModBus protocol has been chosen.
Furthermore, when the lighting infrastructure is not directly powered by renewable energy sources,
also the AC/DC conversion is performed inside the CPC.
It can be ideally divided into three sections, which include, as indicated in Figure 4:
- Circuit breaker, in order to guarantee protection from damage caused by overload or short
circuit;
- AC/DC converters, dimensioned according to the total power requested by the controlled
lighting sections;
- Smart power meters, in order to record the power consumptions, making the measured data
available to the supervision centre;
- Ethernet switch, PLC module, or Wi-Fi devices, to allow the wired or wireless communication
with the RSs and/or the Supervision Centre;
- Microcontroller board (Raspberry PI, Arduino Ethernet), which allows the remote control of
multiple RS, by recording, and forwarding to the Supervision Centre, the information
received from the RSs.
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Figure 4: General CPC block diagram
2.1.4 SMART METERS
Smart Metering System is a basic block of the EDISON Smart Energy Platform (SEP), devoted to
the measurement of the energy consumptions of the lighting infrastructure of the building, also to
increase awareness among users of their behaviour in relation to the use of the lighting system.
In particular, the EDISON smart metering system combines automatic data storage with monitoring
and reporting features, in order to transmit collected data to a supervision centre, which can be
remotely managed and contributes to make these data available in graphic format with a
predetermined granularity (from hourly to yearly) for selected time periods.
For this reason, it is a software-driven system supporting an RS485 output (for communicate with a
remote PC) and implementing the MODBUS protocol which is a very popular application layer
messaging protocol for client/server communication used by metering systems and sensors.
In alternative, the smart meter can also be connected to a remote PC through a wireless
connection.
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3 Technical aspects
3.1 Architectural configurations
In order to be integrated with the existing lighting infrastructures of the building in which it can be
adopted, the EDISON solution has been designed to operate in three different configurations:
a) the first reference model addresses plants where the lighting infrastructure is separated from
the EMF infrastructure (as it is mandatory respecting the rules) and a single electrical
switchboard panel controls the overall electrical network (see Figure 5).
Figure 5: Electrical Network with a single electrical switchboard panel
This configuration consists of one CPC and one RS for each lighting section (where the
lighting section is the part of the lighting network controlled by a switch, and normally
included in a room), generally located at the Junction Box. The CPC includes a Smart
Metering System able to measure the power consumptions and making available the
measured data to the supervision centre. The RS includes a switch/relay to toggle from
Automatic to Manual (A/M) operation (see Figure 6).
Every single lighting section (including RS, sensors and LED lamps) is fed by the L and N
wires, while the data exchange is performed through the Earth and Neutral wires (DATA
cable).
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Figure 6: First architectural solution of the EDISON platform
b) The second one addresses plants where the separation of the lighting and EMF
infrastructures is not available at the main switchboard, but is performed locally. It means
that a master electrical switchboard panel controls local slave panels; this means that a
multihierarchical CPC architecture should be implemented for data exchange (see Figure
This configuration consists of a CPC-Master (Main Switchboard), a CPC-Slave for each
building section (group of rooms, floor, etc.) and a RS for each lighting section. The CPC-
Master is in charge of measuring the power consumptions, making available the measured
data to the supervision centre. In addition, it allows the wired communication between the
CPC-Slave and the supervision centre. No AC/DC conversion is performed at this level.
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The CPC-Slave feeds and manages several lighting sections by controlling the
corresponding RS units. It receives the general information of the lighting section, the
status of sensors, from the RS and communicates them to the supervision centre by means
of wired (X10 standard) or wireless ( WiFi standard) links.
The RS is in charge of turning on/off the lamps according to the sensors status. In addition
it elaborates, records and forwards the information received from sensors to the CPC-Slave
(see Figure 8).
Figure 8: Second architectural solution of the EDISON platform
c) The last reference model addresses plants where the lighting infrastructure operates with a
relay system (see Figure 9).
Figure 9: Electrical Network with a relay system
In this case, the RS is included in the CPC and the lamps of a lighting section are turned
on/off by means of a relay inside the CPC. In other words, the CPC manages the whole
lighting infrastructure by controlling a battery of relay switches (see Figure 10).
In each lighting section, sensors are feeded by the DC power supply provided by the CPC
(L+N wires) and their status is sent to the microcontroller through the corresponding DATA
wire (Earth wire).
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Figure 10: Third architectural solution of the EDISON platform
As a result of what above mentioned, it is evident that all the three described configurations have
the following common key features:
Line + Neutral wires are used for the 48VDC power supply;
Earth wire is used as data communication bus in the PowerLAN;
compliance with SELV systems.
3.2 Software tools
Although the EDISON idea is basically an hardware solution designed to directly contribute to
reduce energy losses and consumptions in public buildings, its effectiveness is strictly linked to the
functionalities of the software tools proposed in the project for allowing the control and managing of
the data exchange realized through the SEP, with the aim of giving evidence of the expected
results in terms of energy saving, efficiency, real-time operations, etc..
These software tools run on a specific supervision centre where all the data originated in the ICT
components and systems integrated in the electrical power supply infrastructure of the building are
collected, and are essentially of two types: an energy monitor software, specifically developed in
the context of the EDISON project, and an ICT software tool, which is based on a commercial
solution opportunely modified with the aim of making it interoperable with EDISON devices.
The first one is based on Java language, able to run on multiple environments (windows pc, mac,
Linux etc.), and is part of a system devoted to the measurement and data logging of energy
consumptions of the lighting elements of the building after EDISON implementation, making these
data available for accurately calculating energy savings derived from the use of the EDISON
platform.
From an architectural point of view, this energy monitoring system consists of the following parts
(see Figure 11):
• Energy Meter;
• RS485 to Ethernet Converter;
• Energy Meter Application;
• Database;
• Energy Monitor Software.
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Figure 11: Smart metering architecture in EDISON
In particular, the energy monitor software runs on a PC server with the role of managing all the
meters operating in the building, reading all available parameters, processing them and finally
storing the data on a local Database. The PC Server communicates with the meters through a
MODBUS protocol, by means of a TCP/IP interface.
Additionally, this software tool is responsible for processing and presenting to the user the data
gathered from the energy meters (both real time measurements and historical data), allowing
readings based on hourly, daily, weekly, monthly and yearly timeframe (see Figure 12 and Figure
13).
Figure 12: Energy consumption per day for one week
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Figure 13: Active power for phase 1 and 2 for time period of 24h
Data storage is made on a MySQL Database that can work with different metering systems as well
as different kind of sensors (temperature, presence, light intensity etc.). It consists of multiple
tables and has triggers for detecting changes in the CPC smart meters (addition of new meters, re-
configurations, etc.) which are used to update the metering application tool.
The second software tool adopted in the EDISON project, the ICT software tool selected for
monitoring the installed sensors and controlling the status of LED lamps, is OpenRemote, which
allows to visualize and control each component of the lighting section.
It is an open source tool configured via the Ready Access Portal (RAP) graphics capability, which provides the building manager to improve the building energy management. The whole lighting infrastructure of the building can be supervised and controlled through any pc or mobile device.
The software tool consists of:
The controller
The database
The graphical user interface
The database and the open remote controller run on a dedicated server located at the
Supervision Centre Office. The controller is responsible for :
Checking the status of each lighting section
Checking the status of the presence/motion sensors
Turning on /off the lamps in each section
In Figure 14 and Figure 15 are shown some screen shots of the software interfaces
developed for a specific EDISON Pilot.
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Figure 14: OpenRemote Home Screen
Figure 15: Main Screen of the Software for controlling the led lamps
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4 Installation aspects
The AC-DC power supply infrastructure, which feeds the LED lamps of a building to be compliant
to the one proposed in the EDISON solution, has to use (mandatory) a combination of:
- a centralized AC/DC converter to feed the LED drivers,
- a group of drivers (DC/CC) fed by the same converter, designed to feed the LED lamps with the
requested DC current (e.g. 500mA, 700mA, 1000mA, etc.).
The possibility to have the driver not inside the tube, but externally, represents a strong advantage
because it allows separating the more vulnerable to failure LED drivers from the more expensive
diodes inside the LED tube, as well as keeping the heat produced by the AC-DC converter far
away from the LED PCBs. So doing, the EDISON approach allows to implement a hybrid
distribution layer, where the low-voltage power supply network does not replace the AC one in a
building, but complements it, with the goal to efficiently aggregate or eliminate multiple AC to DC
conversions, thereby making devices simpler, safer and more flexible in use, and this operation
cannot be simply carried out in the old tube socket.
The user must do some re-wiring, and may need an electrician. An EDISON “Help Desk “, for
technical training and assistance, will be activated in the early 2015, and will be supported by
TSItalia and Sielte.
4.1 Prerequisites of the lighting infrastructure
One of the key aspect of the EDISON solution is represented by its capability to be implemented
both in energy retrofitting actions, replacing the existing lighting power supply infrastructure with “a
48 VDC Extra Low Voltage Lighting Power Distribution Network”, and in new buildings
construction, making the corresponding lighting infrastructure “native EDISON” compliant.
In this last case, obviously, the implementation of the EDISON platform results easier, being not
influenced by constraints due to the pre-existing infrastructure.
On the contrary, in the first case it should be taken into account a well defined set of prerequisites
which need to be considered in the designing phase of the EDISON platform for the specific
building, especially in presence of an historical building with more stringent constraints.
More in detail:
1- Separation between EMF and lighting system;
2- The lighting infrastructure is compliant with one of the 3 identified architectural models;
3- One junction box for a maximum of two rooms is required;
4- Earthing;
5- Wires dimensions.
4.2 Regulatory aspects: current regulations, electrical schemes and cabling reference models
Electrical cables are the elements devoted to the lighting system’s power supply. They are usually
made of copper and grouped in 3 or more wires: Phase/Line (brown), Neutral (blue) and Earth
(green-yellow).
Common cables have diameters of 2,5mm2 and 4mm2, which allow a maximum current of 16A and
20A respectively. Due to the cables resistance, in fact, a voltage drop is induced when there is
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current going through the cable and, consequently, a power dissipation. This voltage drop can play
an important role in case of high current and cable length, especially when a low starting voltage,
like 48V, is used.
Conductor Cross
Sectional Area in mm2 Material Application
1.5 mm2 Copper Lighting/fan circuit
2.5 mm2 Copper 13A socket outlet circuit
4.0 mm2 – 6.0 mm2 Copper
General Power Circuit
(example: water heater, cooker unit,
motor/pump)
16.0 mm2 / 25.0 mm2 Copper Main Circuit
Table 1: Minimum cross sectional areas of conductors based on their applications
Function Cable colour
Phase of Single Phase Circuit Red, Yellow or Blue
Red Phase of Three Phase
Circuit Red
Yellow Phase of Three Phase
Circuit Yellow
Blue Phase of Three Phase
Circuit Blue
Neutral of Circuit Black
Protection/Earthing Conductor Green or Green-Yellow
Table 2: Functions and colour identification of non flexible cables
N° of cores Function Cable colour
1, 2 or 3 Phase Conductor Brown
Neutral Conductor Blue
Protection
Conductor Green or Green-Yellow
4 or 5 Phase Conductor Brown or Black
Neutral Conductor Blue
Protection
Conductor Green or Green-Yellow
Table 3: Functions and colour identification of flexible cables
Flexible cables of cross sectional area less than 4.0 mm2 are used in installations for electrical
accessories such as ceiling roses, lamp fixtures or attachments, socket plugs for mobile
appliances, etc..
Flexible cables shall not be used for permanent wiring.
Flexible cables for the permanent use of electrical appliances should not exceed 3 meters in
length.
4.2.1 CENELEC REGULATIONS
As confirmed by the approval of the Belgian division of CENELEC, the European committee for
electrotechnical standardization, the third wire, labeled as earth, in a SELV (Safety Extra Low-
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voltage) environment may be used for different purposes than providing earthing, according to IEC
60364 standard.
In particular, it has been stated that is possible to use this wire in combination with the ground wire
for communication purposes, without interference on the communication channel that is originating
from switching devices like step-down converters, LED drivers, etc.
4.2.2 ELV SYSTEMS
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) defines a circuit as an “Extra Low Voltage”
(ELV) circuit if the electrical potential of any conductor against earth (GND) is not more than either
50 volts for AC, or ripple-free 120 volts for DC under dry conditions, in accordance with IEC 60449,
as reported in Table 4.
IEC voltage range AC DC Defining
Risk
High voltage (supply system) > 1000 Vrms > 1500 V electrical