Gyan GangaInstitute of Technology & ManagementKhajuri Khurd, Raisen Road, Bhopal (M.P)SCHEDULE OF INSTRUCTIONSYear : 2014
Sem : Even
1. Name of the Faculty: Avinash Gadkari2. Subject: Energy Conservation & Management Subject Code: EX-6053. Branch: Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Unit No: 1 General Energy Problem : Energy use patterns & scope for conservation.Energy audit : Energy monitoring ,Energy accounting & analysis , Audting & targeting.Energy Conservation Policy,Energy management & audit, Energy audit, Types of energy audit ,energy management (audit), Qualities & functions of Energy Manager,language of an energy manager, Questionnaire,Check list for top management,Loss of energy & material flow, Energy performance ,Maximizing system efficiency, Optimizing input energy requirement, Energy auding instruments , Material load energy balance diagram (As per RGPV Syllabus)
Sl.NoDateNo. of PeriodsTopics/Sub - TopicsObjectives & Outcome No.References(Text Book, JournalPage No. . To .
121-01-1401Introduction to general energy problems & need for energy conservation & management1[a ,b, c]R1
222-01-1401 Energy Reserves & consumption patterns1[a, b, c]R1
323-01-1401Energy monitoring,energy accounting & analysis1[a, b, c]R2
424-01-1401Energy audit ,types of energy audits & auditing activities. 1[a, b, c]R2
527-01-1401Energy auditing instruments & their application1[a, b, c]R3
628-01-1401Maximizing the system efficiency.1[a, b, c]R3
729-1-1401Plant energy performance index1[a, b, c]R3
830-01-1401Material & Energy balance1[a, b, c ]R3
931-01-1401Duties & responsibility of energy manager,Energy Policy Statement 1[a ,b, c ] R3
Reference Text Books/ URL :
R1 Energy Statistics 2013 by MOSPI [ www.mospi.gov.in]
R2 Energy management , utilization & audit by Dr Ugur Atikol
R3 Energy Conservation & Management by Dr Suresh Kumar Soni
COURSE MATERIAL FOR UNIT- I : ENERGY RESERVES &COSUMPTION PATTERNS :
Ripple Current, Ripple Voltage, 2) Boost Converter
Fig: Boost Converter
Fig: Equivalent Circuits Output voltage, Ripple Current, Ripple Voltage,
3) Buck-Boost Converter
Fig: Buck-Boost Converter
Fig: Equivalent Circuits
Output voltage, Ripple Current, Ripple Voltage,
4) Cuk Converter
Fig: Cuk Converter
Fig: Equivalent Circuits Output voltage,
Ripple Current,
Ripple Voltage,
5) Flyback Converter
Output Voltage, Average Value of Current,
6) Forward Converter
Output Voltage,
7) Push Pull Converter
Output Voltage, 8) Half Bridge Converter
9) Full Bridge Converter
Objective Questions:1) What function does the diode D1 of circuit in forward converter have? (a) rectifies secondary voltage (b) blocks back propagation of secondary voltage to transformer (c) both (i) and (ii) (d) protects diode D2 from excessive reverse voltage2) What kind of output rectifier and filter circuit is used in a fly back converter? (a) a four-diode bridge rectifier followed by a capacitor (b) a single diode followed by an inductor-capacitor filter (c) a single diode followed by a capacitor (d) will require a centre-tapped secondary winding followed by a full wave rectifier and a output filter capacitor.
3) A fly-back converter operates in discontinuous conduction mode with fixed ON duration of the switch in each switching cycle. Assuming input voltage and the resistive load at the output to remain constant, how will the output voltage change with change in switching frequency? (Assume discontinuous conduction throughout and neglect circuit losses.) (a) Output voltage varies directly with switching frequency. (b) Output voltage varies inversely with switching frequency. (c) Output voltage varies directly with square root of switching frequency. (d) Output voltage is independent of switching frequency. 4) A fly-back converter has primary to secondary turns ratio of 15:1. The input voltage is constant at 200 volts and the output voltage is maintained at 18 volts. What should be the snubber capacitor voltage under steady state? (a) More than 270 volts. (b) More than 200 volts but less than 270 volts. (c) Less than 18 volts. (d) Not related to input or output voltage. 5) A fly-back converter is to be designed to operate in just-continuous conduction mode when the input dc is at its minimum expected voltage of 200 volts and when the load draws maximum power. The load voltage is regulated at 16 volts. What should be the primary to secondary turns ratio of the transformer if the switch duty ratio is limited to 80%. Neglect ON-state voltage drop across switch and diodes. (a) 20 :1 (b) 30:1 (c) 25:2 (d) 50:1 Answer (1-b) (2-c), (3-c), (4-a), (5-d)Subjective Questions:1) Analyze the operation of buck, boost and buck-boost converters in continuous conduction mode.2) What is the difference between the isolated and non- isolated converters? Derive all the relevant equations of forward converter and flyback converters.3) Describe the averaged model of buck converter with proper derivation.4) Discuss the state space model of the switch mode converters with relevant equations.5) The following circuit shown in Fig. is a zener regulator. The zener employed has a nominal voltage drop of 15V and a dynamic resistance of 15 m. The minimum current required for the zener to operate in its constant voltage characteristics is 20 mA. The source voltage varies in the range of 25 to 35 V. The Series resistance is 50.
a) Evaluate the range of load resistance for which the output voltage will be regulated.b) Evaluate the maximum power dissipation in Rs and Vz.Assignment:1) If the turns ratio of the primary and tertiary windings of the forward transformer are in the ratio of 1:2, what is the maximum duty ratio at which the converter can be operated? Corresponding to this duty ratio, what should be the minimum ratio of secondary to primary turns if the input dc supply is 400 volts and the required output voltage is 15 volts? Neglect switch and diode conduction voltage drops.2) Find maximum voltage stress of the switch in the primary winding and diode in the tertiary winding if the converter-transformer has 10 primary turns and 15 tertiary turns and the maximum input dc voltage is 300 volts.3) Calculate the filter inductor and capacitor values for the forward converter described below: Maximum duty ratio = 0.5, Input dc remains constant at 200 volts, output dc (under steady state) = 10 volts 0.1 volt, primary to secondary turns = 10:1. The load current is expected to vary between 0.5 and 5 amps. Assume just continuous conduction of inductor current at 0.5 amp load current. Take switching frequency = 100 kHz.
