DSM in Italy: the case study of the PRIN project Terribile F (1) ., Aru A., Basile A (3) ., Bocchi S. (4) , Bonfante A. (1) , Bonifacio E. (5) , Buttafuoco G. (3) , Cantelli D. (6) , Carnicelli S. (7) , Castrignanò A. (8) , Ciampalini R. (7) , Comolli R. (6) , Dazzi C. (9) , De Mascellis R. (3) , Falsone G. (5) , Iamarino M. (1) , Iasio C. (7) , Laudicina V. A. (9) , Lo Papa G. (9) , Lopez R. (4) , Manna P. (1) , Monteleone S. (7) , Parello F., Parisi S., Paternò M., Provenzano G., Scalenghe R. (9) , Territo C. (9) , Tusa D. (9) , Vacca A. (2) , Vingiani, S (1) ., Wolf U. (7) , Zanini E., Zucca C (6) . (1) DISSPA Università di Napoli Federico II; (2) Università di Cagliari; (3) CNR ISAFOM, Ercolano; (4) Università di Milano; (5) Università di Torino; (6) Università di Milano Bicocca; (7) Università di Firenze; (8) ISA MIPAF Bari; (9) Università di Palermo
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DSM in Italy: the case study of the PRIN project Terribile F (1)., Aru A., Basile A (3)., Bocchi S. (4), Bonfante A. (1), Bonifacio E. (5), Buttafuoco.
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DSM in Italy: the case study of the PRIN project
Terribile F(1)., Aru A., Basile A(3)., Bocchi S. (4), Bonfante A. (1), Bonifacio E. (5), Buttafuoco G. (3), Cantelli D. (6), Carnicelli S. (7), Castrignanò A. (8), Ciampalini R. (7), Comolli R. (6), Dazzi C. (9), De
Mascellis R. (3), Falsone G. (5), Iamarino M. (1), Iasio C. (7), Laudicina V. A. (9), Lo Papa G. (9), Lopez R.
(4), Manna P. (1), Monteleone S. (7), Parello F., Parisi S., Paternò M., Provenzano G., Scalenghe R. (9), Territo C. (9), Tusa D. (9), Vacca A. (2), Vingiani, S(1)., Wolf U. (7), Zanini E., Zucca C(6).
(1) DISSPA Università di Napoli Federico II; (2) Università di Cagliari; (3) CNR ISAFOM, Ercolano; (4) Università di Milano; (5) Università di Torino; (6) Università di Milano Bicocca; (7) Università di
Firenze; (8) ISA MIPAF Bari; (9) Università di Palermo
It is a national project funded by the Italian Ministry of Research (PRIN)
It is a project on methodologies to address spatial variability issue for soil mapping
An introduction to the approach In the last decade, in Italy soil mapping has indeed become a strategic tool for landscape planning at different levels (village, district, region, country) and for different purposes
•The methodologies have been well standardised and, of course, they all rely on georeferenced databases.
•Soil survey is generally performed on the budget of the different administrative regions and it is generally made by private companies of pedologists.
The standard approach – deterministic and discontinuous (s=f(cl,o,r,p,t…))
Despite the extremelly high value of the results obtained by soil mapping……………there are some problems ……….
•Of course the problem of spatial variability inside each soil mapping and soil type units
• it is an old problem Nelson e McCracken, 1962; Andrew e Stearns, 1963; Mader, 1963; Wilding et al., 1964; Powel e Springer 1965; Beckett e Webster, 1971; Bascomb e Jarvis 1976; Wilding et al. 1965; McCormack e Wilding; Nettleton et al. (1991).
•But also the lack of some major physical and hydrological soil properties (i.e. hydraulic conductivity; water retention curve, mechanical resistivity, etc.…)
•This make difficult for soil map to properly address many functional soil properties (i.e. related to water movement)
Information on the spatial variability of the soil physical properties are becoming a “must” in environmental studies,….. if meaningful result have to be given. Such framework is extremelly important moving towards the use of physically based models. Such limitation is one of the major problems in future application of soil mapping to address many environmental and agricultural problems.
Some of our problems ….
Volcanic soils and triggering mechanisms of landslide initiation: the case study of Sarno e Quindici
(ad es. Basile, Mele, Terribile. 2002. Soil hydraulic behaviour of a selected benchmark soil involved in the landslide of Sarno 1998. Geoderma Elsevier)
Campi Flegrei
Monti Lattari
Monti Lattari:Typic Hapludand
Typic Hapludand
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1101001000
theta
-h (cm)
B A
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1101001000 - h (cm)
theta
Ap
A
Bw
Campi Flegrei (Gauro): Ustivitrand
Tipologia di modelli utilizzatiAn example of the influence of soil type on pollution
susceptibility of shallow groundwaterBasile, A., De Mascellis, R., Terribile, F. 1999. Il suolo e la protezione degli acquiferi: studio pedologico e idrologico dei suoli della
piana del F. Sarno (Campania). Quaderni di Geologia Applicata. Numero monografico su "Rischio di Inquinamento"; pubbl. GNUCI-
CNR n. 2000. pp. 1251-1261
All these soils are sandy loam; they have the same score of the soil parameters in the (widespread) empirical models like
DRASTIC/SINTACS
prof. Rif. Soil Taxonomy Sos. Org. (%)
text drastic sintacs
A 2,7 FS 6 7Bw 1,6 FL
A 6,6 FS 6 8Bw 2,6 FL
A 2,8 FS 6 7Bw 1,7 F
A 2,5 FS 6 8Bw 2,5 F
A 6,6 FS 6 6Bw 2,6 FS
A 2,8 FS 6 8Bw 1,2 FS
A 2 FS 6 8Bw 1,3 SF
Vitrandic Ustochrepts
VAC2 S21 Vitrandic Hustochrept
PAL6 P32
Typic Haplustand
PAL8 P52 Aquic Hustivitrand
PAL4 P37
Eutric Haplustand
PAL5 P22 Aquic Haplustand
VAS1 P70
Vitrandic HustochreptPAL10 S14
Curve di ritenzione dei suoli franco-sabbiosiorizzonti Ap
0,00
0,10
0,20
0,30
0,40
0,50
0,60
0,70
0,80
0,90
1,00
110100100010000
h (cm)
(cm3 cm
-3)
Pal4
Pal5
Pal6
Pal8
Pal10
Vas1
Vac2
Curve di ritenzione dei suoli franco-sabbiosiorizzonti Bw
0,00
0,10
0,20
0,30
0,40
0,50
0,60
0,70
0,80
110100100010000
h (cm)
(cm3 cm
-3)
Pal4
Pal5
Pal6
Pal8
Pal10
Vas1
Vac2
Parametri idrodinamici del trasporto nei suoli franco sabbiosi
unità R P D (cm2
min-1)
V (cm min-1)
Pal4 1.13 1.06 7.79 1.03
Pal5 1.31 0.47 1.06 0.05
Pal6 0.80 8.52 0.13 0.11
Pal8 0.92 1.74 1.36 0.28
Pal10 0.73 2.3 3.42 0.6
Vas1 0.89 7.29 1.11 0.61
Vac2 0.91 2.71 7.30 1.86
S1 S 12
1.E-10
1.E-08
1.E-06
1.E-04
1.E-02
1.E+00
110100100010000 - h (cm)
k (cm/min)
S1
S12
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
110100100010000 - h (cm)
(cm3/cm3)
S1
S12
curve di fuoriuscita del soluto (breacktrough curve)
•Measurements with a high benefit/cost ratio for high resolution survey (i.e. vegetation spectral indexes, geophysics, ultrasonic penetrometry, field fluorescence spectrometry, etc.)
•Measurement of highly relevant physical properties for low resolution survey (i.e. automatic tension infiltrometers, REV, etc.)
Percentage of soil type data accounted by their terrain average values
Podzols map Cambisols mapLeptosols map
Soil type data:
Podzol: n. 42
Cambisol: n. 24
Leptosol: n. 20
First Conclusions
We produced, in the 3 study areas, a unique soil database (at least for Italy), in terms of type of analysis and spatial resolution of the measurements.
It is a very important site where to test methodologies on spatial variability
Feasibility of producing in little time (1-2 weeks /area) an intensive survey of morphological and physical measurements.
First Conclusions
We now plan to address the soil functioning especially in the plain of Lodi with reference to two applications: (i) filtering (nitrate leaching); (ii) crop production
The project will finish in dec 2005 and …..we are very much looking for collaborations and help……
Modello di simulazione (SWAP)
OUTPUT proprietà funzionali W-80 e SOL-80
PARAMETRI SPAZIALMENTE
DIPENDENTI
Proprietà idrauliche
Parametri di trasporto dei soluti
PARAMETRI SPAZIALMENTE
INDIPENDENTI
Parametri della coltura (Kc, funzione di attingimento radicale, etc)
Condizioni Iniziali e al contorno inferiore (falda) e superiore (ETp, pioggie, irrigazioni, sversamenti, etc)
RichardsC(h) h/t = /z [ K(h) (h/z + 1)] - S
EQUAZIONI DEL MOTO DELL’ACQUA E DEL TRASPORTO DEI SOLUTI