DROUGHTS MANAGEMENT IN SEMI-ARID BRAZIL

Ministry of Environment

DROUGHTS MANAGEMENT IN SEMI-ARID BRAZIL

by CARLOS MOTTA NUNES, CARLOS MOTTA NUNES, M.Sc.M.Sc.

National Water Agency of Brazil - ANA

Istanbul, March 2009


GEOPOLITICAL NORTHEAST - 9 STATES

AREA: 1,561,177 km2

18,3% of the National Territory

Nº OF MUNICIPALITIES: 1,187

POPULATION: 47,741,711 Inhabitants URBAN POPULATION: 32,975,425 (69%)

RURAL POPULATION: 14,766,286 (31%)

HDI (2000) = 0.61

Source:1- Census 2000 IBGE2- IDH: IPEA/ FJP – Atlas do Desenvolvimento Humano do Brasil

MA PI CE RN

BA PE PB SE AL


Semi- Arid Problem

• Low rain levels, concentrated on 3 months • Evaporation much greater than the precipitation • Adverse geologic characteristic (Crystalline Rocks)

Need for reservation, with adequate water resources management


Ex: Rains in the Semi-Arid x Rains in Paris

• Average yaerly rain in Crateús (CE): 826.1mm• Average yearly rain in Paris: 641.5mm

55,0

45,452,2 49,5

62,053,2

58,3

46,052,9 54,9 57,0 55,1

72,0

130,5

229,7

202,0

73,4

23,716,4

5,4 5,8 9,0 11,9

46,3

-

50,0

100,0

150,0

200,0

250,0

jan fev mar abr mai jun jul ago set out nov dez

mês

mm

Paris Crateus

• Evaporation in Crateús: 2904.4mm


THE DROUGHT


ANTECEDENT CONDITIONS FOR DROUGHT MANAGEMENT

• CONCEPT: centered on emergency and focusing on drought “combat”;

• INSTRUMENTS: work forces, food and water stamps + water infrastructure without management;

• PROBLEMS: local politics interference, maintenance of high deficits, no preparedness for the next drought and high public investments


THE NEW STRATEGY

• Water Infrastructure + Water Resources Management

• Instruments: – Strengthening of water resources institutions– implementation of IWRM– planning– civil works


PROAGUA – World Bank loan BR 4310

Component US$ Million

Water resources management and institutional development

37.9

Engineering projects 19.7

Water Infrastructure Development 167.7

Project Monitoring 11.3

TOTAL 236.6


PROAGUA – Water Resources Management Component

• State Water Management Institutions implemented (Ceará, Bahia, RN) ;

• Water Laws developed in all states;

• State Water Resources Plans developed in all States;

• Training of Technical Staff;

• Hydrologic Monitoring systems improved;

• Water permit systems and water charges implemented.


PROÁGUA INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT

Population: 4,728,897 million

Pipelines : 2,635 km

Engineering works: 47


Aracoiaba/Baturité system

Treated Water Pumping Station

Chaval/Barroquinha pipeline


Water Fountain for disperse population water supply

Cariri – PB System – water treatment plant


Pipelines in Pipelines in Rio Grande do NorteRio Grande do Norte


REACHING OUT THE DISPERSE RURAL POPULATION


2,200,000 RURAL HOMES DO NOT HAVE ADEQUATE

WATER SUPPLY

1 HOUR / DAY

(women and children)

Displacement and time spent in obtaining water

WATER SOURCES

3 km average


RAIN WATER

HARVESTING


SIMPLIFIED WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS


DESALINATION


São Francisco Interbasin Water Transfer Project


CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

• Policies should take into consideration the specificity of supplying water to medium and large human settlements and to the rural disperse population

• Socio-economic development of the NE region of Brazil requires both: water resources infrastructure development and local government involvement

• Strengthening of the State water resources institutions is a basic requirement for the sustainability of the water infrastructure

• Success of PROAGUA suggests that the methodology could be pursued in other regions with similar climatic and social characteristics


TESEKKÜRLER GRACIAS

TAK GRAZIE

OBRIGADOSIYABONGA

MERCI THANKSXIE XIEDANKE

[email protected]

DROUGHTS MANAGEMENT IN SEMI-ARID BRAZIL

Documents