Drugs and Consciousness Psychoactive Drug a chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood Physical Dependence physiological need for a drug.

Drugs and Drugs and ConsciousnessConsciousness

Psychoactive DrugPsychoactive Drug a chemical substance that alters a chemical substance that alters

perceptions and moodperceptions and mood Physical DependencePhysical Dependence

physiological need for a drugphysiological need for a drug marked by unpleasant withdrawal marked by unpleasant withdrawal

symptomssymptoms Psychological DependencePsychological Dependence

a psychological need to use a druga psychological need to use a drug for example, to relieve negative emotionsfor example, to relieve negative emotions

Dependence and Dependence and AddictionAddiction

ToleranceTolerance diminishing effect diminishing effect

with regular usewith regular use WithdrawalWithdrawal

discomfort and discomfort and distress that distress that follow follow discontinued usediscontinued use

Small Large

Drug dose

Littleeffect

Bigeffect

Drugeffect

Response tofirst exposure

After repeatedexposure, moredrug is neededto produce same effect

Psychoactive DrugsPsychoactive Drugs

Depressants – “downers”Depressants – “downers” drugs that reduce neural drugs that reduce neural

activityactivity alcohol, barbiturates, opiatesalcohol, barbiturates, opiates

slow body functionsslow body functions - - sympathetic NSsympathetic NS


AlcoholAlcohol affects motor skills, judgment, affects motor skills, judgment,

and memory and memory reduces self awarenessreduces self awareness Disrupts processing of recent Disrupts processing of recent

events into long-term memoriesevents into long-term memories large amts – depressant, large amts – depressant,

small amts - stimulantsmall amts - stimulant

Animation - AlcoholAnimation - Alcohol

http://outreach.mcb.harvard.edu/animatihttp://outreach.mcb.harvard.edu/animations/synapse.swfons/synapse.swf

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/addiction/drugs/content/addiction/drugs/mouse.htmlmouse.html


BarbituratesBarbiturates tranquilizers, mimic effects of tranquilizers, mimic effects of

alcoholalcohol drugs that depress the activity drugs that depress the activity

of the central nervous system, of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgmentmemory and judgment


OpiatesOpiates opium and its derivatives opium and its derivatives

(morphine and heroin)(morphine and heroin) opiates depress neural opiates depress neural

activity, temporarily activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxietylessening pain and anxiety

highly addictivehighly addictive

Animation - HeroinAnimation - Heroin

http://outreach.mcb.harvard.edu/animatihttp://outreach.mcb.harvard.edu/animations/synapse.swfons/synapse.swf



Stimulants – “uppers”Stimulants – “uppers” drugs that excite neural drugs that excite neural

activity activity caffeine, nicotine, caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, cocaineamphetamines, cocaine

speed up body functions – speed up body functions – nicknamed “speed”nicknamed “speed”

AnimationAnimation

Caffeine, Nicotine, CocaineCaffeine, Nicotine, Cocaine

http://outreach.mcb.harvard.edu/anhttp://outreach.mcb.harvard.edu/animations/synapse.swfimations/synapse.swf



AmphetaminesAmphetamines drugs that stimulate drugs that stimulate

neural activity, causing neural activity, causing speed-up in body functions speed-up in body functions and associated energy and and associated energy and mood changesmood changes

more powerful than more powerful than cocainecocaine


CocaineCocaine effects depend on dosage, effects depend on dosage,

form, expectations, form, expectations, personality and situationpersonality and situation

(coca leaves, powder, crack )(coca leaves, powder, crack ) Blocks dopamine, Blocks dopamine,

serotonin, norepinephrine – serotonin, norepinephrine – depression, irritabilitydepression, irritability

Cocaine Euphoria Cocaine Euphoria and Crashand Crash


EcstasyEcstasy MDMA MDMA

(methylenedioxymethampheta(methylenedioxymethamphetamine)mine)

stimulant and mild stimulant and mild hallucinogenhallucinogen

dangerous short and long term dangerous short and long term effectseffects

Blocks the reabsorbtion of Blocks the reabsorbtion of serotonin, releases dopamineserotonin, releases dopamine

Animation - EcstasyAnimation - Ecstasy



HallucinogensHallucinogens psychedelic (mind-psychedelic (mind-

manifesting) drugs that manifesting) drugs that distort perceptions and distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory the absence of sensory inputinput LSDLSD MDMA (Ecstasy)MDMA (Ecstasy)


LSDLSD lysergic acid diethylamide, also as acidlysergic acid diethylamide, also as acid a powerful hallucinogenic druga powerful hallucinogenic drug chemically similar to serotonin and chemically similar to serotonin and

block itblock it THCTHC

the major active ingredient in marijuanathe major active ingredient in marijuana triggers a variety of effects, including triggers a variety of effects, including

mild hallucinationsmild hallucinations cognitive effects out last the use of the cognitive effects out last the use of the

drugdrug

Animation - LSDAnimation - LSD


Near-Death Near-Death ExperiencesExperiences

Near-Death Near-Death ExperienceExperience an altered state of an altered state of

consciousness consciousness reported after a reported after a close brush with close brush with deathdeath

often similar to often similar to drug-induced drug-induced hallucinationshallucinations


Trends in Drug UseTrends in Drug Use

Perceived Marijuana Perceived Marijuana RiskRisk

Near-Death Near-Death ExperiencesExperiences

DualismDualism the presumption that mind and the presumption that mind and

body are two distinct entities body are two distinct entities that interactthat interact

MonismMonism the presumption that mind and the presumption that mind and

body are different aspects of body are different aspects of the same thingthe same thing

LinksLinks

Meth Ingredients – Meth Ingredients – http://www.kci.org/meth_info/sites/Riverside_County.htmhttp://www.kci.org/meth_info/sites/Riverside_County.htm

Meth Epidemic – PBS Frontline Meth Epidemic – PBS Frontline SeriesSeries

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/meth/body/#2http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/meth/body/#2

Drugs and Consciousness Psychoactive Drug a chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood Physical Dependence physiological need for a drug.

Documents

cocaine slide

effect slide

psychoactive drugs alcohol

judgment slide

crash slide

irritability slide

addictive slide

cocaine http