DSS for Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) DSS Implementation DSS Implementation DDr. Kurt Fedra ESS GmbH, Austria [email protected] http://www.ess.co.at Environmental Software & Services A-2352
Dec 31, 2015
DSS for Integrated Water Resources
Management (IWRM)
DSS for Integrated Water Resources
Management (IWRM)
DSS ImplementationDSS ImplementationDSS ImplementationDSS Implementation
DDr. Kurt Fedra ESS GmbH, [email protected] http://www.ess.co.atEnvironmental Software & Services A-2352 Gumpoldskirchen
DDr. Kurt Fedra ESS GmbH, [email protected] http://www.ess.co.atEnvironmental Software & Services A-2352 Gumpoldskirchen
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What is a DSS ?What is a DSS ?
aa computer based computer based problem solving systemproblem solving system
– Hardware, Hardware, computing and communicationcomputing and communication
– Software, Software, DB/GIS, models, DSS properDB/GIS, models, DSS proper
– DataData, information, knowledge, information, knowledge
– PeoplePeople, institutions, institutions
that can that can assistassist non-trivial non-trivial choicechoice between between
alternativesalternatives in complex and controversial domains. in complex and controversial domains.
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Murphy’s Law No. …59 ?.Murphy’s Law No. …59 ?.
The development of any software The development of any software
systems takes (much) longer systems takes (much) longer
than expected, even if this rule than expected, even if this rule
is taken into accountis taken into account
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Hardware requirementsHardware requirements
HW Changing very rapidly, not a real constraint, HW Changing very rapidly, not a real constraint,
affordable standard PC/workstation/server powerful affordable standard PC/workstation/server powerful
enough, most important: local technical support enough, most important: local technical support (global DHL delivery ?)(global DHL delivery ?)
Infrastructure:Infrastructure:
• Clean, climate controlled roomsClean, climate controlled rooms
• Stable power supply (UPS)Stable power supply (UPS)
• Internet connection (bandwidth, reliability)Internet connection (bandwidth, reliability)
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Architecture:Architecture:Distributed redundant architecture:Distributed redundant architecture:• Local control, needs more local resources, difficult to Local control, needs more local resources, difficult to
maintain, update, synchronize (will drift apart), more difficult maintain, update, synchronize (will drift apart), more difficult
to exchange/shared data and address common (regional) to exchange/shared data and address common (regional)
issuesissues
NetworkedNetworked (centralized server, distributed clients): (centralized server, distributed clients):
• shared resources: server/cluster, RDBMS, backup, data, shared resources: server/cluster, RDBMS, backup, data,
tools, easy to maintain and update, synchronize, but more tools, easy to maintain and update, synchronize, but more
limited local controllimited local control
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DSS and model softwareDSS and model softwareOpen SourceOpen Source Operating System (Linux), Ubuntu Operating System (Linux), Ubuntu
Application software:Application software:
• Do it yourself:Do it yourself: cheap, flexible, unreliable, inefficient, cheap, flexible, unreliable, inefficient,
heterogeneous, difficult to manage/controlheterogeneous, difficult to manage/control
• Commercial:Commercial: expensive (long term support), but expensive (long term support), but
reliable and efficient if maintained (costs)reliable and efficient if maintained (costs)
• Combined:Combined: commercial stable core with open commercial stable core with open
interfaces to integrate custom made componentsinterfaces to integrate custom made components
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DSS and model softwareDSS and model softwareUsability, ease of use, error free operation, Usability, ease of use, error free operation,
intuitive understanding (communication, intuitive understanding (communication,
participation):participation):
INTEGRATIONINTEGRATIONEasy to change components in a distributed, Easy to change components in a distributed,
open, modular architecture with standard open, modular architecture with standard
protocols, interfaces, formatsprotocols, interfaces, formats
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ArchitectureArchitecture
Distributed, web-based:Distributed, web-based:• Shared central resources, administrationShared central resources, administration
• Easy access for distributed usersEasy access for distributed users, easy , easy
communication, distributed resourcescommunication, distributed resources
• Simple client requirements (PC with standard web Simple client requirements (PC with standard web
browser, data import/export facilities)browser, data import/export facilities)
CONSTRAINT:CONSTRAINT: Internet access, bandwidth, reliability Internet access, bandwidth, reliability
(latency can be measured …) (latency can be measured …) improves fast.improves fast.
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Components (wishlist, part 1)Components (wishlist, part 1)
• Object data base (nodes, reaches), DB Object data base (nodes, reaches), DB administration (telemetry ?)administration (telemetry ?)
• Monitoring data base (time series)Monitoring data base (time series)
• Embedded GIS (all objects geo-referenced)Embedded GIS (all objects geo-referenced)
• Hydro-meteorological scenarios (prognostic Hydro-meteorological scenarios (prognostic 3D models: MM5, WRF)3D models: MM5, WRF)
• Rainfall-runoff model, semi-distributed Rainfall-runoff model, semi-distributed (ungaged catchments) erosion, flooding, (ungaged catchments) erosion, flooding, lateral inflow, calibration ?lateral inflow, calibration ?
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Components (wishlist part 2)Components (wishlist part 2)
• Irrigation water demand estimation (incl. Irrigation water demand estimation (incl. crop data base, production, yield)crop data base, production, yield)
• Water resources model(s), dynamic water Water resources model(s), dynamic water budget, allocation, economics budget, allocation, economics (hydropower)(hydropower)
• Groundwater model (3D ?)Groundwater model (3D ?)
• Water quality model(s): DO/BOD, tracers, Water quality model(s): DO/BOD, tracers, turbidity, for river and lakes/reservoirs;turbidity, for river and lakes/reservoirs;
• Optimization (multi-criteria: water Optimization (multi-criteria: water resources, water quality, socio-economics)resources, water quality, socio-economics)
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Components (wishlist part 3)Components (wishlist part 3)• Watershed management, wetlands (land Watershed management, wetlands (land
use dynamics, site suitability analysis, use dynamics, site suitability analysis, optimal project location)optimal project location)
• Fisheries management (Beverton-Holt ?)Fisheries management (Beverton-Holt ?)
• Regional development dynamics Regional development dynamics (demography, socio-economics)(demography, socio-economics)
• EIA (screening level project assessment)EIA (screening level project assessment)
• Embedded user manuals and training, Embedded user manuals and training, tutorials, distance learning ? tutorials, distance learning ?
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Components (wishlist part 4)Components (wishlist part 4)
COMMON TOOLS (integrated):COMMON TOOLS (integrated):
• Basic statistical analysis (non-parametric)Basic statistical analysis (non-parametric)
• Plotting, mapping (compatible GIS)Plotting, mapping (compatible GIS)
• Report generation (standard formats)Report generation (standard formats)
• Data exchange protocolsData exchange protocols
• User communication (groupware)User communication (groupware)– Discussion fora, FAQ, error logDiscussion fora, FAQ, error log– Mailing lists, newsletterMailing lists, newsletter
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System integration (OOD)System integration (OOD)
Modular architecture:Modular architecture:• Several “independent” models for different Several “independent” models for different
topics, but shared input/output;topics, but shared input/output;
• Smaller models easier to test !Smaller models easier to test !
• Cascading models, Cascading models, consistentconsistent coupling and coupling and
integration (thematic, time and space)integration (thematic, time and space)
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System integration (OOD)System integration (OOD)
Modular architecture:Modular architecture:
Nested modelsNested models (3 levels ?): (3 levels ?):
• Overall Nile basin water budgetOverall Nile basin water budget
• Major subcatchments (10-15 ?)Major subcatchments (10-15 ?)
• Local studies within the sub-catchmentsLocal studies within the sub-catchments
Each sub-model provides input (its sub-basin Each sub-model provides input (its sub-basin
outflow and performance) to the next leveloutflow and performance) to the next level
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System integration (OOD)System integration (OOD)Common protocols, interfaces, formats:Common protocols, interfaces, formats:
– OntologyOntology (terminology, variable definitions (terminology, variable definitions
units, formats, META data)units, formats, META data)
– Data baseData base structure (object oriented, geo- structure (object oriented, geo-
referenced (shared GIS), time-stamped)referenced (shared GIS), time-stamped)
– Data exchangeData exchange (SQL, (SQL, import/export to PC import/export to PC
formats for local processing)formats for local processing)
– User interfaceUser interface (consistent style and logic) (consistent style and logic)
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Data requirementsData requirements
Never enoughNever enough (historical time series, spatial coverage) (historical time series, spatial coverage)
– Data organisation, META data, Data organisation, META data,
uncertainty, sampling statisticsuncertainty, sampling statistics
– Innovative sources: remote sensingInnovative sources: remote sensing
– Model generated estimates for complete, Model generated estimates for complete,
high-resolution synoptic data fields high-resolution synoptic data fields
(hydrometeorology)(hydrometeorology)
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Data requirementsData requirements
Planning applicationsPlanning applications::
• Historical data, long-term hydrometeorology for Historical data, long-term hydrometeorology for
probabilistic analysis (climate change impacts ?)probabilistic analysis (climate change impacts ?)
Operational management:Operational management:
• Needs real-rime monitoring data (sensors, local Needs real-rime monitoring data (sensors, local
telemetry (GSM/GPRS, UHF radio), telemetry telemetry (GSM/GPRS, UHF radio), telemetry
(investment and maintenance effort)(investment and maintenance effort)
• Model based forecasts (precipitation Model based forecasts (precipitation flow) flow)
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Monitoring sensors:Monitoring sensors:• Meteorology• Water levels• Soil moisture• Flow monitoring
open channel, pipelines
• Water quality Telemetry:
UHF, GSM, GPRS
• Meteorology• Water levels• Soil moisture• Flow monitoring
open channel, pipelines
• Water quality Telemetry:
UHF, GSM, GPRS
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People and institutionsPeople and institutions
• Introduction of a DSS means institutional Introduction of a DSS means institutional
change (long term learning process)change (long term learning process)
• Control of information is power, changes Control of information is power, changes
mean struggle, affect institutional structuresmean struggle, affect institutional structures
• Training is essential: ON THE JOB training Training is essential: ON THE JOB training
within the framework of relevant projectswithin the framework of relevant projects
• Academic training takes YEARS Academic training takes YEARS (brain drain)(brain drain)
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People and institutionsPeople and institutionsTraining requirements:Training requirements:
• Basics (academic) coordinated with Basics (academic) coordinated with
local/regional universities ?local/regional universities ?
• Topical and tool oriented coursesTopical and tool oriented courses
• On-the-job training within specific projectsOn-the-job training within specific projects
• Distance learning toolsDistance learning tools
ISSUES:ISSUES: tests, certification, accredidation ? tests, certification, accredidation ?
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DSS Implementation:DSS Implementation:
Requires a Requires a well balancedwell balanced consideration and consideration and
careful integration of careful integration of
• Hardware, Hardware, computing and communicationcomputing and communication
• Software, Software, DB/GIS, models, DSS properDB/GIS, models, DSS proper
• DataData, information, knowledge, information, knowledge
• People People (training)(training),, institutions, procedures institutions, procedures
SeriousSerious long term commitmentlong term commitment