Chapter 1: Principles of Pharmacology Psychopharmacolog y Psychoactive drug
Dec 25, 2015
Chapter 1:
Principles ofPharmacology
Psychopharmacology
Psychoactive drug
Drug Categories
Opium Wars
Historical Use of a Drug: Opium
Opium use in Europe and US
Historical Use of a Drug: Opium
Pure Food and Drug Act – 1906
Harrison Act – 1914
Prohibition (18th amendment) – 1920
Controlled Substances Act – 1970
US drug laws
The Life of a Drug in the Body
1. Route of administration (getting it in)
2. Absorption/ Distribution (getting to the brain)
3. Binding (how it works)4. Metabolism/Deactivation
(stopping it)5. Excretion (getting rid of it)
Routes of Administration – Getting the drugs in
first-pass effect:
Method of Administration Affects Blood Concentration
Administration of nicotine by smoking or chewing
Routes of Administration – Getting the drugs in
Absorption and Distribution- getting drug to the brain
lipid/water-solubility:
lipid/water-solubility
Heroin
http://www.ch.ic.ac.uk/rzepa/mim/drugs/gifs/heroin.gif
HO
HO
Morphine
Absorption and Distribution- getting drug to the brain
ionization:
Absorption and Distribution- getting drug to the brain
blood-brain barrier:
Absorption and Distribution- getting drug to the brain
Binding- how drug works
Drug depots:
Receptors:
Binding- how drug works
Metabolism- stopping drug effect
Excretion- getting drug out of body
Half-life:
Metabolism- stopping drug effect
Excretion- getting drug out of body
The Life of a Drug in the Body
1. Route of administration (getting it in)
2. Absorption/ Distribution (getting to the brain)
3. Binding (how it works)4. Metabolism/Deactivation
(stopping it)5. Excretion (getting rid of it)
Dose–response curve
Other Important Concepts
Dose–response curves for four analgesic agents
Other Important Concepts
Potency:
Comparison effects of a drug
Other Important Concepts
Effects of Repeated Drug Use Tolerance:
Is reversible Not all drug effects show equal tolerance Types of tolerance
Disposition Pharmocodynamic Behavioral
Other Important Concepts
Effects of Repeated Drug Use Sensitization
Other Important Concepts
Therapeutic effects
Side effects
Other Important Concepts
Drug Development and Testing
Other Important Concepts