3.3 Network Cabling Preparation
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3.3 Network Cabling Preparation
Network Cabling
• Cable is the medium through which information usually moves from one network device to another.
• There are several types of cable which are commonly used with LANs.
• The type of cable chosen for a network is related to the network's topology, protocol, and size.
• Understanding the characteristics of different types of cable and how they relate to other aspects of a network is necessary for the development of a successful network.
Network Cabling
Some Tips:-• A straight-thru cable has identical ends.• A crossover cable has different ends.• A straight-thru is used as a patch cord in Ethernet
connections.• A crossover is used to connect two Ethernet devices
without a hub or for connecting two hubs.• A crossover has one end with the Orange set of wires
switched with the Green set.• Looking at the RJ-45 with the clip facing away from you,
Brown is always on the right, and pin 1 is on the left.
continued…….
Straight-through UTP cable
• The ANSI/TIA/EIA (American National Standards Institute/ Telecommunication Industry Association /Electronic Industry Association) 568-A standard which was ratified in 1995, was replaced by the TIA/EIA 568-B standard in 2002 and has been updated since.
• Both standards define the T-568A and T-568B pin-outs for using Unshielded Twisted Pair cable and RJ-45 connectors for Ethernet connectivity
Straight-through UTP cableFigure Illustration of TIA/EIA 568-A
Type A + Type A
HP, H, OP, B, BP, O, CP, C
Straight-through UTP cableFigure Illustration of TIA/EIA 568-B
Type B + Type B
OP, O, HP, B, BP, H, CP, C
Cross-over UTP cable
• If you require a cable to connect two Ethernet devices directly together without a hub or when you connect two hubs together, you will need to use a Crossover cable instead
Cross-over UTP cableFigure Illustration of TIA/EIA 568-B
Type A + Type B
Patch panels and Wall Jacks• A patch panel is a panel designed for the
management of cable connections. • On the front side of a patch panel there are jacks
designed to receive short patch cables, while on the back of the panel there are either jacks or punch down blocks that receive the connections of longer and more permanent cables.
Figure : Sample of Patch panels
Patch panels and Wall Jacks
• Wall Jacks will be installed on the wall near the computer to be networked as a mediator between the computer and hub / switch.
Figure : Sample of Wall Jacks
Cable Tester• A cable tester is an electronic device used to
verify the electrical connections in a cable or other wired assembly.
• It is used to verify that all of the intended connections exist and that there are no unintended connections in the cable being tested.
Figure : Sample of Cable Tester
Fiber optic cable with terminatorFigure : Types Of Optical Connectors.
Prepare Fiber Optic Cords to the switch
• A fiber optic switch is an incredibly fast, advanced technological device that enables you to get information from the internet to your computer faster than ever before.
• Tools and Materials Needed:– Fiber optic switch– Fiber optic internet connection – UTP 5 fiber optic cable– RJ45 terminal– Fiber optic switch– Computer
Prepare Fiber Optic Cords to the switch
• Step 1 : Set up a Fiber Optic Internet Connection
• Step 2 : Purchase a Cable and Terminal• Step 3 : Connect the Cable to the Fiber
Optic Switch• Step 4 : Configure the Switch
1 : Set up a Fiber Optic Internet Connection
• Before you can even think about installing the fiber optic switch, you have to get the right kind of internet connected to your home first.
• Contact your internet service provider to see about the possibilities of getting fiber optic service in your home (or business).
• You may need to shop around in order to get the best deal in terms of price and in terms of how quickly the internet can get set up for you.
2 : Purchase a Cable and Terminal• Once you have the proper internet set up, you’ll need to get the
switch, a special cable and terminal (the plastic end on the cable that you insert into the switch, like a phone jack).
• Your internet provider may send you a fiber optic switch as part of the internet package, but just as often, you’ll need to buy one yourself.
• Furthermore, in order to install the fiber optic switch, you’ll need a UTP 5 or 5e cable, which is the minimum category to get the correct speed of transmission of data.
• The cable is usually sold in lengths of 500 feet, but you shouldn’t use more than 300 feet to connect the switch to your computer.
• You also need to buy an RJ45 terminal
3 : Connect the Cable to the Fiber Optic Switch
• Wire the cable into the fiber optic switch according to manufacturer’s directions.
• At this time, you’ll connect the switch to the distributed internet and the local area network.
• If your switch has wireless capacity, it will begin to broadcast wireless to your computer; otherwise, use the network cable to connect the switch to the computer.
4 : Configure the Switch
• Log on your computer and set up the switch with the username and password that the internet provider sent to you.
• Then, set the computer up to use the switch to browse the web.
Test connectivity between fiber optic and switch
• Fiber optic testing includes three basic tests that we will cover separately but the main focusing on Loss testing.
Figure : Sample of Fiber Optic Tester
Test connectivity between fiber optic and switch
1. Testing Loss – There are two methods that are used to measure
loss, which we call "single-ended loss" and "double-ended loss".
– Single-ended loss uses only the launch cable, while double-ended loss uses a receive cable attached to the meter also.
Test connectivity between fiber optic and switch
2. Single-ended loss – Single-ended loss is measured by mating the cable you want
to test to the reference launch cable and measuring the power out the far end with the meter.
– The loss of the connector mated to the launch cable and 2. The loss of any fiber, splices or other connectors in the cable you are testing.
– This method is described in FOTP-171 and is shown in the drawing. Reverse the cable to test the connector on the other end.
Figure : Illustration of Testing Concepts
Test connectivity between fiber optic and switch
3. Double-ended loss – In a double-ended loss test, you attach the cable to test
between two reference cables, one attached to the source and one to the meter.
– This way, you measure two connectors' loses, one on each end, plus the loss of all the cable or cables in between.
– This is the method specified in OFSTP-14, the test for loss in an installed cable plant.
Figure : Illustration The Result of Testing Concepts
What Loss Should You Get When Testing Cables?• While it is difficult to generalize, here are some guidelines:
1. For each connector, figure 0.5 dB loss (0.7 max)2. For each splice, figure 0.2 dB3. For multimode fiber, the loss is about 3 dB per km for 850 nm
sources, 1 dB per km for 1300 nm. This roughly translates into a loss of 0.1 dB per 100 feet for 850 nm, 0.1 dB per 300 feet for 1300 nm.
4. For single mode fiber, the loss is about 0.5 dB per km for 1300 nm sources, 0.4 dB per km for 1550 nm.
This roughly translates into a loss of 0.1 dB per 600 feet for 1300 nm, 0.1 dB per 750 feet for 1300 nm. So for the loss of a cable plant, calculate the approximate loss as:
(0.5 dB X # connectors) + (0.2 dB x # splices) + fiber loss on the total length of cable
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