DRAFT SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PLAN OCONOMOWOC … · activities at the OEP site in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin, in accordance with the Statement of Work (SOW) dated May 17, 2004 for Work

DRAFT SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PLAN

OCONOMOWOC ELECTROPLATING Oconomowoc, Wisconsin

Long Term Remedial Action

WA No. 236-RALR-05M8/Contract No. 68-W6-0025

March 2005

III

Contents

A Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) B Field Sampling Plan (FSP)

Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP)

DRAFT QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN


Long-Term Remedial Action


March 2005

MKE\050810001 III

QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN


Long-Term Remedial Action


Prepared by: CH2M HILL Date: March 2005 Approved by: _____________________________________________ USEPA, Region 5, Work Assignment Manager Tony Rutter _____________________________________________ USEPA, Region 5, Quality Assurance Manager _____________________________________________ CH2M HILL Site Manager Bill Andrae _____________________________________________ CH2M HILL Quality Assurance Manager Regina Bayer Laboratory Quality Assurance Manager To Be Determined

MKE\050810001 V

Distribution List

Stephen Nathan, PO/USEPA, Region 5 (w/o enclosure)

Dave Alberts, CO/USEPA, Region 5 (w/o enclosure)

Tony Rutter, WAM/USEPA, Region 5

USEPA, Region 5, Quality Assurance Manager

Edward Lynch, WDNR

Laboratory Representative

Bill Andrae, SM/CH2M HILL, Milwaukee

Ike Johnson, PM/CH2M HILL, Milwaukee

Dan Plomb, DPM/CH2M HILL, Milwaukee

Regina Bayer, QAM/CH2M HILL, Milwaukee

Bob Tossel, QC RVW/CH2M HILL, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

Joe Sandrin/CH2M HILL, Milwaukee (w/o enclosure)

Cherie Wilson, AA/CH2M HILL, Milwaukee

MKE\050810001 VII

Contents

Distribution List .................................................................................................................................v Acronyms and Abbreviations .........................................................................................................xi 1. Project Management ...................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Project Organization ........................................................................................................... 1

1.2.1 USEPA Region 5 Work Assignment Manager ................................................... 2 1.2.2 WDNR Site Manager ............................................................................................. 2 1.2.3 CH2M HILL Program Manager........................................................................... 2 1.2.4 CH2M HILL QA Manager .................................................................................... 2 1.2.5 CH2M HILL Site Manager.................................................................................... 2 1.2.6 CH2M HILL Review Team Leader...................................................................... 4 1.2.7 CH2M HILL Project Chemist ............................................................................... 4

1.3 Problem Definition/Background Information................................................................ 4 1.3.1 Vapor Intrusion Evaluation .................................................................................. 5

1.4 Project Description and Schedule ..................................................................................... 6 1.4.1 Project Description ................................................................................................. 6 1.4.2 Project Schedule ..................................................................................................... 7

1.5 Data Quality Objectives and Criteria for Measurement Data....................................... 7 1.5.1 Step 1: State the Problem....................................................................................... 7 1.5.2 Step 2: Identify the Decision ................................................................................. 8 1.5.3 Step 3: Identify the Inputs to the Decision.......................................................... 8 1.5.4 Step 4: Define the Study Boundaries ................................................................... 9 1.5.5 Step 5: Develop a Decision Rule........................................................................... 9 1.5.6 Step 6: Specify Limits on Decision Errors ......................................................... 12 1.5.7 Step 7: Optimizing the Design............................................................................ 12 1.5.8 Measurement Performance Criteria .................................................................. 12

1.6 Instructions for Special Training Requirements/Certification................................... 13 1.7 Instructions for Documentation and Records ............................................................... 13

1.7.1 Field Sampling Documentation ......................................................................... 13 1.7.2 Data Reporting ..................................................................................................... 14 1.7.3 Electronic Analytical Record Format................................................................. 15 1.7.4 Project Record Maintenance and Storage ......................................................... 15

2. Data Generation and Acquisition ............................................................................................. 17 2.1 Sampling Process Design ................................................................................................. 17

2.1.1 Compliance Monitoring ...................................................................................... 17 2.1.2 Natural Attenuation Monitoring ....................................................................... 18 2.1.3 Water Level Measurements ................................................................................ 18 2.1.4 Field Parameters................................................................................................... 19 2.1.5 Sampling Method Requirements ....................................................................... 19

2.2 Sample Handling and Custody Requirements ............................................................. 19 2.2.1 Sample Handling and Preservation................................................................... 19 2.2.2 Sample Identification System ............................................................................. 20 2.2.3 Sample Packaging ................................................................................................ 20


MKE\050810001

2.2.4 Sample Custody....................................................................................................21 2.3 Analytical Method Requirements ...................................................................................23

2.3.1 Analytical SOPs.....................................................................................................24 2.4 Quality Control Requirements.........................................................................................24

2.4.1 Quality Control Samples .....................................................................................25 2.4.2 Data Precision, Accuracy, and Completeness ..................................................25

2.5 Instrument/Equipment Testing, Inspection, and Maintenance Requirements........27 2.5.1 Field Instrument Maintenance............................................................................27 2.5.2 Laboratory Equipment/Instruments .................................................................28

2.6 Instrument Calibration and Frequency ..........................................................................28 2.6.1 Field Instruments..................................................................................................28 2.6.2 Laboratory Instruments .......................................................................................29

2.7 Inspection/Acceptance Requirements for Supplies and Consumables.....................29 2.8 Non-Direct Measurements ...............................................................................................29 2.9 Data Management Plan.....................................................................................................29

2.9.1 Team Organization and Responsibilities ..........................................................30 2.9.2 Sample Tracking ...................................................................................................30 2.9.3 Data Types .............................................................................................................30 2.9.4 Data Tracking and Management ........................................................................31 2.9.5 Computer Database..............................................................................................32 2.9.6 Documentation......................................................................................................32 2.9.7 Evidence File .........................................................................................................32 2.9.8 Presentation of Site Characterization Data .......................................................33 2.9.9 Evaluation of Natural Attenuation Monitoring Data......................................33

3. Assessment/Oversight..................................................................................................................35 3.1 Assessments and Response Actions................................................................................35

3.1.1 Field Audits ...........................................................................................................35 3.1.2 Laboratory Audits ................................................................................................37

3.2 Reports to Management....................................................................................................38 4. Data Validation and Usability....................................................................................................39

4.1 Data Review, Verification, and Validation.....................................................................39 4.2 Validation and Verification Methods .............................................................................39 4.3 Reconciliation with Data Quality Objectives .................................................................40

5. References.......................................................................................................................................41

Appendixes

A Analytical Standard Operating Procedures B Chain-of-Custody and Sample Tag

Tables

Table 1-1..............................................................................................................................................10 Project Action Limits and Reporting Limits for Natural Attenuation Parameters in

Groundwater ......................................................................................................................10 Table 1-2..............................................................................................................................................11

Project Action Limits for Volatile Organic Compounds in Groundwater ..........................11 Table 2-1..............................................................................................................................................18

CONTENTS

MKE\050810001 IX

Long-Term Remedial Action Sampling Summary................................................................. 18 Table 2-2 ............................................................................................................................................. 20

Sample Containers, Preservations, and Holding Times........................................................ 20 Table 2-3 ............................................................................................................................................. 24

Long-Term Remedial Action Parameter List and Contract-Required Limits of Quantification .................................................................................................................... 24

Figures

1-1 Team Organization................................................................................................................. 3

MKE\050810001 XI

Acronyms and Abbreviations

°C degrees Celsius %R percent recovery

BAT batch

CFR Code of Federal Regulations COC chain-of-custody

DMP Data Management Plan DMS data management system DO dissolved oxygen DQO data quality objective

EB equipment blank EDD electronic data deliverable

FB field blank FOP field operating procedures FSP Field Sampling Plan FTL field team leader

HPLC high-performance liquid chromotography

ID identification number

L liter LAN local area network LIMS laboratory information management system LTRA Long-Term Remedial Action

µg/L micrograms per liter MCL maximum contaminant level mg/L milligrams per liter ml milliliter MNA monitored natural attenuation MS/MSD matrix spike/matrix spike duplicate

NAPL nonaqueous phase liquid NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology

OEP Oconomowoc Electroplating ORP oxidation-reduction potential OSWER Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response

PAL Preventive Action Limit PARCC precision, accuracy, representativeness, completeness, comparability PE performance evaluation PID photoionization detector


MKE\050810001

QAM quality assurance manager QAPP Quality Assurance Project Plan QA quality assurance QC quality control

RI/FS remedial investigation/feasibility study RL reporting limit ROD Record of Decision RPD relative percent difference RTL review team leader

SDG sample delivery group SM site manager SMP sample SOP Standard Operating Procedure SOW Statement of Work

TB trip blank TOC total organic carbon TRSQC tests and results with quality control

USACE United States Army Corps of Engineers USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency

VOC volatile organic compound

WA work assignment WAC Wisconsin Administrative Code WAM work assignment manager WDNR Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources

OCONOMOWOC ELECTROPLATING SITE QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN REVISION: 1 DATE: MARCH 2005 PROJECT MANAGEMENT PAGE: 1 OF 41

MKE\050810001

SECTION 1

Project Management

1.1 Introduction The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) requires parties conducting environmental monitoring and measurement efforts mandated or supported by USEPA to participate in a centrally managed Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP). Parties generating data under this program must implement procedures so that the precision, accuracy, representativeness, completeness, and comparability (PARCC) of their data are known and documented. To meet this objective, a written QAPP must be prepared covering each project to be performed. All project participants, including subcontractors, must follow the procedures and protocols outlined in the QAPP.

This QAPP presents the organization, objectives, functional activities, and specific quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) activities for the Long-Term Remedial Action (LTRA) work being conducted at Oconomowoc Electroplating (OEP) site located in Ashippun, Wisconsin. Due to the close proximity of Ashippun to Oconomowoc, Wisconsin, the names of the township and the city are often interchanged. This document will refer to the site location as Oconomowoc, Wisconsin.

This section provides an overall approach for managing the project, including:

• Project organization, roles, and responsibilities

• Problem definition and background information

• Project description and schedule

• Data quality objectives (DQOs) and criteria for measurement data

• Instructions for special training requirements/certification

• Instructions for documentation and records management

1.2 Project Organization At the direction of USEPA Region 5, CH2M HILL is responsible for all phases of the LTRA activities at the OEP site in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin, in accordance with the Statement of Work (SOW) dated May 17, 2004 for Work Assignment (WA) No. 236-RALR-05M8, Contract No. 68-W6-0025. The various QA and management responsibilities of key project personnel are defined below and shown on Figure 1-1.


MKE\050810001

1.2.1 USEPA Region 5 Work Assignment Manager The USEPA work assignment manager (WAM) has overall responsibility for all phases of the LTRA. The WAM is also responsible for the review and approval of this QAPP. Tony Rutter is the WAM for the OEP site.

1.2.2 WDNR Site Manager Edward Lynch, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) Site Manager (SM) assigned to the OEP site, is participating in the LTRA activities.

1.2.3 CH2M HILL Program Manager Ike Johnson, the CH2M HILL Program Manager, has overall responsibility for meeting USEPA objectives and CH2M HILL quality standards, as well as technical QC and project oversight.

1.2.4 CH2M HILL QA Manager Regina (Gina) Bayer, the Quality Assurance Manager (QAM), will remain independent of direct job involvement and day-to-day operations. Specific functions and duties of the QAM include:

• Directing the QA review of the various phases of the project, as necessary • Directing the review of QA plans and procedures • Providing QA technical assistance to project staff, as necessary

The QAM also has direct access to management staff to resolve QA disputes, as necessary.

1.2.5 CH2M HILL Site Manager Bill Andrae is the CH2M HILL Site Manager (SM) responsible for implementing the project. As such, he is authorized to commit the resources necessary to meet project objectives and requirements. His primary function is to achieve the technical, financial, and scheduling objectives of the project. He will report directly to the USEPA Region 5 WAM, and he will be the major point of contact for matters concerning the project. Specific responsibilities of the SM include:

• Defining project objectives and developing a detailed work plan and schedule

• Establishing project policy and procedures to address project-specific needs as a whole, as well as particular objectives of each task

• Acquiring and applying technical and corporate resources to meet budget and schedule constraints

• Orienting field leaders and support staff to the project’s special considerations

• Monitoring and directing other team members

• Developing and meeting ongoing project or task staffing requirements, including mechanisms for reviewing and evaluating each task product

CH2M HILL Remedial Action

Site Manager

Bill Andrae

CH2M HILLRAC V Program Manager

Ike Johnson

US EPA Region 5Quality Assurance Manager

To be determined

Senior Review Team

Kathi Ried/RTLGina BayerBob Tossell

Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources

Edward Lynch

EPA RemedialProject Manager

Tony Rutter

RAC V Contract Administrator

Matt Kluge

Analytical Testing/Quality Assurance

Heather Hodach

Support StaffMiscellaneous Subcontracts/

Field Subcontracts

Testing Laboratories

E032005010MKE E317734.DU.01 Org Chart 3-17-05tll

FIGURE 1-1Team Organization

Oconomowoc Electroplating Site Quality Assurance Project Plan


MKE\050810001

• Reviewing the work performed on each task to ensure quality, responsiveness, and timeliness

• Reviewing and analyzing overall task performance with regard to the planned schedule and budget

• Reviewing external reports (deliverables) before their submission to USEPA Region 5

• Representing the project team at meetings and public hearings

1.2.6 CH2M HILL Review Team Leader As the review team leader (RTL), Kathi Ried supports the SM in site management activities and coordinates CH2M HILL internal reviews. She will be involved in ongoing planning activities.

1.2.7 CH2M HILL Project Chemist Heather Hodach, the CH2M HILL project chemist, is responsible for tracking data and overseeing the data evaluation. The specific responsibilities of the project chemist include the following:

• Scheduling the analytical laboratories

• Coordinating activities with laboratories and data validators

• Overseeing data validation and the production of results tables

• Evaluating data usability

• Overseeing the tracking of samples and data from the time of field collection until results are entered into a database

1.3 Problem Definition/Background Information The 10-acre OEP site is composed of a former 4-acre electroplating facility located at 2572 Oak Street in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin, and 6 acres of wetlands located adjacent to and southwest of the former facility. OEP began operation in 1957. Electroplating processes performed at the facility used nickel, chrome, zinc, copper, brass, cadmium, and tin. Finishing processes included chromate conversion, coating, and anodizing. OEP ceased operations in 1990, and the facility was demolished and removed in May 1992.

USEPA, in consultation with WDNR, conducted a remedial investigation and feasibility study (RI/FS) at the site from April 1987 to September 1990. The RI determined that, as a result of hazardous waste disposal at the electroplating facility, various chemical contaminants leached into the groundwater, which flows toward Davy Creek. Associated soils have been contaminated with organic chemicals and metals. The quantities of chemicals found in the groundwater, soils, and landfill were found to present unacceptable potential risk levels to human and/or environmental receptors.

In 1990, USEPA issued a Record of Decision (ROD) for the site, which required excavation and disposal of lagoon sludge and surrounding soils, excavation and disposal of non-lagoon


MKE\050810001

contaminated soils and debris (including an abandoned electroplating building), excavation and disposal of metals-contaminated sediments from the wetlands area adjacent to Davy Creek, and extraction and treatment of groundwater in compliance with State of Wisconsin groundwater quality standards.

In accordance with the ROD and the approved remedial design, USEPA constructed a treatment system to treat groundwater extracted from five wells at the site. Since 1996, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) has operated the groundwater treatment system on behalf of USEPA.

A subsequent study conducted by RMT Inc. of Madison, Wisconsin (on behalf of WDNR) concluded that, although pumping and treatment of groundwater has substantially lowered the concentration of contaminants, further treatment has been ineffective since the rate of treatment has leveled off. The model used for this study indicated that the reason for this would be the presence of nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) in the organic layers of site soils. The plateau of contaminant concentrations has rendered further treatment ineffective. As a result, the treatment plant was shut down in July 2004.

The history of OEP and its operations, previous investigations and remediation, and physical and chemical conceptual models are described in the Field Sampling Plan (FSP; CH2M HILL 2005).

1.3.1 Vapor Intrusion Evaluation Information from existing site characterization and investigation, remedial design, and remedial action efforts to date has indicated that nearby residences do not appear to be impacted by groundwater. However, uncertainty existed regarding vapor intrusion into residential dwellings close to the site. This uncertainty was a concern to USEPA and WDNR.

At the request of USEPA and WDNR, a vapor intrusion evaluation for buildings was conducted by CH2M HILL using the evaluation process recommended in USEPA’s Draft Guidance for Evaluating the Vapor Intrusion to Indoor Air Pathway from Groundwater and Soils (November 2002). The evaluation is used to determine if an exposure pathway is complete or incomplete. Only readily available data has been used in this evaluation.

The guidance document calls for proceeding in a careful stepwise fashion and recommends the specific sequential approach. There are three tiers of assessment that involve increasing levels of complexity and specificity.

• Tier 1 - Primary screening is designed to be used with general knowledge of a site and the chemicals known or reasonably suspected to be present in the subsurface; it does not call for specific media concentration measurements for each constituent of concern.

• Tier 2 - Secondary screening is designed to be used with some limited site-specific information about the contamination source and subsurface conditions (e.g., measured or reasonably estimated concentrations of target chemicals in groundwater or soil gas, and depth of contamination and soil type).

• Tier 3 - Site-specific pathway assessment involves collecting more detailed site-specific information and conducting confirmatory subslab and/or indoor air sampling. The evaluation process presents a logical and linear progression designed to screen out sites


MKE\050810001

ordinarily not needing further consideration and focuses attention on those sites that generally need further consideration of the vapor intrusion pathway or action.

The guidance document suggests starting at Tier 1; however, the evaluation does not need to begin with Tier 1 and may proceed directly to Tier 2 or 3 if appropriate.

1.3.1.1 Tier 1 Evaluation The RI/FS completed in 1990 documented existing conditions prior to remedial activities and the remedies for each operable unit. Remedial activities were completed in 1994 to remove source areas, and in 1996 the groundwater treatment system began operation. For 8 years, the groundwater extraction system operated at the site. This extraction system substantially lowered the concentration of metals and chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in groundwater.

The extraction system was shut down in July 2004 because groundwater concentrations from the extraction wells were no longer decreasing with continued operation or were decreasing at a very small rate. However, site-related chemicals still remain in the groundwater near residential dwellings, but at much lower concentrations.

Thus, historic soil and groundwater data indicate the presence of site-related chemicals of concern in the subsurface and secondary screening is recommended.

1.3.1.2 Tier 2 Evaluation During the RI, a soil gas survey was performed, including offsite locations near residential dwellings, and no organic vapors were detected at any offsite locations. Since that time, source areas have been removed, VOC concentrations in groundwater have been significantly reduced, and VOCs within the unsaturated zone have likely volatilized; thus, vapor intrusion into the residential dwellings is highly unlikely. Therefore, based on historic data and current conditions at the site, the exposure pathway is considered incomplete and no further vapor intrusion investigation is warranted.

1.4 Project Description and Schedule 1.4.1 Project Description As discussed in this QAPP, groundwater and surface water sampling will be performed based on the overall objective to gather data to evaluate impacts to potential receptors (compliance monitoring) and to evaluate natural attenuation as a standalone remedy (natural attenuation monitoring). Samples will be collected from private water wells and groundwater monitoring wells. In addition, surface water samples will be collected from the wetland and Davy Creek located to the south of the site.

Monitored natural attenuation (MNA) refers to the reliance on natural attenuation processes to achieve remediation objectives by reducing the mass, toxicity, mobility, volume, or concentration of contaminants within a time frame that is reasonable. Natural attenuation processes acting on contaminants can involve a number of interactive processes including dilution, adsorption, advection and dispersion, volatilization, geochemical dynamics and chemical or biological transformation (microbial attenuation). Any of these processes can be


MKE\050810001

significant and will likely affect the nature and distribution of the contaminants in the subsurface environment.

The magnitude of each process will be governed by the prevailing site conditions and the nature of the compound under study. The Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER) Directive 9200.4-17 (1997) identifies three lines of evidence that can be used to demonstrate the occurrence of the natural attenuation of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, including:

• Documented loss of contaminants at the field scale

• Documented presence and distribution of geochemical and biochemical indicators of natural attenuation

• Direct microbiological evidence

At this site, MNA will be evaluated using the first two lines of evidence. These two lines of evidence are often sufficient to determine if MNA is viable at the site, or if enhancements can be made (usually by adding an electron donor) to accelerate cleanup at the site.

1.4.2 Project Schedule CH2M HILL will conduct sampling events through June 30, 2006. Compliance samples will be collected semiannually in the second and fourth quarters of the year, and natural attenuation samples will be collected quarterly through June 30, 2006. This will include measuring water levels, measuring field parameters, and collecting groundwater and surface water samples, as appropriate. Section 2 of this document describes the sampling schedule and analyses in detail.

1.5 Data Quality Objectives and Criteria for Measurement Data DQOs are qualitative and quantitative statements that specify the quality of data required to support decisions made during or after site-related activities. Project-specific DQOs are developed using the seven-step process presented below.

1.5.1 Step 1: State the Problem For 8 years, a groundwater extraction system operated at the OEP site. This extraction system substantially lowered the concentration of metals and chlorinated CVOCs in groundwater. RMT Inc., of Madison, Wisconsin (on behalf of WDNR) conducted a study to evaluate the potential for further reductions of chlorinated VOCs with continued operation of the groundwater extraction system. The study concluded further subsurface concentration reductions may not be probable using the extraction system. As a result, the extraction system was shut down in July 2004.

For the remaining concentrations of chlorinated VOCs in groundwater, natural attenuation processes are being monitored and evaluated at the site and at downgradient locations. The LTRA consists of MNA and compliance with federal groundwater and surface water quality standards for downgradient private water supply wells and Davy Creek, respectively.


MKE\050810001

1.5.2 Step 2: Identify the Decision 1.5.2.1 Compliance Monitoring • Confirm that groundwater contaminants do not extend to drinking water receptors

(private water wells) and surface water receptors (Davy Creek).

1.5.2.2 Monitored Natural Attenuation • Confirm the contaminant plume is not expanding.

• Confirm that natural attenuation processes are occurring in groundwater.

1.5.3 Step 3: Identify the Inputs to the Decision 1.5.3.1 Compliance Monitoring • Groundwater monitoring well, private water well, and surface water samples will be

collected and analyzed for chlorinated VOCs to verify that contaminants have not impacted drinking water wells and surface water.

• Groundwater and surface water levels will be collected during sampling events to assess groundwater and contaminant flow directions.

• An offsite laboratory subcontracted by CH2M HILL will analyze the groundwater compliance samples for chlorinated VOCs using the appropriate analytical methods to reach the project specific analytical requirements.

• Compliance groundwater monitoring wells and private water wells will be sampled and analyzed for chlorinated VOCs on a semiannual basis.

• Surface water monitoring for chlorinated VOCs in Davy Creek and the wetland area at three locations (upstream in Davy Creek, downgradient from the site in Davy Creek, and downgradient from the site in wetland area) will be conducted on a semiannual basis.

1.5.3.2 Monitored Natural Attenuation • Groundwater monitoring well samples will be collected and analyzed for chlorinated

VOCs, natural attenuation parameters and field parameters to assess plume size and concentration and to assess natural attenuation of chlorinated VOCs.

• Natural attenuation monitoring wells will be sampled on a quarterly basis for 2 years, with an optional year of monitoring to be conducted at the discretion of the WAM, and analyzed for hydrogeologic and geochemical parameters, and chlorinated VOCs to assess natural attenuation conditions and to evaluate natural attenuation as a standalone remedy for this site. The natural attenuation sampling schedule will be reviewed and adjusted after the first 2-year period.

• Groundwater and surface water levels will be collected during sampling events to assess groundwater and contaminant flow directions.


MKE\050810001

• An offsite laboratory subcontracted by CH2M HILL will analyze the natural attenuation samples using the appropriate analytical methods to reach the project specific analytical requirements.

• Available historical organic contaminant data will be used in evaluating trends in natural attenuation conditions at the site over time.

1.5.4 Step 4: Define the Study Boundaries The 10-acre study area is composed of the former 4-acre OEP facility site located at 2572 Oak Street in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin, and 6 acres of adjacent wetlands located to the southwest of the former facility. Based on data collected during the groundwater treatment system operation in Spring 2004, the organic contaminants of concern for the LTRA are located in unconsolidated aquifer groundwater at the former electroplating site and in the downgradient adjacent wetland area (RMT 2004).

Several water supply wells installed in bedrock and associated with private residences are located adjacent to the site. Previous monitoring has shown no detection of site contaminants in the wells (RMT Inc. 2004).

It is unknown whether all of the groundwater in the unconsolidated unit (shallow and deep) discharges to Davy Creek or whether part of it flows beneath the creek. A sentinel well nest, to be installed south of Davy Creek, will evaluate the flow between Davy Creek and the unconsolidated groundwater (see FSP, Figure 1). The sentinel wells will be installed further to the south from the site than any existing monitoring wells and on the opposite side of Davy Creek. These wells, once installed, along with the existing site monitoring wells and staff gauges will allow for greater understanding of surface water/groundwater interaction. The proposed sentinel well nest location was chosen to be in an apparent downgradient location for both the shallow and deep unconsolidated aquifers. Additionally, the location was chosen based on accessibility using standard drilling techniques.

1.5.5 Step 5: Develop a Decision Rule 1.5.5.1 Compliance Monitoring • For compliance monitoring, maximum concentration limits (MCLs) apply for drinking

water samples. Wisconsin Administrative Code (WAC) NR 105, applies for surface water samples.

• If MCL exceedances are observed at a private well, then the private well will be resampled to verify the exceedance. If the resampling results also exceed the MCLs, the private well may be placed on a point-of-service treatment or other service to provide drinking water below the MCL.

• If exceedances of NR 105 (surface water) criteria are documented for several consecutive quarters of monitoring, then modifications to the monitoring program or remediation approach for the site will be considered.


MKE\050810001

1.5.5.2 Monitored Natural Attenuation The WDNR Preventive Action Limits (PALs) are the cleanup criteria for the groundwater at the OEP site (WAC NR 140). The PALs are compared to achievable laboratory reporting limits (RLs) and project quantitation limits in Tables 1-1 and 1-2 for the parameters of interest.

Groundwater data will be evaluated to determine if natural attenuation processes are occurring and to evaluate if the plume is expanding. If the plume has documented expansion over several sampling rounds or if natural attenuation processes do not appear to be occurring, then modifications to the monitoring program or remediation approach will be implemented.

TABLE 1-1 Project Action Limits and Reporting Limits for Natural Attenuation Parameters in Groundwater Oconomowoc Electroplating Site, Oconomowoc, Wisconsin

Compound Enforcement

Standard Preventive Action

Limit (PAL)

Project Quantitation

Limitsb Achievable Laboratory

RLs* Alkalinity -- Background plus

100 mg/L 5 mg/L

Chloride 250 mg/La 125 mg/La 1.0 mg/L Sulfate 250 mg/L 125 mg/L 10 mg/L Sulfide -- -- 1.0 mg/L Nitrate -- -- 1.0 mg/L Dissolved Manganese 50 µg/La 25 µg/La 6 µg/L Iron 300 µg/La 150 µg/La 30 µg/L Dissolved Iron 300 µg/La 150 µg/La 30 µg/L Methane -- -- 10 µg/L Ethane -- -- 10 µg/L Ethene -- -- 10 µg/L Ammonia (surface water sample only)

-- -- 1.0 mg/L

Ortho-phosphateb (surface water sample only)

-- -- 1.0 mg/L

Total Organic Carbon -- Background plus 1 mg/L

1.0 µg/L

a Criteria is for public welfare concerns (taste or odor aesthetics). b PQLs are determined from common achievable laboratory RLs to be sufficiently lower than the PALs if possible -- = No criteria mg/L = milligrams per liter µg/L = micrograms per liter RL = reporting limit * = Pending Laboratory procurement.


MKE\050810001

TABLE 1-2 Project Action Limits for Volatile Organic Compounds in Groundwater Oconomowoc Electroplating, Oconomowoc, Wisconsin

Compound Enforcement

Standard (µg/L) Preventive Action

Limit (µg/L)

Project Quantitation Limits

(µg/L) a

Achievable Laboratory RLs*

(µg/L) Acetone 1000 200 2.0 Benzene 5 0.5 0.2 Bromodichloromethane 0.6 0.06 0.2 Bromoform 4.4 0.44 0.2 Bromomethane 10 1 0.2 2-butanone (MEK) 460 90 2.0 Carbon Disulfide 1000 200 0.4 Carbon Tetrachloride 5 0.5 0.2 Chlorobenzene -- -- 0.2 Chlorobenzene -- -- 0.2 Chloroethane 400 80 0.2 Chloroform 6 0.6 0.2 Chloromethane 3 0.3 0.2 Dibromochloromethane 60 6 0.2 1,1-dichloroethane 850 85 0.2 1,2-dichloroethane 5 0.5 0.2 1,2-dichloroethene 7 0.7 0.2 cis-1,2-dichloroethene 70 7 0.2 trans-1,2-dichloroethene 100 20 0.2 1,2-dichloropropane 5 0.5 0.2 cis-1,3-dichloropropene 0.2 0.02 0.01 trans-1,3-dichloropropene 0.2 0.02 0.01 Ethylbenzene 700 140 0.05 2-hexanone -- -- 2.0 4-methyl-2-pentanone -- -- 2.0 Methylene Chloride 5 0.5 0.2 Styrene 100 10 0.2 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 0.2 0.02 0.01 Tetrachloroethene 5 0.5 0.2 Toluene 1000 200 1.0 1,1,1-trichloroethane 200 40 1.0 1,1,2-trichloroethane 5 0.5 0.2 Trichloroethene 5 0.5 0.2 Vinyl Chloride 0.2 0.02 0.01 Xylenes (total) 10000 1000 0.2 a PQLs are determined from common achievable laboratory RLs to be sufficiently lower than the PALs if possible -- = No criteria * = Pending Laboratory procurement.


MKE\050810001

1.5.6 Step 6: Specify Limits on Decision Errors The probability of sampling and measurement errors at any site under investigation necessitates developing sampling guidelines and collecting QC samples. Field errors are minimized by having each member of the field team follow the same standard field operating procedures (FOPs) for sampling. Sampling techniques are discussed in detail in the FSP for the site. QC samples are used to verify the data’s accuracy and precision. When a QC sample is outside of the established control limits, the data will be qualified and field corrective action will be implemented when applicable (i.e., when field duplicates are outside of the established control limits).

Field-collected data, such as groundwater pH, temperature, conductance, dissolved oxygen (DO), and redox, will not be subject to data validation procedures.

1.5.7 Step 7: Optimizing the Design 1.5.7.1 Compliance Monitoring Semiannual compliance groundwater samples will be collected initially from 11 residential water wells, 20 groundwater monitoring wells, and 3 surface water locations primarily located downgradient to monitor the edge of the chlorinated VOC detections. Subsequent compliance sampling events will include a group of eight residential wells composed of residential wells primarily located near the corner of Eva Street and Elm Street. The proposed sample locations will be in the shallow unconsolidated zone, deep unconsolidated zone and the upper bedrock unit.

1.5.7.2 Monitored Natural Attenuation Natural attenuation groundwater samples will be collected on a quarterly basis for a 2-year period, with an optional year of monitoring to be conducted at the discretion of the WAM, from 14 existing deep and shallow groundwater monitoring wells. The wells are located both upgradient and downgradient from the site and will be used to monitor natural attenuation groundwater conditions at the site. The natural attenuation sampling frequency will be reevaluated and modified, if necessary, after the initial 2-year period.

For efficiency and data comparability, it is recommended that compliance and natural attenuation sampling events be coordinated. Water levels will be measured at all accessible monitoring wells, drive-point piezometers, and staff gauges during each sampling event.

1.5.8 Measurement Performance Criteria The measurement performance criteria will be checked on several levels using:

• Built-in QC standards

• Senior review

• Management controls

The measurement data must abide by specific QC standards. Data that do not meet these standards are qualified accordingly. The analytical data and the QC results will be checked by the bench chemist, the laboratory’s QAM, and CH2M HILL’s project chemist.


MKE\050810001

CH2M HILL staff members with relevant technical experience will review all documents that pertain to the project’s quality standards. The field team leader (FTL) will supervise activities to assess whether FOPs are being followed during field sampling activities. Section 3 describes specific QC checks and corrective action measures.

1.6 Instructions for Special Training Requirements/Certification As noted in Section 1.2, Project Organization, project team members with the necessary experience and technical skills were chosen to perform required project tasks. The subcontractor chosen to perform laboratory analyses will meet the project-specific requirements and USEPA and WDNR specifications. Project team members performing fieldwork, including subcontractors, will be required to show proof of meeting 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 1910.120.

1.7 Instructions for Documentation and Records 1.7.1 Field Sampling Documentation Field sampling activities will be recorded in field logbooks. Field logbook entries will be described with as much detail as possible so that persons going to the site may reconstruct a particular situation without reliance on memory. Modifications to field sampling protocols must be documented in the field logbook. The FTL is responsible for ensuring that modifications to sampling protocols are also documented.

The field logbooks to be used will be bound field survey books or notebooks. Logbooks will be assigned to the field crew, but stored in a secure location when not in use. Project-specific document numbers will identify each logbook, the title page of which will contain:

• Name of the person to whom the logbook is assigned

• Logbook number

• Project name

• Project start date

• Project end date

At the beginning of each entry, the date, start time, weather, names of all sampling team members present, and the signature of the person making the entry will be documented. Measurements and samples collected will be recorded with a detailed description of the location of the station. The number of all photographs taken will also be noted. Equipment used to make measurements will be identified, along with the date of calibration.

All entries will be made in ink and no erasures will be allowed. If an incorrect entry is made, the information will be crossed out with a single strike mark and initialed. Blank pages will be noted as being intentionally blank.

Samples will be collected following the sampling procedures documented in the FOPs located in the FSP. Sample collection equipment will be identified, along with the time of


MKE\050810001

sampling, sample description, parameters being analyzed, and number of containers used. Unique sample identification numbers (IDs) will be assigned to each sample as described in the FSP. Field duplicate samples, which will receive a unique sample ID, will be noted in the field logbook.

Field personnel will provide comprehensive documentation of all aspects of field sampling, field analysis, and sample chain-of-custody (COC). This documentation constitutes a record that allows for the reconstruction of all field events to aid in the data review and interpretation process. All documents, records, and information relating to the performance of the field work will be retained in the project file.

1.7.2 Data Reporting For the purposes of this investigation, two data reporting levels have been defined:

Level 1—Field Data and Health and Safety Reporting. This level of minimal or “results only” reporting is used for the field data and health and safety monitoring, as extensive supporting documentation is not generated or required.

Level 2—Analytical Reporting. Level III data packages are required for natural attenuation data.

1.7.2.1 Field Data Reporting Information collected in the field through visual observation, manual measurement, and/or field instrumentation will be recorded in field notebooks and then entered into an electronic data log. The FTL or project chemist will review the data for adherence to this QAPP and consistency. Any concerns identified as a result of this review will be discussed with the QAM, corrected if possible, and incorporated into the data evaluation process.

Field data calculations, transfers, and interpretations will be conducted by the field crew and reviewed for accuracy by the FTL or project chemist. The appropriate task manager will review field documentation, data reduction, and accuracy of data entries into the data log. The data logs and documents will be checked for:

• General completeness

• Readability

• Use of appropriate procedures

• Whether modifications to sampling procedures are clearly stated

• Appropriate instrument calibration and maintenance records

• Reasonability of data collected

• Correctness of sample locations

• Correctness of reporting units, calculations, and interpretations


MKE\050810001

Where appropriate, field data forms and calculations will be processed and included as appendixes to the reports generated. Original field logs, documents, and data reductions will be kept in the project file.

1.7.2.2 Laboratory Data Reporting Calculations for analyses are based on regression analyses of calibration curves. Regression analysis is used to fit a curve through calibration standard data. Sample concentrations are calculated using the resulting regression equations.

Whenever possible, analytical data will be transferred directly from the instrument to a computerized data system. Raw data will be stored electronically and a hard copy file will be maintained. Laboratory data entry will be sufficient to document the information used to arrive at reported values.

Electronic data storage will be used when possible. All electronic data shall be maintained in a manner that prevents inadvertent loss, corruption, and inappropriate alteration. Electronic data shall be accessible and retrievable for a period of 10 years after project completion.

Raw data will be examined by the laboratory to assess compliance with the QC guidelines stated in the appropriate analytical standard operating procedures (SOPs) in Appendix A. Surrogate, matrix spike, and QC check sample recoveries will be checked. In addition, samples and laboratory blanks will be checked for possible contamination or interferences. Chromatograms (where applicable) and concentrations will be checked to ensure that sample results are within the calibration range; if necessary, dilutions will be performed as defined by the initial calibration range.

Any deviations from stated guidelines must be addressed through corrective action. Deviations caused by factors outside of the laboratory’s control, such as matrix interference, will be noted with an explanation in the report narrative. Calculations will be checked and reports will be reviewed for errors, oversights, or omissions.

Data will then be submitted to the laboratory QAM for review and approval. The laboratory QAM will review the package, ensure that any necessary corrections are made, and forward it to the laboratory project manager for review. A copy of the data package will be filed in the project file. Mailed data packages, along with applicable electronic data deliverables (EDDs), will be sealed in an appropriate shipping container with a custody seal and logged on a document mailing log.

1.7.3 Electronic Analytical Record Format CH2M HILL requests that three ASCII text files be generated as the EDDs for each batch/sample delivery group (SDG): one for sample (SMP) data, one for tests and results with quality control (TRSQC) data, and one for test batch (BAT) data. The specifications for these files are given to the laboratory in the laboratory contract or SOW.

1.7.4 Project Record Maintenance and Storage Project records will be stored and maintained in accordance with CH2M HILL’s Data Management Plan (DMP) discussed in Section 2.9 of this QAPP. Each project team member is responsible for filing all project information or providing it to the project assistant familiar


MKE\050810001

with the project filing system. Individual team members may maintain separate files or notebooks for individual tasks, but must provide such materials to the project file room upon completion of each task.

The general project file categories are:

• Correspondence • Non-laboratory project invoices and approvals by vendor • Original unbound reports • Non-laboratory requests for proposals (solicitations), bids, contracts, and SOWs • Field data • Data evaluation and calculations • Site reports from others • Bound report copies of Category C • Photographs • Insurance documentation • Laboratory analytical data and associated documents/memos • Regulatory submittals, licensing, and permitting applications • Site and reference material • Health and safety plans • Figures and drawings

A project-specific index of file contents must be kept with the project files at all times.


MKE\050810001

SECTION 2

Data Generation and Acquisition

This section describes the procedures for acquiring, collecting, handling, measuring, and managing data in support of this sampling activity. It addresses the following data generation and acquisition aspects:

• Sampling process design

• Sample handling and custody requirements

• Sampling method requirements

• Laboratory analytical method requirements

• Laboratory QC requirements

• Field and laboratory instrument calibration and frequency

• Inspection and acceptance requirements for supplies and consumables

• Data acquisition requirements

• Data management

• Field and laboratory instrument and equipment testing, inspection, and maintenance requirements

2.1 Sampling Process Design The sampling locations and frequencies of collection chosen best fulfill the project objectives stated in Step 2 of the DQO process. There are two intended purposes to groundwater sampling for the project. The first purpose is to gather groundwater data at residential wells, monitoring wells located in the downgradient portions of the chlorinated VOC plume, and surface water samples to evaluate impacts to potential receptors and compliance with state and federal groundwater and surface water standards (i.e., compliance monitoring). Secondly, groundwater data will be collected throughout the chlorinated VOC plume to assess natural attenuation as a sole remedy for the site (i.e., natural attenuation monitoring).

2.1.1 Compliance Monitoring Compliance groundwater monitoring will be performed at 11 water supply wells, 20 groundwater monitoring wells, and 3 staff gauges (for collection of surface water samples) on a semiannual basis (Table 2-1). Groundwater sampling of the shallow unconsolidated zone, deep unconsolidated zone, and the upper bedrock unit will be performed. The sample locations are primarily located in downgradient locations to monitor the edge of the area of


MKE\050810001

chlorinated VOC detections. VOC analysis will be performed at compliance sampling points (FSP, Table 2). Sampling will be performed in accordance with the methods identified in the FSP.

Water supply wells are generally within 250 feet of the site (defined as area bounded by Oak, Eva, and Elm streets and the town of Ashippun property).

2.1.2 Natural Attenuation Monitoring Supplementing the compliance sampling is quarterly natural attenuation sampling, which is being evaluated as a standalone remedy for the site. Natural attenuation monitoring will be performed at 14 groundwater monitoring wells and 3 surface water locations on a quarterly basis to evaluate seasonal variability (Table 2-1). Groundwater sampling of the shallow and deep unconsolidated zone will be performed. The sample locations are within apparent source areas and areas upgradient and downgradient from these sources. Natural attenuation parameters (nitrate, dissolved manganese, total and dissolved iron, sulfate, sulfide, methane, ethane, ethane, chloride, alkalinity, and soluble organic carbon), VOCs, and field parameters (water level, temperature, pH, specific conductance, DO, and oxidation-reduction potential [ORP]) will be sampled. Sampling will be performed in accordance with the methods identified in the FSP.

TABLE 2-1 Long-Term Remedial Action Sampling Summary Oconomowoc Electroplating Site, Oconomowoc, Wisconsin

QC Samples

Sampling Event Type Samples Dup EB TB MS MSD FB Total Number of Samples2

Compliance Monitoring 11 private wells1, 20 monitoring wells, 3 surface water samples

3 2 8 2 2 1 50

Natural Attenuation Monitoring 14 monitoring wells, 3 surface water samples 1 1 4 1 1 1 26

Note: 1Initially 11 private wells will be sampled. Subsequent sample events will include eight private wells. A rotating sampling schedule for the private wells will be established. 2 Total number is estimated and is subject to change based on field conditions. Dup = duplicate EB = equipment blank FB = field blank MS = matrix spike MSD = matrix spike duplicate TB = trip blank

2.1.3 Water Level Measurements Water levels will be taken at accessible groundwater monitoring wells, drive point piezometers, and staff gauges during each sample event.


MKE\050810001

2.1.4 Field Parameters DO, pH, ORP, temperature, and specific conductance measurements will be taken at each natural attenuation monitoring point using a flow-through cell or a down-hole instrument.

2.1.5 Sampling Method Requirements The following SOPs are contained in the FSP for field sampling method and decontamination procedures:

• Low-flow groundwater sampling

• Groundwater and surface water level measurement

• Field logbook

• Equipment calibration ( air monitoring, pH, conductivity, temperature, DO, ORP)

• Field filtering samples

• Field sampling equipment decontamination

• Sample handling, packaging, and shipping

• Documentation/COC procedures

• Surface water sampling

• Private residential well groundwater sampling

• Hollow-stem auger drilling and soil sampling logging

• Monitoring well installation and development

Before sampling at a station, reusable (i.e., nondedicated) sampling equipment will be rinsed with Alconox, rinsed with distilled water, then rinsed with methanol, again rinsed with distilled water, and air-dried. Large sampling equipment will be washed with a high-pressure water wash using a brush as necessary, to remove any particles. Equipment blanks (EBs) will be collected by passing high-performance liquid chromotagraphy (HPLC)-grade laboratory water over decontaminated sampling equipment. The EBs will then be analyzed for the same parameters as the field samples to assess the effectiveness of the decontamination procedures. Details can found in the FOPs in the FSP.

2.2 Sample Handling and Custody Requirements 2.2.1 Sample Handling and Preservation Table 2-2 summarizes the sample preservation and holding requirements. Corrective actions will be taken as soon as a problem is identified. Such actions may include discontinuing the use of a specific bottle lot; contacting the bottle suppliers for retesting the representative bottle from a suspect lot; resampling suspect samples; validating the data, taking into account that the contaminants could be introduced by the laboratory (e.g., common laboratory solvents, sample handling artifacts) as a bottle QC problem; and determining whether the bottles and data are usable.


MKE\050810001

TABLE 2-2 Sample Containers, Preservations, and Holding Times Oconomowoc Electroplating Site, Oconomowoc, Wisconsin

Parameter Container Preservation/Storage Maximum Holding

Time

VOCs Three 40-mL glass vials HCl to pH <2, 4°C 14 days to analysis

Metals (Tot Fe, Diss. Mn &Fe)a One 500-mL poly HN03 to pH <2, 4°C 180 days

Alkalinityb One 1-L poly 4°C 14 days

Chloride, Sulfateb One 1-L poly 4°C 28 days

Sulfide One 1-L amber glass NaOH to pH>9, Zn acetate, 4°C

7 days

Methane, Ethane, Ethene Three 40-mL glass vials 4°C 14 days

Total Organic Carbon One 250-mL poly HCl to pH < 2, 4°C 28 days

Ammonia (surface water sample only)

One 250-mL poly H2SO4 to pH < 2, 4°C 28 days

Ortho-phosphateb (surface water sample only)

One 1-L poly 4°C 48 hours

Nitrateb One 1-L poly 4°C 48 hours

Notes: a Dissolved Iron will be field filtered and collected in a separate container than the total metals. bAlkalinity, chloride, sulfate ortho-phosphate and nitrate will all be collected in one 1-liter poly bottle. mL = milliliter L = liter VOC= volatile organic compound

2.2.2 Sample Identification System CH2M HILL has devised a sample numbering system that will be used to identify each sample, including duplicates and blanks. Detailed sample numbering information is located in Section 4.1.1, Sample Identification of the FSP.

2.2.3 Sample Packaging Sample handling, packaging and shipping procedures are described in the FSP, Sample Handling, Packaging, and Shipping FOP.

Sample coolers will be shipped to arrive at the laboratory the morning after sampling (priority overnight) or will be sent by a courier to arrive the same day. The laboratory will be notified of the sample shipment and the estimated date of arrival of the samples being delivered.

2.2.3.1 Shipping Airbills If samples are shipped, airbills will be retained to provide a record for sample shipment to the laboratory. Completed airbills will accompany shipped samples to the laboratory and be forwarded along with data packages. The airbill number will be documented on the COC


MKE\050810001

form accompanying the samples to the laboratory for sample tracking purposes. Airbills will be kept as part of the data packages in the project files.

2.2.4 Sample Custody Accurate records and control of sample and data custody are necessary to provide relevant and defensible data. COC is addressed during field sample collection, data analyses in the laboratory, and through proper handling of project files. Persons will be considered to have custody of samples when samples are in their physical possession, in their view after being in their possession, or in their physical possession and secured to prevent tampering. In addition, when samples are secured in a restricted area accessible only to authorized personnel, samples will be deemed to be in the custody of such authorized personnel.

COC forms will provide the record of responsibility for sample collection, transport, and submittal to the laboratory. Field personnel designated as responsible for sample custody will complete COC forms at each sampling site, at a group of sampling sites, or at the end of each day of sampling. In the event that samples are relinquished by the designated sampling person to other sampling or field personnel, COC forms will be signed and dated by the appropriate personnel to document the custody transfer. Original COC forms will accompany samples to the laboratory, and copies will be forwarded to the project files.

2.2.4.1 Field Custody Procedures COC forms will be required for all samples. The sampling crew in the field will initiate COC forms. COC forms will contain the sample’s unique ID, sample date and time, sample description, sample type, preservation (if any), and analyses required. Original COC forms, signed by the sampling crew, will accompany the samples to the laboratory (see example forms in Appendix B). A copy of relinquished COC forms will be retained with the field documentation. COC forms will remain with the samples at all times. Samples and signed COC forms will remain in the sampling crew’s possession until samples are delivered to the express carrier (e.g., Federal Express), hand delivered to the laboratory, or placed in secure storage.

2.2.4.2 Laboratory Custody Procedures Laboratory custody procedures will be in place to ensure the integrity of sample and laboratory data handling. Laboratory custody procedures are defined in the laboratory’s COC SOP in Appendix A.

2.2.4.3 Laboratory Sample Receipt Upon sample receipt, the laboratory sample custodian will verify package seals, open the packages, check temperature blanks (and record temperatures), verify sample integrity, and inspect contents against COC forms. The laboratory project manager will be contacted to resolve any discrepancies between sample containers and COC forms. Once the shipment and COC form are in agreement, the sample custodian will initiate an internal COC form as well as supply the laboratory task manager with a sample acknowledgement letter. When applicable, sample preservation will be checked and pH documented. If the sample


MKE\050810001

temperatures are outside the required range, the laboratory will contact the SM or the contractor, who will determine the proper course of action.

Samples will be logged into the laboratory information management system (LIMS), which assigns a unique laboratory number to each sample. LIMS will be used by all laboratory personnel handling samples to ensure all sample information is captured. Analyses required will be specified by codes assigned to samples at login. Labels containing the laboratory sample number are generated and placed on sample bottles.

2.2.4.4 Laboratory Sample Storage After the laboratory labels the samples, they will be moved to locked refrigerators where they will be maintained at 4 degrees Celsius (°C). Access to refrigerators will be limited to members of the sample management department.

When samples are required, an appropriate member of the sample management department will locate the samples in the locked refrigerator, sign and date the internal sample tracking form and provide the sample(s) to the analyst. When the analyst is finished with samples, unused portions will be returned to an appropriate member of the sample management department for replacement in a secure refrigerator. The analyst will sign and date internal COC forms. In the event that entire samples are depleted during analysis, a notation of “sample depleted” or “entire sample used” will be made on the internal COC forms.

Sample extracts will be stored in designated secure, refrigerated storage areas. Samples and sample extracts will be maintained in secure storage until disposal. No samples or extracts will be disposed of without prior written approval from an appropriate member of the project team. The sample custodian will note sample disposal date in the sample ledger. The laboratory will dispose of samples in accordance with applicable regulations.

2.2.4.5 Laboratory Logbooks Workbooks, bench sheets, instrument logbooks, and instrument printouts will be used to trace the history of samples through the analytical process and document important aspects of the work, including associated QC. As such, all logbooks, bench sheets, instrument logs, and instrument printouts will be part of the laboratory’s permanent record. In addition, relevant information will be entered into the LIMS at the time information is generated.

Each page or entry will be dated and initialed by the analyst at the time of entry. Entry errors will be crossed out in indelible ink with a single stroke, corrected without obliterating or writing directly over the erroneous entry, and initialed and dated by the individual making the correction. Unused pages of logbooks will be completed by lining out unused portions that are then initialed.

The analyst will record information regarding the sample, the analytical procedures performed, and the results on laboratory forms or personal notebook pages, and enter this information in LIMS. These notes will be dated and will identify the analyst, instruments used, and instrument conditions. Sufficient raw data records must be retained to permit reconstruction of initial instrument calibrations (e.g., calibration date, test method, instrument, analysis date, each analyte name, concentrations and responses, calibration


MKE\050810001

curves, response factors, or unique equations or coefficients used to reduce instrument responses into concentrations).

The laboratory group leaders will periodically review laboratory notebooks for accuracy, completeness, and compliance with this QAPP. The laboratory group leader will verify all entries and calculations. If all entries on the pages are correct, the laboratory group leader will initial and date the pages. Corrective action will be taken for incorrect entries before the laboratory group leader signs.

2.2.4.6 Laboratory Project File Documentation will be placed in a single, secured project file, maintained by the laboratory project manager. This file will consist of these components, all filed chronologically:

• Agreements

• Correspondence

• Memos

• Notes and Data

Reports (including QA reports) will be filed with correspondence. Analytical laboratory documentation and field data will be filed with notes and data. Filed materials may only be removed on a temporary basis by authorized personnel. The name of the person removing the file will be recorded. Laboratories will retain project files and data packages for a minimum of 7 years unless otherwise agreed.

2.2.4.7 Computer Tape and Hard Copy Storage All electronic files will be maintained on CD-ROM (preferred media), magnetic tape, or diskette for 10 years; hard copy data packages (including chromatograms) will be maintained in files for 7 years. The computer tape and hard copy storage should include notation of instrument run files and calibration.

2.3 Analytical Method Requirements Once the samples have been properly collected and documented, they will be submitted to the selected Wisconsin-certified (per WAC NR 149) laboratory for analysis. The analytical laboratory(s) will be chosen both on required certification and the ability to perform the analyses with a high level of analytical quality. Samples will be analyzed in accordance with USEPA methods and USEPA SW-846 methods.

Table 2-3 lists the required methodologies and quantification limits for the analyses to be performed during the LTRA.


MKE\050810001

TABLE 2-3 Long-Term Remedial Action Parameter List and Contract-Required Limits of Quantification Oconomowoc Electroplating Site, Oconomowoc, Wisconsin

Parameter Analytical Method Project Quantitation Limits

Alkalinity EPA 310.1 5 mg/L

Chloride EPA 300.0 1.0 mg/L

Sulfate EPA 300.0 10 mg/L

Sulfide EPA 376.1 1.0 mg/L

Nitrate EPA 353.2 1.0 mg/L

Dissolved manganese SW-846 6010/6020 6 µg/L

Iron SW-846 6010/6020 30 µg/L

Dissolved iron SW-846 6010/6020 30 µg/L

Methane, ethane, ethene RSK 175 10 µg/L

Ammonia 350.1 TBD

Ortho-phosphate 300.0 or 365.1 TBD

Total Organic Carbon SW-846 9060 1.0 µg/L

VOCs SW-846 8260 Per Table 1-2

EPA = U.S. Environmental Protection Agency µg/L = micrograms per liter mg/L = milligrams per liter VOC = volatile organic compound TBD = to be determined

2.3.1 Analytical SOPs The laboratory uses analytical SOPs to ensure that the samples submitted are accurately and analyzed precisely. The analytical SOPs reflect the requirements of the stated methods while including internal QC criteria. If not otherwise stated within this QAPP, the QC criteria used during the analyses are those stated within the analytical SOPs.

2.4 Quality Control Requirements The contracted analytical laboratory shall have a QC program to assess the reliability and validity of the analyses being performed. The purpose and creation of QC samples is discussed and summarized below. Table 2-1 outlines the anticipated field QC samples to be taken.


MKE\050810001

2.4.1 Quality Control Samples Field QC samples will be collected to determine the accuracy and precision of the analytical results. The QC sample frequencies are stated below and summarized in Table 2-1. All sampling activities will be conducted in accordance with the Health and Safety Plan and all sample handling procedures will be in accordance with this QAPP. Table 2-3 summarizes sample containers, holding times, and preservation requirements.

EBs will be collected to monitor cleanliness of sampling equipment and the effectiveness of decontamination procedures. Contamination from the sampling equipment can bias the analytical results high. EBs will be prepared by filling sample containers with laboratory-grade analyte-free water that has been passed through a decontaminated or unused disposable sampling device (see FSP Appendix A for the FOP on equipment decontamination). The required QC limits for EB concentrations are to be less than the method’s RL. Composite EBs will be sampled at a frequency of one for every 20 field samples from every nondedicated piece of sampling equipment. The results from the EBs will be assessed for bias resulting from contamination. If bias is present, the usability of the associated analytical results will be further assessed and qualified, as appropriate. EBs will only be analyzed in the event that nondedicated sampling equipment will be used.

Matrix spikes and matrix spike duplicates (MS/MSDs) will be used to assess the effects of sample matrix interference on the precision and accuracy of analyte recovery. MS/MSD pairs will be analyzed at a frequency of one pair for every 20 samples. QA/QC precision and accuracy criteria shall be those stated in the attached analytical SOPs.

Field duplicates are collected in the field from a single aliquot of samples to determine the precision and accuracy of the field team’s sampling procedures. Field duplicates will be collected and analyzed at a frequency of one duplicate for every 10 samples. The precision criteria for the duplicate samples will be + 20 percent for aqueous samples.

Volatile trip blanks (TBs) are used to detect VOC contamination during bottle shipment to the sampling site and subsequent sample handling and shipping. The laboratory will provide TB samples along with the bottle shipment. TBs will consist of a certified clean sample vial filled with contaminant-free laboratory water. The vials will contain no head space and be preserved with hydrogen chloride (HCl) to a pH less than 2. At a minimum, one volatile TB sample will be sent in each cooler containing VOCs.

The laboratory accuracy and precision control limits are those specified in the analytical SOPs found in Appendix A. The laboratory must follow the QC requirements located in the project-specific laboratory Scope of Work if they are more stringent than the analytical SOPs.

2.4.2 Data Precision, Accuracy, and Completeness Field QA/QC samples and laboratory internal QA/QC samples are collected and analyzed to assess the data’s usability, analytical SOPs, state acceptance criteria for precision, and accuracy requirements for these QC samples. The QA/QC criteria for the internal laboratory QC samples that are not referenced in the appropriate analytical SOPs shall be those stated


MKE\050810001

in the referenced methods. Completeness is the percentage of usable data obtained during the sampling event and its acceptance criteria is project specific.

2.4.2.1 Precision The precision of laboratory analysis will be assessed by comparing the analytical results between MS/MSDs. The precision of the field sampling procedures will be assessed by reviewing field duplicate sample results. The relative percent difference (RPD) will be calculated for the duplicate samples using the equation

%RPD = {(S - D)/[(S + D)/2]} × 100

where: S = First sample value (original value)

D = Second sample value (duplicate value)

The precision criteria for duplicate samples will be + 20 percent for aqueous samples. Sample results shall be qualified “J” as estimated in quantity when this QC limit is exceeded. The acceptable MS/MSD precision criteria are stated in the appropriate analytical SOPs.

2.4.2.2 Accuracy Accuracy of laboratory results will be assessed for compliance with the established QC criteria using the analytical results of method blanks, reagent/ preparation blanks, and MS/MSD samples. Laboratory results accuracy will be assessed for compliance with the established QC criteria described in the analytical SOPs. The percent recovery (%R) of laboratory control samples will be calculated using the equation

%R = (A/B) × 100

where: A = The analyte concentration determined experimentally from the laboratory control sample

B = The known amount of concentration in the sample

The accuracy criteria for the QA/QC samples are those stated in the appropriate analytical SOPs and laboratory Scope of Work.

2.4.2.3 Completeness The data completeness of laboratory analyses results will be assessed for compliance with the amount of data required for decision making. Complete data is data that is not rejected. Data with qualifiers such as “J” or “UJ” are still deemed acceptable and can still be used to make project decisions. The completeness of the analytical data is calculated using the following equation:

% Completeness = [(Valid data obtained)/(Total data planned)] × 100

The percent completeness goal for this sampling event is 90 percent.


MKE\050810001

2.4.2.4 Representativeness Representativeness is the degree that sampling data accurately and precisely represent site conditions, and is dependent on sampling and analytical variability and the variability of environmental media at the site. Representativeness is a qualitative “measure” of data quality.

The goal of achieving representative data in the field starts with a properly designed and executed sampling program that carefully considers the project’s overall DQOs. Proper location controls and sample handling are critical to obtaining representative samples.

The goal of achieving representative data in the laboratory is measured by assessing accuracy and precision. A laboratory will provide representative data when all of the analytical systems are in control. Therefore, representativeness is a redundant DQO for laboratory systems if proper analytical procedures are followed and holding times are met.

In addition, laboratories must demonstrate that the staff is qualified to perform the analyses, certified, and proficient in the analytical methods being employed.

2.4.2.5 Comparability Comparability is the degree of confidence that one data set can be compared to another. Comparability is a qualitative “measure” of data quality.

The goal of achieving comparable data in the field starts with a properly designed and executed sampling program that carefully considers the project’s overall DQOs. Proper location controls and sample handling are critical to obtaining comparable samples.

The goal of achieving comparable data in the laboratory is measured by assessing accuracy and precision. A laboratory will provide comparable data when all of the analytical systems are in control. Therefore, comparability is a redundant DQO for laboratory systems if proper analytical procedures are followed and holding times are met.

2.4.2.6 Sensitivity Sensitivity is defined as the ability of the method or instrument to detect the contaminant of concern and other target compounds at the level of interest. Appropriate sampling and analytical methods will be selected that have QC acceptance limits that support the achievement of established performance criteria. Assessing sensitivity will require thorough data validation.

2.5 Instrument/Equipment Testing, Inspection, and Maintenance Requirements

2.5.1 Field Instrument Maintenance 2.5.1.1 Equipment Monitoring The field equipment will be calibrated daily, checked for indications of poor performance, and the results documented. Any discrepancies will be immediately reported to the appropriate personnel for resolution.


MKE\050810001

The field team will maintain a sufficient supply of spare parts to minimize downtime. Whenever possible, backup instrumentation will be on hand. The field equipment will be maintained as stated in the equipment’s specific operating manuals. The field equipment to be used in taking field measurements includes:

• Organic vapor photoionization detector (PID) • DO, temperature, pH, conductivity, and ORP meters

2.5.2 Laboratory Equipment/Instruments Only qualified personnel will service instruments and equipment. Repairs, adjustments, and calibrations will be documented in the appropriate logbook or data sheet.

2.5.2.1 Instrument Maintenance Preventive maintenance of laboratory equipment will follow guidelines recommended by the manufacturer. A malfunctioning instrument will be repaired by in-house staff or through a service call to the manufacturer.

The laboratory will maintain a sufficient supply of spare parts for its instruments to minimize downtime. Whenever possible, backup instrumentation will be on hand.

Whenever practical, analytical equipment should be maintained under a service contract. Such contracts allow for preventative system maintenance and repair on an “as-needed” basis. The laboratory should have sufficient trained staff to allow for day-to-day equipment maintenance. All laboratory instruments will be maintained in accordance with manufacturer’s specifications and within the requirements of the laboratory Quality Assurance Manual.

All maintenance activities are required to be documented in the logbooks to provide a history of maintenance records.

2.5.2.2 Equipment Monitoring Operation of balances, ovens, refrigerators, and water purification systems will be checked daily and documented. Any discrepancies will be immediately reported to the appropriate laboratory personnel for resolution. Specific laboratory preventative maintenance procedures are found in the laboratory’s internal laboratory Quality Assurance Manual.

2.6 Instrument Calibration and Frequency 2.6.1 Field Instruments Calibration of field instruments, as specified by the FOPs (see FSP, Appendix A), will be performed at the intervals specified by the manufacturer or more frequently as conditions dictate. In the event that an internally calibrated field instrument fails to meet calibration/checkout procedures, the vendor will replace it and return it to the manufacturer for service.


MKE\050810001

2.6.2 Laboratory Instruments Calibration procedures for laboratory equipment will be as specified in the Analytical SOPs. The designated laboratory personnel performing QC activities will maintain and file records of calibration, repairs, or replacement. These records will be filed where the work is performed and subject to a QA audit.

All standards used in equipment will be traceable, directly or indirectly, to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). All standards received will be logged into standard receipt logs maintained by the individual analytical groups. Each group maintains a standards log that tracks the preparation of standards used for calibration and QC purposes.

2.7 Inspection/Acceptance Requirements for Supplies and Consumables

It is expected that several contractors will provide various services under multiple project tasks. The required services must meet the task scope, specified levels of quality, and the submittal schedule. Project contractors or vendors should have contractual arrangements with their material suppliers.

2.8 Non-Direct Measurements This subsection describes the identity of the types of data needed for project implementation and decision making not obtained from direct measurements.

The project objectives are first identified, to assess what types of information are needed to implement a project plan to meet the proposed objectives summarized in Section 1. Typically, the data needed to achieve the project objectives include site maps, sampling location selection and sample identifiers, laboratory method selection and detection limit verification, analytical parameter lists and critical values, field measurement lists, and a project schedule. This information is included in this QAPP.

The sampling design and rationale of the LTRA sampling activities are based upon previously collected data. Site maps and other site characterization data were used in the selection of monitoring well locations.

2.9 Data Management Plan This DMP outlines the procedures for storing, handling, accessing, and securing data collected during this sampling event. Data gathered during this sampling event will be consolidated and compiled into a project database system that can be used to evaluate site conditions and data trends. This DMP will serve as a guide for all database users. The DMP is subject to future revision to allow the database management system to be modified as it is developed and maintained. This plan describes the following:

• Responsibilities of the project team for data management


MKE\050810001

• Data management system (DMS) to be established for the project

• Development of the base maps onto which the data will be plotted

• Types of data that will be entered into the DMS and the process of data entry

2.9.1 Team Organization and Responsibilities The following are the team members and their responsibilities for the data management process:

Site Manager—Responsible for establishing the sample tracking system.

Project Chemist—Responsible for providing weekly the COC forms and other sampling information to the SM for use in sample tracking. Oversees proper use of the Forms II Lite EPA system and accuracy of the information entered. Reviews laboratory data for accuracy and quality, and compares electronic outputs for accuracy to laboratory hard copies. Conducts tracking of samples, forwards tracking information and received data to the database manager, and identifies the data inputs (e.g., sample numbers) to use in generating tables and plots.

Database Manager—Responsible for setting up DMS in consultation with the project chemist at the beginning of the data evaluation task. Also oversees the data management process including data conversion/manual entry into DMS, QC of the entered data, and preparation of the required tables and plots of the data. Coordinates with the person responsible for reviewing the entered data for QC purposes. Forwards all deliverables to the SM.

2.9.2 Sample Tracking The project chemist is responsible for tracking samples to ensure that the analytical results for all samples sent for analysis are received. Copies of the COCs from the field team are used to enter sample IDs, collection date, and analyses. Upon receipt of a sample receipt notice from the laboratory, the date received by the laboratory and a date the hard copy is due will be entered. Likewise, upon receipt of the hard copy and EDD, the date they were received will also be entered. The EDDs will be uploaded when received from the laboratory, and will be tracked in the sample tracking table. Validation qualifiers will be added to the database and results qualified accordingly.

2.9.3 Data Types Activities performed at the site will involve accessing a number of different types of data collected or retained for various uses. The following provides a general description of the overall contents of the project database, as based upon available data and the data to be collected.

2.9.3.1 Historical Data Sources of historical data for the site include information collected by USEPA, WDNR, and RMT to characterize site conditions. This information includes both chemical and physical data for the site collected from previous OEP site activities.


MKE\050810001

2.9.3.2 Site Characterization Data The QAPP, of which this DMP is a part, identifies additional data to be collected for further site characterization. Natural attenuation parameters along with VOCs will be collected during the Enhanced Attenuation Study Plan include:

• Groundwater level measurements

• Groundwater field parameter measurements

• Monitoring analyte concentrations

These data will be added to the project database as they become available. The data will include new data collected in the field and laboratory and reviewed by CH2M HILL. The data source will be noted in the database. Procedures for incorporating the data into the database are presented in subsequent sections of this DMP.

2.9.4 Data Tracking and Management Every data set received from analytical laboratories will be tracked individually as discussed in Section 2.9.2 of this QAPP.

2.9.4.1 Hard Copy Measurements made during field data collection activities will be recorded in field logbooks. Field data will be reduced and summarized, tabulated, and stored along with the field logbooks.

All raw analytical laboratory data will be stored as the original hard copy. Hard copy information includes COC forms, analytical bench sheets, instrument printouts and chromatograms, certificates of analyses, and QA/QC report summaries. Validation reports will be stored with the hard copy reports.

2.9.4.2 Data Input Procedures Sampling information, analytical results, applicable QA/QC data, data validation qualifiers, and other field-related information will be entered into the project database for storage and retrieval during data evaluation and report development. The analytical data will be loaded into the database using EDD files received from the analytical laboratory. Validation qualifiers will be entered manually into the database. Printing validated data reports from the database and manually comparing them to the validated summary analytical forms received from the USEPA validators will confirm correct data entry. Other available field-related data collected, such as water levels, newly installed well information, etc., will be manually entered onto standard EDD templates for loading into the database and for QC after loading.

Historical data, either in hard copy or electronic form, will be manually entered onto or formatted to standard EDD templates for database loading. Entering other field-related data, as well as historical site data, will be confirmed by comparing the hard copy printouts from the database against the hard copies used to perform the data entry. All data entry confirmation procedures and results will be documented.


MKE\050810001

2.9.5 Computer Database The technical data, field observations, laboratory analytical results and analytical data validation will be managed using EQuIS®, a third-party database system by Earthsoft, Inc. that is currently used by portions of USEPA Region 5 to store and analyze project data submissions. The core EQuIS® applications are the Chemistry and Geology modules, each of which is associated with its own underlying Microsoft Access® database. CH2M HILL currently owns licenses for the Geology and Chemistry modules. The EQuIS® database system is based on a relational model, in which independent tables, each containing a certain type or entity of data, can be linked through selected fields that are common to two or more tables. This database design allows for the inclusion of historical data, and allows users to effectively conduct trend analysis and generate a variety of data reports to aid in data interpretation.

The database must be protected from unauthorized access, tampering, accidental deletions or additions, and data or program loss that can result from power outages or hardware failure. The following procedures will be adopted to ensure this protection:

• The master database will be stored on a network file server local to the installation of the EQuIS® DMS. Members of the data management team involved in loading, modifying, or querying the database will be given access through EQuIS® user accounts and passwords, as well as the appropriate network server permissions.

• Copies of the master database will be stored on the local area network (LAN) file server for access by project staff through reporting tools developed to minimize possible database corruption by users. Whenever the master database is updated or modified, it will be recopied to the LAN to ensure that the current copy is available to users.

• Daily backups of the master database and its copies will be made to ensure that the data will not be lost due to problems with the network.

2.9.6 Documentation Documentation of data management activities is critical because it provides:

• A hard copy record of project data management activities

• Reference information critical for database users

• Evidence that the activities have been properly planned, executed, and verified

• Continuity of data management operations when personnel changes occur

This DMP will serve as the initial general documentation of the project data management efforts. Additional documentation will also be maintained to document specific issues, such as database structure definitions, database inventories, database maintenance, user requests, database issues and problems, and client contact.

2.9.7 Evidence File The final evidence file will be the central repository for all documents that constitute evidence relevant to sampling and analysis activities. CH2M HILL is the custodian of the


MKE\050810001

evidence file and maintains the contents of the evidence files for the project, including all relevant records, reports, logs, field notebooks, pictures, contractor reports, and data reviews in a secured area with limited access.

CH2M HILL will keep all records until project completion and closeout. As necessary, records may be transferred to an offsite records storage facility. The records storage facility must provide secure, controlled access records storage. Records of raw analytical laboratory data, QA data, and reports will be kept by the subcontract laboratory for at least 7 years.

2.9.8 Presentation of Site Characterization Data Depending on the data user needs, data presentation may consist of any of the following formats:

• Tabulated results of data summaries or raw data

• Figures showing concentration isopleths or location-specific concentrations

• Tables providing statistical evaluation or calculation results

• Presentation tools, such as ARCINFO or similar analysis/ presentation aids

In addition to laboratory data, other physical data will be collected during field efforts, including (but not limited to) water level measurements. This information will be stored in the project database. Other types of data elements may be added as the field investigation needs and activities evolve.

2.9.9 Evaluation of Natural Attenuation Monitoring Data Data evaluation methods as presented by Pope et. al. (2004) will be used for natural attenuation monitoring data and include:

• Determining temporal and spatial trends in contaminant concentrations or mass

• Comparing observed contaminant concentrations with previous predictions or established milestones

• Comparing contaminant concentrations in areas outside of previous plume boundaries with specified action levels

The results of the data evaluation will be documented in a summary report on an annual basis in accordance with Pope et. al. (2004) and WDNR (2003). Representative spatial and trend plots will be included in the report. The list of wells to be sampled and the parameters analyzed at each well will be reevaluated each year based on previous data collected. Following collection of sufficient data (several monitoring rounds), recommendations for MNA or possibly enhanced attenuation can be made.


MKE\050810001

SECTION 3

Assessment/Oversight

3.1 Assessments and Response Actions Field and laboratory assessments will be performed to assess technical and procedural compliance with this QAPP. Performance and system audits are key to ensuring this compliance. The purposes of the audits are to:

• Confirm that appropriate documents are properly completed and kept current and orderly

• Ensure measurement systems are accurate

• Identify nonconformance or deficiencies and to initiate necessary corrective actions

• Verify that field and laboratory QA procedures called for in this QAPP are properly followed and executed

The SM and the laboratory QAM are responsible for ensuring conformance with analytical SOPs and FOPs (FSP, Appendix A). Activities selected for audit will be evaluated against specified requirements, and the audit will include an evaluation of the method, procedures, and instructions. Documents and records will be examined as necessary to evaluate whether the QA program is effective and properly implemented. Reports and recommendations must be prepared on all audits and submitted to the QAM for retention in the project files.

3.1.1 Field Audits Planning, scheduling, and conducting QA audits and surveillance are required to verify that site activities are being performed efficiently in conformance with approved plans, standards, federal and state regulatory requirements, sound scientific practices, and contractual requirements. Planned and scheduled audits may be performed to verify compliance with aspects of the QA program and to evaluate the effectiveness of the QA program. Audits include:

• Objective examination of work areas, activities, and processes

• Review of documents and records

• Interviews with project personnel

• Review of plans and standards

The FTL will regularly conduct internal review of the sampling program during the investigation and pay particular attention to the sampling program with respect to representativeness, comparability, and completeness of the specific measurement parameters involved.


MKE\050810001

The FTL or a designee will review field documentation (e.g., COC forms, field daily sheets, and logbooks) as it is generated for accuracy, completeness, and compliance with QAPP requirements. The FTL will also periodically audit field sampling procedures for compliance with QAPP procedures. The auditor will check that:

• Sampling protocols are followed

• Samples are placed in proper containers

• Samples are stored and transported properly

• Field documentation is completed

USEPA or WDNR hold the right to perform field audits during sampling activities.

3.1.1.1 Field Corrective Action Any project team member may initiate a field corrective action process, which consists of identifying a problem, acting to eliminate the problem, monitoring the effectiveness of the corrective action, verifying that the problem has been eliminated, and documenting the corrective action.

Corrective actions include correcting COC forms, problems associated with sample collection, packaging, shipping, field record keeping, or additional training in sampling and analysis. Additional approaches may include resampling or evaluating and amending sampling procedures. The FTL will summarize the problem, establish possible causes, and designate the person responsible for a corrective action. The FTL will verify that the initial action has been taken and appears effective, as well as follow up to verify that the problem has been resolved.

Technical staff and project personnel will be responsible for reporting suspected technical or QA nonconformances or suspected deficiencies by reporting the situation to the FTL. The FTL will be responsible for assessing suspected problems in consultation with the QAM and the SM, and make a decision based on the situation’s potential to impact data quality. If it is determined that the situation warrants a reportable nonconformance requiring corrective action, the FTL will initiate a nonconformance report.

The FTL will be responsible for ensuring that corrective actions for nonconformances are initiated by:

• Evaluating all reported nonconformances

• Controlling additional work on nonconforming items

• Determining disposition or action to be taken

• Maintaining a log of nonconformances

• Reviewing nonconformance reports and corrective actions taken

• Ensuring nonconformance reports are included in the final documentation in the project files


MKE\050810001

3.1.2 Laboratory Audits The laboratory QAM may conduct internal system audits, which are qualitative evaluations of all components of the laboratory QC measurement system. The audit serves to determine if all measurement systems are used appropriately. The system audits are conducted to evaluate the following:

• Sample handling procedures

• Calibration procedures

• Analytical procedures

• QC results

• Safety procedures

• Record keeping procedures

• Timeliness of analysis and reporting.

In addition, laboratories are subject to external audits, which focus on assessing general laboratory practices and conformance to this QAPP. Laboratory audits may be performed prior to the start of analyses and at any time during the course of the project as deemed necessary.

The laboratory QAM will review internal laboratory performance. The laboratory QAM will evaluate laboratory precision and accuracy by comparing results of duplicate samples, QC samples, spikes, and blanks. The Laboratory QAM or other client services individual will check the analytical prior to distribution when a beyond-control-limit situation is encountered.

External laboratory performance reviews may also be conducted based on evaluating the results of check samples analyzed as part of the USEPA and/or state certification requirements. In addition, performance audits may be conducted by sending “double-blind” performance evaluation (PE) samples (those that are not discernable from routine field samples) to the analytical laboratory. USEPA Region 5 or WDNR may conduct external audits.

3.1.2.1 Laboratory Corrective Action Corrective actions may be required for two classes of problems: analytical/ equipment problems and noncompliance problems. Analytical/ equipment problems may occur during sampling, sample handling, sample preparation, laboratory instrumental analysis, or data review.

A corrective action program will be determined and implemented when a noncompliance problem is identified. The person identifying the problem will be responsible for notifying the proper project member. If the problem is analytical in nature, information on these problems will be communicated to the laboratory QAM and the QAM, who will in turn direct information to proper project members. Implementation of corrective action will be confirmed through similar channels.


MKE\050810001

Implementation of all corrective actions will be documented. No staff member will initiate corrective action without prior communication of the action needing correction and the proposed corrective action through the proper channels. If corrective actions are insufficient, the SM or the QAM may issue a stop work order.

Corrective actions are required whenever an actual or potential out-of-control event is noted. The specific investigative action taken will depend on the analysis and the event in question. Laboratory personnel are alerted that corrective action may be necessary if:

• QC data are outside the warning or acceptable windows for precision and accuracy

• Blanks contain target analytes above acceptable levels

• Undesirable trends are detected in spike recoveries or RPD between duplicates

• Unusual changes in detection limits occur

• Inquiries concerning data quality are received

• Deficiencies are detected by the laboratory QAM during internal or external audits or from results of PE samples

Corrective action procedures are often handled at the bench level by the analyst, who reviews preparation and/or extraction procedures for possible errors, checks instrument calibrations, spike and calibration mixes, and instrument sensitivity. If problems persist, or cannot be identified, matters are referred to the laboratory supervisor, laboratory project manager, or laboratory QAM for further investigation. Once resolved, full documentation of the corrective action procedures will be filed with the laboratory QAM after approval by CH2M HILL. Corrective action may include:

• Resampling and analyzing

• Evaluating and amending sampling procedures

• Evaluating and amending analytical procedures

• Accepting data and acknowledging the level of uncertainty

• Reanalyzing the samples, if sample or extract volume is adequate and holding time criteria permit

If resampling is deemed necessary due to laboratory problems, the SM must identify the appropriate course of action to be taken, including potential cost recovery from the laboratory for the additional sampling effort.

3.2 Reports to Management In addition to the audit reports that may be submitted to the SM in accordance with this QAPP, a monthly progress report is prepared by the SM, addressing all QA issues and corrective actions proposed or already taken to be submitted to the USEPA WAM and WDNR. In addition, after the sample results have been received from the laboratory, and they have been evaluated, reduced, and tabulated, a data evaluation report will be submitted to USEPA and WDNR that documents the field investigation.


MKE\050810001

SECTION 4

Data Validation and Usability

4.1 Data Review, Verification, and Validation Data validation is the process by which data generated in support of a project are reviewed against the data QA/QC requirements. The data are evaluated for precision and accuracy against the analytical protocol requirements. Nonconformance or deficiencies that could affect the precision or accuracy of the reported result are identified and noted. The effect on the result is then considered when assessing whether the result is sufficient to achieve DQOs.

Deficiencies discovered as a result of data validation, as well as corrective actions implemented in response, will be documented and submitted in the form of a written report with supporting documentation supplied as check sheets. USEPA Functional Guidelines will be used as guidance on data validation procedures. QC requirements specified in the Analytical SOPs shall take precedence over the Functional Guidelines requirements when listed.

4.2 Validation and Verification Methods The data validation process is conducted to assess the effect of the overall sampling and analysis process on the usability of the data. There are two areas of review: laboratory performance evaluation and the effect of matrix and sampling interference. The laboratory performance evaluation is a check for compliance with the method requirements and a straightforward examination. The laboratory either did or did not analyze the samples within the QC limits of the analytical method and according to protocol requirements. The assessment of potential matrix and sampling affects consists of a QC evaluation of the analytical results; the results of testing blank, duplicate, and matrix spike samples; and then assessing how, if at all, this could affect the usability of the data.

All analytical data will be supported by a data package. The data package will contain the supporting QC data for the associated field samples (see Section 1.7 of this QAPP for the data package content requirements). Before the laboratory will release each data package, the laboratory QAM (or the analytical section supervisor) must carefully review the sample and laboratory performance QC data to verify sample identity, the completeness and accuracy of the sample and QC data, and compliance with method specifications.

USEPA will perform data validation for laboratory-generated data for compliance monitoring samples. CH2M HILL will perform data validation for laboratory-generated data for natural attenuation monitoring samples in a manner consistent with USEPA’s Contract Laboratory Program National Functional Guidelines for Organic and Inorganic Data Review. Sample results will then be assigned a degree of usability based upon overall data quality.

The CH2M HILL project team will evaluate the data validation results. This evaluation will assess how the data, as qualified by the data validation, can be used on the project.


MKE\050810001

The data, after validation, will also be verified to assess if the correct samples were analyzed and the correct parameters were reported. The data is also verified to assess if the EDDs and the hard copy data deliverables are consistent with one another to assure an accurate database. Also, the data will be looked at in such a way as to see if the results make sense in comparison to what is anticipated. If the data is consistent with anticipated results, no corrective action will be deemed necessary. However, if the data obtained from the laboratory is not consistent with the anticipated results, a more in-depth evaluation of the results may be necessary to interpret the deviation.

4.3 Reconciliation with Data Quality Objectives The final activity of the data validation process is to assess whether or not the data fulfilled the planned objectives for the project. The final results, as adjusted for the findings of any data validation/ data evaluation, will be checked against the DQOs. The data acquired from the additional site investigation should fulfill the following project objective to evaluate groundwater data to determine whether materials should be added to the subsurface to enhance degradation of organic contaminants existing in groundwater at and downgradient from the site.

The data collected from the LTRA will be evaluated to assess if the above project objectives have been met. The above question will be answered assuming all scheduled samples and data readings documented in this QAPP are obtainable, and all of the data is deemed useable after sufficient validation and evaluation. If this question is not answered, future data collection will be required and implemented accordingly. If the data, after validation and evaluation, are sufficient to achieve project objectives, the QAM and SM will release the data and work may proceed.


MKE\050810001

SECTION 5

References

Ebasco Services, Inc. 1990. Final Remedial Investigation Report at Oconomowoc Electroplating Company Site, Ashippun, Wisconsin. March 23, 1990.

Pope, D.F., S.D. Acree, H. Levine, S. Mangion, J. van Ee, K. Hurt, and B. Wilson. 2004. Performance Monitoring of MNA Remedies for VOCs in Ground Water. EPA/600/R-04/027.

RMT Inc. 2004. Hydrogeologic Investigation and Groundwater Extraction System Evaluation, Former Oconomowoc Electroplating Company, Inc., Ashippun, Wisconsin.

CH2M HILL. 2005. Field Sampling Plan, Oconomowoc Electroplating, Oconomowoc, Wisconsin.

Appendix A Analytical Standard Operating Procedures

The analytical standard operating procedures will be inserted after procurement of a laboratory is completed.

Appendix B Chain-of-Custody and Sample Tag

Field Sampling Plan (FSP)

DRAFT FIELD SAMPLING PLAN



March 2005

MKE\050770002 III

Contents

Acronyms and Abbreviations ..........................................................................................................v

1. Introduction ...............................................................................................................................1-1 1.1 Site Setting.........................................................................................................................1-1 1.2 Plant History and Operations.........................................................................................1-2 1.3 Previous Investigations and Remediation....................................................................1-2 1.4 Geologic and Hydrogeologic Settings...........................................................................1-4

1.4.1 Geology.................................................................................................................1-4 1.4.2 Hydrogeology......................................................................................................1-4

1.5 Potential Receptors...........................................................................................................1-5 1.6 Recent Chemical Characteristics ....................................................................................1-6 1.7 Project Approach and Objectives...................................................................................1-6

2. Groundwater Monitoring Methodology ..............................................................................2-1 2.1 Sample Locations..............................................................................................................2-1

2.1.1 Compliance Monitoring .....................................................................................2-1 2.1.2 Natural Attenuation............................................................................................2-5

2.2 Analytical Program and Sampling Frequency.............................................................2-5 2.2.1 Compliance Monitoring .....................................................................................2-5 2.2.2 Natural Attenuation Monitoring ......................................................................2-5 2.2.3 Sampling Approach ............................................................................................2-6

3. Field Investigation Program ...................................................................................................3-1 3.1 Objectives ..........................................................................................................................3-1 3.2 Tasks...................................................................................................................................3-1 3.3 Field Operations and Procedures ..................................................................................3-1

3.3.1 Site Reconnaissance ............................................................................................3-2 3.3.2 Mobilization .........................................................................................................3-2 3.3.3 Groundwater/Surface Water Investigation ....................................................3-2 3.3.4 Demobilization ....................................................................................................3-3

4. General Field Operations ........................................................................................................4-1 4.1 Sample Management .......................................................................................................4-1

4.1.1 Sample Identification..........................................................................................4-1 4.1.2 Sample Containers ..............................................................................................4-1 4.1.3 Sample Preservation and Holding Times ........................................................4-2 4.1.4 Sample Handling, Packaging and Shipment...................................................4-3

4.2 Field Activity Documentation and Logbook................................................................4-3 4.2.1 Field Logbook ......................................................................................................4-3 4.2.2 Sample Chain-of-Custody..................................................................................4-3

4.3 Field Parameter Documentation ....................................................................................4-4 4.4 Quality Control Sample Procedures..............................................................................4-4

4.4.1 Decontamination .................................................................................................4-4 4.4.2 Field Duplicates...................................................................................................4-4

FIELD SAMPLING PLAN

IV MKE\050770002

4.4.3 Equipment Blanks............................................................................................... 4-5 4.4.4 Trip Blanks........................................................................................................... 4-5 4.4.5 Matrix Spike/Matrix Spike Duplicate ............................................................. 4-5 4.4.6 Temperature Blanks ........................................................................................... 4-5

4.5 Disposal of Investigation Derived Wastes ................................................................... 4-6 4.6 Field Monitoring Instrumentation ................................................................................ 4-6 4.7 Additional Field Operations .......................................................................................... 4-6

5. References .................................................................................................................................. 5-1

Appendix

A Field Operating Procedures

Tables

1 Monitoring Program Locations......................................................................................... 2-3 2 Site Analytes and Field Parameters—Natural Attenuation Monitoring..................... 2-6 3 Sample Containers, Preservations, and Holding Times................................................ 4-2 Figures

1 Existing Conditions Map 2 Conceptual Depiction of Site Aquifer Units and Well Placement 3 Compliance Monitoring Locations 4 Natural Attenuation Monitoring Locations

MKE\050770002 V

Acronyms and Abbreviations

1,1-DCA 1,1-dichloroethane 1,1-DCE 1,1-dichloroethene 1,1,1-TCA 1,1,1-trichloroethane

ARAR applicable or relevant and appropriate requirements

cis-1,2-DCE cis-1,2-dichloroethene COC chain-of-custody CRL Central Regional Laboratory CVOC chlorinated volatile organic compound

DE Disposable equipment DO dissolved oxygen DQO data quality objective

FOP Field Operating Procedure FORMS Field Operations Reporting Management System FSP Field Sampling Plan FTL Field Team Leader

HASP Health and Safety Plan

IDW investigation derived waste

LOD limit of detection

MNA monitored natural attenuation MS/MSD matrix spike/matrix spike duplicate MTBE methyl tert butyl ether

NAPL nonaqueous phase liquid NEIC National Enforcement Investigations Center NPL National Priorities List

OEP Oconomowoc Electroplating ORP oxidation-reduction potential OU operable unit

PAL Preventative Action Limit PID photoionization detector PPE personal protective equipment

QA/QC quality assurance/quality control

RI/FS Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study ROD Record of Decision

SMO Sample Management Office

FIELD SAMPLING PLAN

VI MKE\050770002

TCE trichloroethene

USACE United States Army Corps of Engineers

VOC volatile organic compound

WDNR Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources WGNHS Wisconsin Geologic and Natural History Survey

MKE\050770002 1-1

SECTION 1

Introduction

This Field Sampling Plan (FSP) defines the procedures that will be used to complete groundwater sampling at the former Oconomowoc Electroplating (OEP) site in accordance with the Statement of Work dated May 17, 2004 for Work Assignment No. 236-RALR-05M8, Contract No. 68-W6-0025.

For 8 years, a groundwater extraction system operated at the OEP site located in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin. This extraction system substantially lowered the concentration of metals and chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) in groundwater. In the summer of 2002, metals were at low enough concentrations that the WDNR and USEPA agreed to discontinue active groundwater metals treatment. The extraction system was shut down in July 2004 because groundwater CVOC concentrations from the extraction wells were no longer decreasing with continued operation or were decreasing at a very small rate. Other source reduction activities performed previously at the site included the removal of the former lagoon sediment and sludge, contaminated soil, and contaminated sediment in the wetlands around Davy Creek.

For the remaining groundwater concentrations of CVOCs, natural attenuation (NA) processes are being monitored and evaluated at the site and at downgradient locations. In October 2004, groundwater samples were collected from a subset of existing wells at OEP. The data support that NA of CVOCs is occurring at downgradient portions of the plume. In spite of the groundwater treatment system shutdown, October 2004 data indicate that concentrations similar to those measured in the previous sampling round of April 2003, when the system was in operation, are present. This suggests that the CVOC plume is currently stable.

The purpose of the groundwater and surface water sampling presented in this FSP is two-fold, including the collection of groundwater samples (1) for the evaluation of natural attenuation as a stand alone remedy and (2) for compliance with state and federal drinking water regulations. Also presented in this FSP is a brief discussion of the installation of a nested pair of “sentinel wells” and the replacement of two staff gauges in Davy Creek. The sentinel wells will be installed further downgradient than any existing monitoring wells. These wells, once installed, will serve as downgradient monitoring points. The staff gauge replacement will aid in the monitoring of levels along Davy Creek, allowing for greater understanding of surface water/groundwater interaction.

1.1 Site Setting The 10-acre study area comprises the former 4-acre OEP site (bounded by Elm, Oak, and Eva Streets, and Town of Ashippun buildings) located at 2572 Oak Street in Ashippun, Wisconsin, and 6 acres of a wet, low-lying area located adjacent to the southwest portion of the former site (Figure 1). This low-lying area is referred to in this plan as a wetland area similar to previous project documents.

FIELD SAMPLING PLAN

1-2 MKE\050770002

Due to the proximity of Ashippun to Oconomowoc, Wisconsin, the names of the township and the city are often interchanged. This document will refer to the project location as Oconomowoc, Wisconsin.

The site is in southeastern Wisconsin in Dodge County, roughly 40 miles west-northwest of Milwaukee. The site is located in the northwest quarter of the southeast quarter of Section 30 Township 9 North, Range 17 East. Nearby surface water bodies include Davy Creek, located a few hundred feet to the southwest of the site, and Rock River, located about 1 mile west of the site. The site slopes gently toward Davy Creek to the southwest. Landscaped linear berms bound the site at its northwestern, northeastern, and southeastern perimeters, with rough heights above the surrounding ground surface that generally range from 3 to 4 feet. The former OEP buildings have been demolished at the site. The groundwater treatment plant building is present in the northeast portion of the site.

1.2 Plant History and Operations Various onsite metal cleaning and electroplating processes that used chlorinated solvents, cyanide, chromium, cadmium, copper, nickel, tin, and zinc were performed at OEP since operation began in 1957. Chromate conversion, coating, and anodizing were also used as part of the finishing processes. Degreasing operations were performed at the site, however the constituents used in these operations were not documented (Ebasco 1990).

Wastes generated as a byproduct of these processes were discharged into low areas on the east side of the site, wastewater lagoons on the southwest side of the site, and the wetland area and Davy Creek to the south of the site (Figure 1). These waste disposal practices led to the widespread contamination of soil, sediment, and groundwater across the site (RMT 2004).

OEP ceased operation in 1990 due to financial hardship. Buildings at the site were demolished and removed in May 1992.

1.3 Previous Investigations and Remediation A USEPA Field Investigation Team (FIT) performed a preliminary assessment of the OEP site in 1983. As a result of this preliminary assessment, the site was placed on the National Priorities List (NPL) (Ebasco 1990). The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) and Wisconsin Geologic and Natural History Survey (WGNHS) conducted preliminary groundwater sampling efforts at the site from 1983 to 1987. The results of this sampling showed that chlorinated solvents (primarily trichloroethene [TCE] and 1,1,1-trichloroethane and their associated degradation products) and metals were detected in groundwater (RMT 2004).

USEPA, in consultation with the WDNR, conducted a Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study (RI/FS) at the site from April 1987 to September 1990. The RI determined that, as a result of hazardous waste disposal at the electroplating site, various chemical contaminants had leached into the shallow groundwater, which in turn flows mostly toward Davy Creek. Soils were contaminated with organic chemicals and metals. The concentrations of chemicals found in the groundwater and soils were found to present

1—INTRODUCTION

MKE\050770002 1-3

unacceptable potential risk levels to human and/or environmental receptors based on a baseline risk assessment (Ebasco 1990). For the purposes of the FS, the site was divided into the following four operable units (OUs): OU-1—the lagoons, OU-2—the contaminated soil, OU-3—the contaminated groundwater, and OU-4—the Davy Creek wetland area sediment.

USEPA issued a Record of Decision (ROD) in 1990 that declared remedies for each OU. These remedies include:

• OU-1—the excavation and disposal of lagoon sludge and surrounding soils

• OU-2—the excavation and disposal of nonlagoon contaminated soils and debris (including an abandoned electroplating building)

• OU-3—the extraction and treatment of groundwater to state groundwater quality standards

• OU-4—the excavation and disposal of metals-contaminated sediments offsite from the wetland area adjacent to Davy Creek

Remedial actions for OU-1 (removal of 650 cubic yards [cy] of lagoon sludge/soil), OU-2 (removal of 700 cy of soil), and OU-4 (removal of 6,000 cy of creek sediment) have been completed in accordance with the approved remedial design. In 1996, USEPA constructed a treatment system to treat groundwater extracted by five wells (Figure 1). This system is operated on behalf of the USEPA by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). Although pumping and treating the groundwater has substantially lowered the concentration of contaminants, the rate of concentration decrease has leveled off. The extraction system was shut down in July 2004 because groundwater concentrations from the extraction wells were no longer decreasing with continued operation or were decreasing at a very small rate.

A subsequent study conducted by RMT Inc. of Madison, Wisconsin, (on behalf of the WDNR) utilized both ground/surface water sampling and three-dimensional groundwater flow and contaminant transport modeling to evaluate the effectiveness of the groundwater treatment system. The results of the study were documented by RMT (RMT 2004) and are not included in this report. Groundwater sampling was performed in April 2003 during apparent groundwater extraction system operation. However, the system was temporarily turned off in July 2003 to collect water level measurements.

RMT (RMT 2004) evaluated historical trends of several monitoring and extraction wells and noted decreasing concentrations of TCE and vinyl chloride. Modeling, performed by RMT to evaluate the effectiveness of the pump and treat system, suggested that a possible reason for the stabilized concentrations in groundwater was the presence of nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) that remained sorbed to the organic material deposited within soil. Additional modeling indicated that further extraction of groundwater would not reduce the time to reach the regulatory target concentrations. As a result, the treatment plant was shut down in July 2004. Shutdown details are found in the Groundwater Treatment Facility Shutdown Plan (CH2M HILL 2004).

FIELD SAMPLING PLAN

1-4 MKE\050770002

1.4 Geologic and Hydrogeologic Settings The geologic and hydrogeologic settings summarized below are discussed both in terms of regional conditions and those encountered during investigations for the site as documented in previous reports (RMT 2004).

1.4.1 Geology The OEP site is located in Dodge County in southeastern Wisconsin. The regional geology beneath the site is comprised of unconsolidated Quaternary- and/or Holocene-aged deposits underlain by a succession of Precambrian and Paleozoic bedrock units. Precambrian crystalline basement rock is overlain by Cambrian sandstone and Ordovician dolomite, sandstone, and shale. Silurian dolomite is present in some locations of Dodge County, but not beneath the OEP site. The Paleozoic units (Cambrian, Ordovician, and Silurian) are all sedimentary in their origins, and they generally dip to the east and southeast. Due to the thickness and great depth of the Precambrian and Cambrian units, only the uppermost bedrock (Ordovician-aged) and unconsolidated deposits are discussed in greater detail.

The Ordovician bedrock units, from oldest to youngest, are composed of the Prairie du Chien Group, St. Peter Sandstone, Galena-Platteville Unit, and Maquoketa Shale. The Prairie du Chien Group and the Galena-Platteville Unit primarily consist of dolomite, but they also contain some sandstone, sandy dolomite, and shaly dolomite. The St. Peter Sandstone is predominantly a fine– to medium-grained sandstone, but it is dolomitic and shaly in some locations. The Maquoketa Shale is primarily dolomitic shale, but it is dolomite in some locations. A dolomite portion of the Maquoketa Shale lies directly beneath the site. Rock cores collected from the Maquoketa shale that underlie the site indicated both distinct zones with heavy amounts of fracturing and zones with little fracturing. A preglacial and glacial erosional surface unconformity separates the Ordovician bedrock surface from the overlying unconsolidated deposits.

The unconsolidated deposits beneath the site range in thickness from 28 feet beneath the former OEP site to 55 feet at the southwestern edge of the site (RMT 2004). Silt and clay fill is sporadically present in the upper 4 to 10 feet of unconsolidated material at several locations at and in the vicinity of the former OEP site.

The unconsolidated glacial material consists of gray-brown and yellow-brown sand, silty sand, and clay. The silt content in the glacial material varies from trace amounts to greater than 50 percent. Discontinuous lenses of silt and clay were observed to be present within the sands in several borings across the study area. Compacted clay up to 8 feet thick is present directly above the top of bedrock in some locations (RMT 2004).

1.4.2 Hydrogeology Dodge County has four major aquifers named here in order from shallowest to deepest: 1) the unconsolidated sand and gravel, 2) the Silurian dolomite, 3) the Galena-Plateville dolomite, and 4) the St. Peter Sandstone aquifers (Devaul, Harr, and Schiller 1983). Only two of these aquifers are present beneath the OEP site: the Galena-Platteville dolomite and the St. Peter Sandstone aquifers. Maquoketa shale, which sits above these bedrock aquifers and

1—INTRODUCTION

MKE\050770002 1-5

is the uppermost bedrock encountered at the site, is considered to be an aquitard unit on a regional basis. However, it does contain some dolomite layers that are capable of yielding sufficient quantities of water for residential use.

Groundwater is present in the unconsolidated silty sand that sits above the Maquoketa shale at the site, although it is not considered to be part of the regional sand and gravel aquifer due to its higher silt content. The water table in this unconfined water-bearing unit roughly parallels the ground surface topography (the groundwater is assumed to be under atmospheric pressure [Devaul, Harr, and Schiller 1983]).

Groundwater monitoring wells are installed at the site study area in the unconsolidated zone and in the upper bedrock. Nested wells are installed in the unconsolidated zone, with the shallow wells monitoring the upper portion of this unit and the deep wells monitoring the lower portion of this unit (Figure 2).

Groundwater levels were measured in the unconsolidated zone October 2004, over two months after the extraction system was shutdown. Because of the length of time that elapsed between system shutdown and the water level measurements, the data is believed to represent current natural flow conditions (that is, no influences from previous pumping at the site). The water table surface (shallow unconsolidated groundwater) measured in October 2004 indicates groundwater flow from the site is generally to the south toward the wetland area and Davy Creek, similar to previous investigations (RMT 2004). The depth to shallow groundwater ranges from 4 feet in wells closest to Davy Creek, and up to 10 feet at the west side of the site. Based on October 2004 data, groundwater in the deeper portions of the unconsolidated aquifer radiates to the southeast and southwest from the site.

Bedrock wells penetrate into areas of the water-bearing dolomite portions of the Maquoketa shale. In October 2004, bedrock well groundwater levels showed groundwater flow to be variable and may reflect the monitoring of discontinuous dolomite beds within the Maquoketa shale.

In general, vertical gradient calculations suggest downward groundwater flow near the site reversing to upward groundwater flow near Davy Creek between the shallow and deep portions of the unconsolidated aquifer. Measurements between the unconsolidated aquifer and bedrock aquifer suggest overall similar trends, however the magnitude of upward groundwater flow near Davy Creek and the wetlands appears to be less. This suggests that unconsolidated zone groundwater may discharge to Davy Creek.

1.5 Potential Receptors Potential human and ecological receptors for the OEP site’s groundwater include Davy Creek and its associated wetland area, private water supply wells, and residential structures. Davy Creek and its associated wetland area are likely connected to unconsolidated groundwater in the area.

Several water supply wells associated with private residences are located to the west and southwest of the site (Figure 1). These wells are screened in the Maquoketa shale and upper portions of the Galena-Platteville dolomite, and previous investigation has shown no detection of site contaminants (RMT 2004).

FIELD SAMPLING PLAN

1-6 MKE\050770002

1.6 Recent Chemical Characteristics The most recent investigation of groundwater quality at the OEP site was performed by CH2M HILL in October 2004 to evaluate natural attenuation processes occurring in unconsolidated zone groundwater at and downgradient of the site. During this investigation, groundwater samples were collected from 12 monitoring wells. Each sampling point was analyzed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), natural attenuation parameters, and field parameters. Detailed field and analytical results for this sampling event are presented in the Groundwater Management Plan dated March 2005.

In general, the distribution of parent products, TCE and 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA), in the shallow aquifer extends from the southern portion of the site generally south of Elm Street toward the wetland area, corresponding with the groundwater flow direction. The highest concentrations of TCE (240-2200 µg/L) were detected in the deep wells at MW-105D and MW-103D, respectively. The highest concentrations of degradation products (cis-1,2-chloroethene, vinyl chloride, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethene, and chloroethane) were observed near the apparent source area (MW-103 well nest) and at downgradient locations. In general, degradation products were detected further downgradient toward Davy Creek than parent products including those sampled wells (MW-13D and MW-16S) closest to Davy Creek. In spite of the groundwater treatment system shutdown, October 2004 data show similar concentrations as the previous sampling round in April 2003, when the system was in operation. This suggests that the CVOC plume is currently stable.

Based upon groundwater monitoring data for the shallow and deep unconsolidated zones performed in October 2004, parent products in groundwater (TCE and 1,1,1-TCA) are being degraded to degradation products by anaerobic reductive dehalogenation and other NA processes. Additionally, final and nontoxic degradation byproducts, ethene and ethane, were also detected at the site in October 2004.

For the October 2004 sampling event, federal Maximum Concentration Limits (MCLs) and Wisconsin Administrative Code (WAC) NR 140 Enforcement Standard (ES) exceedances were generally observed in the near source well nest (MW-103) or at generally downgradient well nests (shallow and deep locations) in the wetland adjacent to Davy Creek (MW-12, MW-13, MW-15, MW-16, and MW-105). The following compounds were detected at or above their respective ES: chloride, iron, manganese, sulfate, 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1-dichloroethene, cis-1,2-dichloroethene, TCE, and vinyl chloride.

1.7 Project Approach and Objectives There are two intended purposes to groundwater sampling for the project. The first purpose is to gather groundwater data at residential wells, monitoring wells located in the downgradient portions of the plume, and surface water samples to evaluate impacts to potential receptors and compliance with state and federal groundwater and surface water standards (that is, Compliance Monitoring). The second purpose is to collect groundwater data throughout the CVOC plume to assess natural attenuation as a sole remedy for the site (that is, Natural Attenuation Monitoring).

1—INTRODUCTION

MKE\050770002 1-7

Due to the different objectives of Compliance and Natural Attenuation monitoring, they are discussed separately in many of the following sections of this FSP.

The installation of a nested pair of sentinel wells will provide additional downgradient groundwater monitoring beyond Davy Creek. The replacement of two staff gauges along Davy Creek is intended to provide additional surface water elevation data, aiding in the improved understanding of groundwater/surface water interactions along Davy Creek.

MKE\050770002 2-1

SECTION 2

Groundwater Monitoring Methodology

This section presents sample locations, sample analysis, and frequency of sampling for groundwater monitoring for the project. The approach of groundwater monitoring for the project was based on the overall objective to gather data to evaluate impacts to potential receptors (Compliance Monitoring) and to evaluate natural attenuation as a stand-alone remedy (Natural Attenuation Monitoring).

The methodology for groundwater monitoring will provide data to:

• Verify current groundwater flow patterns and gradients (vertical and horizontal) in the shallow, deep, and bedrock portions

• Obtain surface water data to evaluate compliance with state standards (NR 105)

• Obtain private water supply data to evaluate compliance with federal and state standards (MCLs and NR 140)

• Obtain groundwater monitoring well data to evaluate the stability of the plume and compliance with federal and state standards (MCLs and NR 140)

• Obtain groundwater field parameter data useful in the assessment of natural attenuation capabilities

• Obtain analytical groundwater data for VOCs and geochemical parameters useful in the assessment of natural attenuation capabilities

2.1 Sample Locations Available sample locations for the project include private water supply wells, extraction wells, groundwater monitoring wells, drive point piezometers, and surface water (wetland and Davy Creek) (Figure 1). Sample locations for compliance and natural attenuation monitoring are discussed separately.

2.1.1 Compliance Monitoring For compliance sampling, sample locations were chosen to include 11 private water supply wells (within 250 feet of the site), 20 groundwater monitoring wells in the downgradient portions of the plume, and 3 staff gauges for the collection of surface water samples (Table 1 and Figure 3). Available well construction information (RMT 2004) in the vicinity of the site generally indicates completion within 15 feet of the bedrock surface. Well construction information for the 2550 Oak Street well indicates it is cased through the upper 68 feet of the bedrock. Because this well is cased through the upper portions of the bedrock and obtains its groundwater from greater depths, it is not recommended for sampling. Furthermore, VOCs were not detected in this well during sampling in April 2003. However, if chlorinated

FIELD SAMPLING PLAN

2-2 MKE\050770002

VOCs are detected in bedrock monitoring wells or adjacent water supply wells, it should be added to the sampling program.

Groundwater samples will also be collected from five bedrock monitoring wells, eight deep monitoring wells, and seven shallow monitoring wells. The compliance monitoring locations will monitor private water supplies and surface water for compliance with state and federal drinking water and surface water standards, respectively. Furthermore, monitoring of the downgradient monitoring wells will provide information on the stability of the CVOC plume.

TABLE 1Monitoring Program LocationsOconomowoc Electroplating, Oconomowoc, Wisconsin

Well Name/Location Monitoring ZoneWater Level

MeasurementCompliance Sampling (1)

Natural Attenuation Sampling (2) Comments

Water Supply WellsPW-01 GW-Upper bedrock X 2551 Oak Street, Town of AshippunPW-02 GW-Upper bedrock X 2580 Oak Street, KrierPW-03 GW-Upper bedrock X 2601 Oak Street, McMullenPW-04 GW-Upper bedrock X 2605 Oak Street, OttoPW-05 GW-Upper bedrock X 2611 Oak Street, PeirickPW-06 GW-Upper bedrock X 547 Eva Street, Krier (rental property owner)PW-07 GW-Upper bedrock X 2602 Elm Street, KrierPW-08 GW-Upper bedrock X 2603 Elm Street, KehlPW-09 GW-Upper bedrock X 2606 Elm Street, OttoPW-10 GW-Upper bedrock X 2607 Elm Street, BurrowPW-11 GW-Upper bedrock X 2612 Elm Street, Fortlage

SUBTOTAL 11Monitoring WellsMW-1S GW-Shallow unconsolidated X X UpgradientMW-1D GW-Upper bedrock XMW-2D GW-Upper bedrock XMW-3S GW-Shallow unconsolidated XMW-3D GW-Upper bedrock XMW-4S GW-Shallow unconsolidated XMW-4D GW-Upper bedrock X X DowngradientMW-5 GW-Shallow unconsolidated XMW-5D GW-Deep unconsolidated X X DowngradientMW-9S GW-Shallow unconsolidated XMW-12S GW-Shallow unconsolidated X X X DowngradientMW-12D GW-Deep unconsolidated X X X DowngradientMW-12B GW-Upper bedrock X X DowngradientMW-13S GW-Shallow unconsolidated X X DowngradientMW-13D GW-Deep unconsolidated X X X DowngradientMW-14D GW-Deep unconsolidated X X UpgradientMW-15S GW-Shallow unconsolidated X X X DowngradientMW-15D GW-Deep unconsolidated X X X DowngradientMW-15B GW-Upper bedrock X X DowngradientMW-16S GW-Shallow unconsolidated X X X DowngradientMW-101S GW-Shallow unconsolidated XMW-101B GW-Upper bedrock X X Downgradient - sentinel wellMW-102S GW-Shallow unconsolidated X

TABLE 1Monitoring Program LocationsOconomowoc Electroplating, Oconomowoc, Wisconsin

Well Name/Location Monitoring ZoneWater Level

MeasurementCompliance Sampling (1)

Natural Attenuation Sampling (2) Comments

Monitoring Wells ContinuedMW-102D GW-Deep unconsolidated X X Downgradient - sentinel wellMW-103S GW-Shallow unconsolidated X X Near source areaMW-103D GW-Deep unconsolidated X X Near source areaMW-104S GW-Shallow unconsolidated XMW-104D GW-Deep unconsolidated XMW-105S GW-Shallow unconsolidated X X X DowngradientMW-105D GW-Deep unconsolidated X X X DowngradientMW-105B GW-Upper bedrock X X DowngradientMW-106S GW-Shallow unconsolidated X X Downgradient - sentinel wellMW-106D GW-Deep unconsolidated X X Downgradient - sentinel wellMW-107S (4) GW-Shallow unconsolidated X X X Downgradient - sentinel wellMW-107D (4) GW-Deep unconsolidated X X X Downgradient - sentinel wellOW-6 GW-Upper bedrock X

SUBTOTAL 36 20 14Drive Point PiezometersP-1 SW XP-2 SW XP-3 SW X

SUBTOTAL 3Staff GaugesSG-1 SW X X XSG-2 SW X X XSG-3 SW X X X

SUBTOTAL 3 3 3TOTAL 42 34 17

GW-GroundwaterSW-Surface water

(1) Compliance sampling includes the analysis of VOCs. Water levels would be taken at all accessible monitoring wells, drive point piezometers, and staff gauges. Semi-annual sampling will be performed.

(2) Natural Attenuation sampling includes the analysis of VOCs and natural attenuation parameters (nitrate, diss. Managnese, total and diss. Iron, sulfate, sulfide, methane, ethene, ethane, chloride, alkalinity and soluble organic carbon) and the measurement of field parameters (temperature, pH, specific conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and oxidation reduction potential). Water levels would be taken at all accessible monitoring wells, drive point piezometers, and staff gauges. Quarterly sampling will be performed to evaluate seasonal trends in natural attenuation parameters for a two year period. (3) Surface water monitoring will be performed for the same analysis and frequency as NA groundwater sampling. In addition, Orthophosphate and ammonia will be performed on surface water samples.(4) Proposed groundwater monitoring well nest on the south side of Davy Creek.

2—GROUNDWATER MONITORING METHODOLOGY

MKE\050770002 2-5

2.1.2 Natural Attenuation For natural attenuation sampling, 2 upgradient locations, 2 near source, and 10 downgradient monitoring wells were chosen for monitoring (Table 1 and Figure 4). In addition, surface water samples will be collected from the three staff gauge locations. Seven of the wells are screened in the shallow unconsolidated aquifer, and seven are screened in the deep unconsolidated aquifer. The locations of the sampling points will monitor natural attenuation processes throughout the plume.

2.2 Analytical Program and Sampling Frequency In developing the sampling program for the OEP site, the project objectives and the following elements were considered:

• Identification of target compounds with respect to the results of previous investigations.

• Obtain quality and meaningful data useful for the assessment of natural attenuation and compliance with state and federal water quality and state surface water quality standards.

• Determine the appropriate and acceptable analytical methodology that meets the data quality objectives (DQOs), including any site-specific applicable or relevant and appropriate requirements (ARARs).

• Determine an effective analytical program with appropriate QA/QC requirements, such that site sampling location and frequency may be optimized.

Analytical methodology for compliance and natural attenuation monitoring are discussed separately.

2.2.1 Compliance Monitoring Samples collected from compliance locations will be analyzed for VOCs using method SW 846 8260 (see QAPP for listing of VOCs). An offsite laboratory subcontracted by CH2M HILL will analyze the groundwater compliance samples for VOCs using the appropriate analytical methods to reach the project-specific analytical requirements.

Semiannual compliance groundwater samples will be collected initially from 11 private water wells, 20 groundwater monitoring wells, and 3 surface water locations. Subsequent compliance sampling events will include a group of eight private water wells composed of residential wells primarily located near the corner of Eva Street and Elm Street.

2.2.2 Natural Attenuation Monitoring Samples collected from natural attenuation monitoring well locations will be analyzed for NA parameters (nitrate, dissolved manganese, total and dissolved iron, sulfate, sulfide, methane, ethane, ethane, chloride, alkalinity, and soluble organic carbon), VOCs, and field parameters (water level, temperature, pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and oxidation reduction potential) (Table 2). Surface water samples will be analyzed for the same parameters, however, ortho-phosphate and ammonia will also be performed. Because NA data is being collected to evaluate a potential remedy for the site and thus serves as

FIELD SAMPLING PLAN

2-6 MKE\050770002

engineering data, an offsite laboratory subcontracted by CH2M HILL will analyze the natural attenuation samples using the appropriate analytical methods to reach the project-specific analytical requirements.

Natural attenuation groundwater samples will be collected on a quarterly basis for a 2-year period, with an optional year of monitoring to be conducted at the discretion of the WAM, to evaluate seasonal variability. The natural attenuation sampling frequency will be reevaluated and modified, if necessary, after the initial 2-year period. For natural attenuation monitoring locations (MW-12S, MW-12D, MW-13D, MW-15S, MW-15D, MW-16S, MW-105S, MW-105D, and the proposed new sentinel well nest) that correspond to compliance sample locations, VOC analysis shall be performed in accordance with those methods described for compliance monitoring. For efficiency and data comparability, compliance and natural attenuation sampling events will be coordinated.

TABLE 2 Site Analytes and Field Parameters—Natural Attenuation Monitoring Oconomowoc Electroplating, Oconomowoc, Wisconsin

Analytes Field Parameters

Alkalinity DO Chloride ORP

Dissolved Iron pH Dissolved Manganese Specific Conductance

Ethane Temperature Ethene

Methane Nitrate Sulfate Sulfide

Total Iron Total Organic Carbon

Ortho-phosphate (surface water samples only) Ammonia (surface water samples only)

VOCs Note: A listing of individual VOCs can be found in the Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP).

2.2.3 Sampling Approach Water levels will be measured from all accessible groundwater monitoring wells, drive point piezometers, and staff gauges during the first day of each sampling event (Table 1, Figure 1).

Sampling at monitoring wells will be conducted using low-flow purging and sampling techniques (see Field Operating Procedure (FOP) No. 1—Low-Flow Groundwater Sampling Procedures). Groundwater field parameters will be monitored with a multimeter and flow-through cell while the wells are purged. The wells will be purged continuously until monitored field parameters stabilize within the limits specified in FOP No. 1—Low-Flow Groundwater Sampling Procedures. Samples will be collected immediately following the

2—GROUNDWATER MONITORING METHODOLOGY

MKE\050770002 2-7

stabilization of groundwater field parameters. The samples will be processed, packaged, and shipped on the day of collection.

Private water supply wells will be sampled only after opening the tap wide open for 15 minutes and after any holding or storage tanks have been drained. An attempt will be made to collect the sample at a tap nearest the wellhead and prior to any treatment. The specific equipment to be used and detailed procedures for private well sampling are presented in FOP No. 10—Private Residential Well Groundwater Sampling Procedures.

Surface water sampling will be performed by collecting water in a beaker while standing on a nearby bank. This water will be immediately transferred into sample containers. The specific equipment to be used and detailed procedures for surface water sampling are presented in FOP No. 9—Surface Water Sampling Procedures.

MKE\050770002 3-1

SECTION 3

Field Investigation Program

The specific objectives of the field investigation program are developed based on observations made during previous site visits, current site conditions, available information pertaining to past activities, and available soil and groundwater analytical data.

3.1 Objectives The general objectives of the field investigation are as follows:

• Measure groundwater elevations at the wells listed in Table 1 and verify the previous groundwater flow patterns in the bedrock aquifer and the shallow and deep unconsolidated aquifers.

• Collect analytical and field groundwater chemistry data to assess natural attenuation capacity.

3.2 Tasks The following tasks will be performed to complete the field investigation objectives:

• Site Reconnaissance—Information regarding site access and well information will be used to refine the locations selected for the groundwater sampling event. Groundwater elevation levels will be collected from the wells listed in Table 1, provided they are accessible.

• Mobilization—This task consists of assembling and mobilizing the necessary equipment to the site prior to the groundwater sampling event.

• Groundwater Sampling—Samples will be collected from compliance and natural attenuation monitoring points.

• Demobilization—At the completion of fieldwork, personnel, equipment, and supplies will be demobilized from the site. Investigation derived waste (IDW) will be collected onsite in 55-gallon drums and stored until they may be disposed of at a later date.

3.3 Field Operations and Procedures This section provides an overview of the equipment, operations, and procedures that will be performed during groundwater sampling events. It also references specific FOPs in Appendix A that provide step-by-step procedures for conducting the field tasks. For instances in which FOPs are not referenced, the text of that particular section will act as the FOP.

FIELD SAMPLING PLAN

3-2 MKE\050770002

3.3.1 Site Reconnaissance Site reconnaissance tasks will be completed prior to the start of sampling activities. These tasks will include:

• Confirming health and safety information, including the route and travel time to the hospital specified in the Health and Safety Plan (HASP) and the addresses of local fire and police departments.

• Coordinating with USEPA staff for sampling dates and access.

• Locating the Federal Express office nearest to the site and noting its hours of operation, and determining whether the office will provide sample pick-up service.

• Locating and measuring groundwater levels at accessible monitoring wells, as indicated in Table 1. Groundwater levels will be measured using FOP No. 2—Groundwater Level Measurements. All observations and measurements will be documented in the field notebook using FOP No. 3—Field Logbook.

• Inspecting proposed sampling locations (site wells are listed in Table 1) to determine if modifications are necessary based on access issues, broken or dry wells, or any other unspecified difficulties. Any modifications necessary will be recorded along with the reason for the modification.

3.3.2 Mobilization Prior to initiating any field work, the following preparatory activities will be completed:

• The necessary field equipment and supplies (sample bottles, coolers, water level indicator, tubing, etc.) must be assembled.

• Identified field supplies (for example, personal protective equipment [PPE], sample containers, preservatives, sample forms, and other related items) and field monitoring equipment must be obtained and transported to the site.

• Analyses must be confirmed to be scheduled through an independent laboratory

• It must be confirmed that field equipment is in proper working order and has received the appropriate quality control checks

During mobilization activities, the Field Team Leader (FTL) will perform a walk-through inspection of the site and will inspect and generate field sampling maps. The level of health and safety protection during the mobilization activities will be Level D.

3.3.3 Groundwater/Surface Water Investigation 3.3.3.1 Monitoring Well Purging and Sampling The water level and well depth measured during Site Reconnaissance (described in FOP No. 2—Groundwater Level Measurements will be used to calculate a purge volume and assess the amount of solids collecting in a well. Wells will be purged as described in FOP No. 1—Low-Flow Groundwater Sampling Procedures. While purging the wells, field parameters of the

3—FIELD INVESTIGATION PROGRAM

MKE\050770002 3-3

groundwater will be monitored with a multimeter and flow-through cell. The multimeter will be calibrated using FOP No. 4—Equipment Calibration.

Groundwater samples collected from compliance sample points will be analyzed for VOCs. Groundwater samples collected from natural attenuation sample points will be analyzed for VOCs, natural attenuation parameters, and field parameters (pH, specific conductance, DO, ORP, and temperature; Table 2).

Groundwater samples are to be collected from existing monitoring wells using low-flow sampling techniques. The specific equipment to be used and the procedures for low-flow groundwater sampling are presented in FOP No. 1—Low-Flow Groundwater Sampling Procedures. Procedures for field filtering all groundwater samples are provided in FOP No. 5—Field Filtering Samples.

Non-dedicated sampling equipment will be decontaminated between locations using FOP No. 6—Field Sampling Equipment Decontamination. Dedicated sampling equipment will be disposed of in on-site 55-gallon drums.

3.3.3.2 Private Well Purging and Sampling All property owners will be notified of the need to access their property before sampling of any private residential wells. Notification shall include a letter issued to the owner at least 1 month prior to sampling. This letter will detail the preferred sampling dates and ask for permission to utilize the outdoor faucet/spigot closest to the wellhead for sampling. The notification letter will be followed by a phone call, placed at least 1 week prior to sampling, requesting confirmation of permission to access the owner’s property and utilize their preferred sampling point.

Groundwater samples to be collected from private residential wells will be taken from an outdoor sample point deemed appropriate by the property owner. The faucet/spigot should be run wide open for at least 15 minutes, or until any storage tanks are drained. The specific equipment to be used and detailed procedures for private well sampling are presented in FOP No. 10—Private Residential Well Groundwater Sampling Procedures. For any samples that would require field filtering, procedures are provided in FOP No. 5—Field Filtering Samples.

3.3.3.3 Surface Water Sampling Surface water samples will be collected at each of the three staff gauge locations along Davy Creek and its’ associated wetlands. Access to and depth of the water will dictate how the samples will be taken. The water will first be collected in a beaker made of inert materials and then transferred to specific sample containers. This beaker will be decontaminated between each sampling location. The specific equipment to be used and detailed procedures for surface water sampling are presented in FOP No. 9—Surface Water Sampling Procedures. For any samples that would require field filtering, procedures are provided in FOP No. 5—Field Filtering Samples.

3.3.4 Demobilization Upon conclusion of the field activities, equipment from the site will be demobilized. Equipment and tools will be properly decontaminated before they are demobilized from the

FIELD SAMPLING PLAN

3-4 MKE\050770002

area using FOP No. 6—Field Sampling Equipment Decontamination. IDW will be collected onsite in 55-gallon drums and stored until they may be disposed of at a later date.

MKE\050770002 4-1

SECTION 4

General Field Operations

4.1 Sample Management The section describes the procedures to be implemented to ensure that representative environmental samples are properly containerized, preserved, shipped, and otherwise handled in a manner that will maintain sample integrity once they are obtained. The use of these techniques will provide representative samples and will reduce the possibility of sample contamination from external sources.

4.1.1 Sample Identification CH2M HILL has devised a sample-numbering system that will be used to identify each sample, including duplicates and blanks. A Sample Management Office (SMO) number and a Central Regional Laboratory (CRL) number will be assigned to each sample to be analyzed by an offsite laboratory. (Refer to the User’s Guide to the Contract Laboratory Program for an explanation of the SMO numbers. Refer to the CRL Sample Handling Manual for an explanation of the CRL number.) The Field Activity Manager will maintain a listing of sample IDs in the sampling logbook. Each CH2M HILL sample number will consist of three components.

Each sample will have a three-digit project identification code (identifying the Oconomowoc Electroplating site as “OEP”), followed by an alphanumeric code corresponding to the medium and a three-digit sequential number. Sample numbers will be reserved for the different media being sampled. They will not be repeated within a sample station, medium, or among differing media. Duplicate samples will not be distinguished within the sample numbers, but they will be distinguished through the subsample identification within the sample tracking and data management systems. This is done so that no bias may be given to the samples during analysis. The media codes are:

• MW—Monitoring well groundwater sample • FB—Field blank QC sample • FD—Field duplicate QC sample

The following is an example of a sample number:

• OEPMW01S001—Groundwater sample collected from OEP sample location MW01S, sample number 001.

4.1.2 Sample Containers The contaminant-free sample containers (bottles) used in this sampling effort will be purchased from an approved vendor or prepared by the subcontracted laboratory. Sample containers for laboratory analyses will meet or exceed the USEPA requirements specified in OSWER Directive #9240-05A, Specifications and Guidance for Obtaining Contaminant-Free Containers (USEPA 1990). Bottles used for the sampling activity will not contain target organic and inorganic contaminants exceeding the level specified in USEPA’s guidance.

FIELD SAMPLING PLAN

4-2 MKE\050770002

Specifications for the bottles will be verified by checking the supplier’s certified statement and analytical results for each bottle lot.

Equipment (field) blanks, trip blanks, etc., will be used to monitor for contamination. Corrective action will be taken as soon as a problem is identified. Such action may include:

• Discontinuing the use of a specific bottle lot • Contacting the bottle supplier(s) for retesting the representative bottle from a suspect lot • Assessing decontamination procedures • Re-sampling the suspected samples • Validating the data

Table 3 presents a summary of the sample containers needed for the various field investigations to be performed for groundwater sampling events.

TABLE 3 Sample Containers, Preservations, and Holding Times Oconomowoc Electroplating, Oconomowoc, Wisconsin

Parameter Container Preservation/Storage Maximum Holding Time

Water

VOCs Three 40-mL glass vials HCl to pH <2, 4°C 14 days to analysis

Metals (Total Fe, Dissolved Mn & Fe)

One 500-mL poly HN03 to pH <2, 4°C 180 days

Alkalinity One 1-L poly 4°C 14 days

Chloride, Sulfate One 1-L poly 4°C 28 days

Sulfide One 1-L amber glass NaOH to pH>9, Zn acetate, 4°C

7 days

Methane, Ethane, Ethene

Three 40-mL glass vials 4°C 14 days

Total Organic Carbon One 250-mL poly HCl to pH <2, 4°C 28 days

Ammonia (surface water sample only)

One 250-mL poly H2SO4 to pH < 2, 4°C 28 days

Ortho-phosphate (surface water sample only)

One 1-L poly 4°C 48 hours

Nitrate One 1-L poly 4°C 48 hours

4.1.3 Sample Preservation and Holding Times Sample containers, preservations, and sample holding times will meet the requirements set forth by the USEPA. Sample containers will be certified by the laboratories or vendors as pre-cleaned. Chemical preservatives will be added to certain aqueous samples in accordance with USEPA guidelines to retard sample degradation during storage and shipment prior to laboratory analysis. Sample bottles received from the CH2M HILL subcontracted laboratory will be pre-preserved by the laboratory before shipment to the field team. In addition to chemical

4—GENERAL FIELD OPERATIONS

MKE\050770002 4-3

preservatives, samples for chemical analysis will be transported to the laboratory in temperature-controlled coolers. Ice will be used to maintain the internal cooler temperature at 4 + 2°C during sample collection and shipment to the laboratory. A summary of preservation/storage requirements and holding times for the analyses to be performed are provided in Table 3.

Filtered groundwater may be submitted for metals analyses if turbidity levels cannot be reduced during purging. Filtering will occur in the field during sample collection. Samples will be filtered through a 0.45 micron filter following the procedures listed in FOP No. 5—Field Filtering Samples.

4.1.4 Sample Handling, Packaging and Shipment Sample packaging and shipping procedures are designed to ensure that the samples will arrive at the laboratory intact with their chain-of-custody (COC) forms. Sample tags and COC forms will be produced using Forms II Lite software. Sample handling, packaging, and shipping procedures are described in FOP No. 7—Sample Handling, Packaging, and Shipping.

Sample coolers will be shipped such that they will arrive at the independent laboratory the morning after sampling (priority overnight) or they will be sent through a courier to arrive on the same day. For non-CLP samples analyzed at an independent laboratory, the laboratory will be notified of the sample shipment and the estimated date of arrival of the samples being delivered.

4.2 Field Activity Documentation and Logbook Several procedures will be implemented by CH2M HILL to document the time, field conditions, well/sample locations, and parameters of the samples collected in the field. These procedures include a bound field logbook, which will be maintained to record the acquisition of each sample, parameters for laboratory analysis, and specific problems or issues at any sampling point. A binder will contain a complete record of COC forms for environmental samples and the field QC samples be completed. The following sections describe the sample documentation methods that will be used at the OEP site.

4.2.1 Field Logbook A field sampling logbook will be initiated at the start of the first onsite activity and maintained to document field activities throughout the field effort in accordance with FOP No. 3—Field Logbook.

4.2.2 Sample Chain-of-Custody For samples collected for analysis, USEPA’s COC protocols will be followed as described in the National Enforcement Investigations Center (NEIC) Policies and Procedures, EPA-330/9-78-DDI-R, Rev. June 1985. COC forms will be completed using USEPA’s Field Operations Reporting Management System (FORMS) II Lite software program. Custody procedures are described in Section 2.3.2 of the QAPP. The protocol for filling out the COC forms is provided in FOP No. 8—Documentation/Chain-of-Custody Procedures.

FIELD SAMPLING PLAN

4-4 MKE\050770002

4.3 Field Parameter Documentation Information collected in the field through visual observations, manual measurement, and/or field instrumentation will be recorded on field notebooks, data sheets, and/or forms and then entered into an electronic data log. Data will be reviewed by the FTL for adherence to the QAPP/SAP and consistency. Any concerns identified will be corrected and incorporated into the data evaluation process.

Field data calculations, transfers, and interpretations conducted by the field team will also be reviewed by the FTL. Field data logs and documents will be checked for the following:

• General completeness • Legibility/readability • Use of appropriate procedures and modifications to sampling procedures are clearly stated • Appropriate instrument calibration and maintenance records (as appropriate) • Reasonability of data collected • Correctness of sample locations • Correctness of reporting units, calculations, and interpretations

Where appropriate, field data forms and calculations will be processed and included in the appendixes to the appropriate report. Original field logs, documents, and data reductions will be kept in the project file.

4.4 Quality Control Sample Procedures Each of the offsite laboratories identified in the QAPP will have a QC program to ensure the reliability and validity of the analyses being performed. QC procedures for photoionization detector (PID), pH, DO, ORP, specific conductance, and temperature measurements include calibrating the instruments (see FOP No. 4—Equipment Calibration), measuring duplicate samples, and checking the reproducibility of the measurements by taking multiple readings from a single sample. Field sampling precision and bias will be evaluated by collecting field duplicate and equipment (field) blanks for laboratory analysis.

4.4.1 Decontamination A solution of de-ionized water, Liquinox, and 10 percent methanol will be used to decontaminate the water level indicator probe after each use. Other sampling equipment is dedicated to a specific well and will not be re-used. The multimeter and flow-through cell will be decontaminated between each well location. Decontamination water will be collected in 5-gallon pails and stored onsite in 55-gallon drums to be disposed of at a later date.

4.4.2 Field Duplicates Field duplicate samples will be used to measure the heterogeneity of the sample matrix and the precision of the field sampling and analytical process. Duplicate samples will be collected at a frequency of one duplicate per 10 samples collected.

Groundwater field duplicate samples will be collected by alternately filling first the sample bottle for one analysis and then the duplicate bottle for one analysis. This procedure will be followed


MKE\050770002 4-5

until the bottles for analyses are filled. For dissolved metals samples, a separate inline filter will be used to fill the sample and duplicate containers before shipping them to the laboratory.

The sample bottles will be labeled as described in this FSP. The samples will be preserved and stored in the same manner as the field samples. The frequency of collection will be at least 10 percent.

4.4.3 Equipment Blanks Equipment (field) blanks will be collected and analyzed to determine whether the decontamination procedure has been adequately performed and that no cross-contamination of samples is occurring due to the equipment or residual decontamination solutions. Equipment blanks will be collected for the matrices to be sampled. A consistent volume of demonstrated analyte-free distilled and deionized water will be poured directly into or over the decontaminated sampling equipment and then collected in a sample container. The sample bottles will be labeled as described in this FSP. The samples will be preserved and handled in the same manner as the groundwater samples. The frequency of collection will be at least 5 percent.

4.4.4 Trip Blanks Trip blanks will be used to determine if any onsite atmospheric contaminants are seeping into the sample bottles, or if any cross-contamination of samples is occurring during the shipment or storage of sample containers. Aqueous trip blanks will be included with groundwater samples.

Aqueous trip blanks will consist of demonstrated analyte-free distilled and deionized water preserved with 1:1 HCl to a pH of less than or equal to 2 standard units in 40 mL Teflon-lined septum vials. One set of trip blanks will accompany each sample cooler containing one or more VOC samples. The sample bottles will be labeled as described this FSP. The samples will be stored in the same manner as the groundwater samples.

4.4.5 Matrix Spike/Matrix Spike Duplicate Matrix spike/matrix spike duplicate (MS/MSD) samples will be used by the laboratories to assess the precision and accuracy of sample analysis. The MS/MSD samples will be fortified by the laboratories in accordance with the specifications of the analytical methods. Two extra volumes of sample are required for each combination of MS/MSD samples. Sample containers will be filled and stored in the same manner as field duplicate samples. The frequency for collection of MS/MSD samples will be at least 5 percent.

4.4.6 Temperature Blanks A temperature blank will be included in each cooler to allow the laboratory receiving the shipment of samples to determine if the samples have been maintained at the proper temperature. Temperature blanks will consist of an unpreserved sample container filled with distilled water. One temperature blank will accompany each sample cooler being shipped to the laboratory.

FIELD SAMPLING PLAN

4-6 MKE\050770002

4.5 Disposal of Investigation Derived Wastes The waste materials generated during a field investigation are known as IDW. Materials which may become IDW requiring proper treatment, storage, and disposal are:

• PPE, including disposable gloves, booties, etc.

• Disposable equipment (DE), including sampling tubing, used filters, broken or unused sample containers, sample container boxes, paper toweling, tape, etc.

• Groundwater obtained through well development or well purging

• Decontamination water

Management of IDW and materials (including personal protective equipment) will be performed in accordance with the USEPA guidance Guide to Management of Investigation-Derived Wastes, 9345.3-03FS, dated January 1992. DE will be containerized and appropriately labeled during the sampling events, and will be disposed of accordingly. Purged groundwater and water generated during equipment decontamination will be containerized and staged onsite in 55-gallon drums. The drums will be stored onsite until they may be disposed of at a later date. Equipment will be decontaminated as appropriate, as discussed in FOP No. 6—Field Sampling Equipment Decontamination.

4.6 Field Monitoring Instrumentation Three field monitoring instruments will be used during groundwater sampling events. These include the following:

• A water quality multimeter, which measure pH, specific conductance, temperature, DO, and ORP

• A PID

• An electronic water level indicator

Each device will be calibrated according to the manufacturer’s operating manual prior to each day’s use, as specified in FOP No. 4—Equipment Calibration.

Calibration of the equipment will be documented in the field logbook or in an equipment calibration log. During calibration, an appropriate maintenance check will be performed on each piece of equipment. If damaged or failed parts are identified during the daily maintenance check and it is determined that the damage could impact the instrument‘s performance, the instrument will be removed from service and replaced until the identified parts may be repaired or replaced.

4.7 Additional Field Operations Three additional field tasks are to be completed to support compliance and NA monitoring. These include the following:

• Installation of a nested pair of downgradient monitoring wells


MKE\050770002 4-7

• Replacement of two staff gauges along Davy Creek and its’ associated wetlands • Completion of a survey of the elevation and position of newly installed monitoring wells

and staff gauges

The two nested monitoring wells will be installed near the south bank of Davy Creek (Figure 1). One well will be screened as a water table observation well in the shallow unconsolidated aquifer, and the other well will be screened within the deep unconsolidated aquifer. This nested pair of wells will be installed using hollow-stem auger drilling methods and logged using continuous split-spoon soil sample collection as specified in FOP No. 11—Hollow-Stem Auger Drilling and Soil Sample Logging. Monitoring well construction and development will be performed as specified in FOP No. 12—Monitoring Well Installation and Development. Both wells will be constructed using 2-inch polyvinyl chloride.

The two staff gauges to be replaced will be located at about the same location as former staff gauges SG-1 and SG-2 (Figure 1). These gauges will be anchored to the substrata in a location that is accessible for elevation readings. The staff gauges will be set so that the actual elevation of the water surface can be read clearly from a distance.

Surveying work will consist of tying all newly installed wells and staff gauges into the coordinate system used for the site. At the monitoring wells, the elevation of the ground surface and top of the inner casing will be determined. For the two staff gauges, the elevation of the top of the each gauge will be determined. The northing and easting (X-Y coordinates) of each location will also be determined for each new well and staff gauge.

MKE\050770002 5-1

SECTION 5

References

CH2M HILL. 2004. Groundwater Treatment Facility Shutdown Plan.

Devaul, R.W., C.A. Harr, and J.J. Schiller. 1983. Ground-water Resources and Geology of Dodge County, Wisconsin. University of Wisconsin-Extension, Geological and Natural History Survey.

Ebasco Services Inc. 1990. Final Remediation Investigation Report at Oconomowoc Electroplating Site, Ashippun, WI.

United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1990. Specifications and Guidance for Obtaining Contaminant-Free Containers. OSWER Directive #9240-05A.

RMT Integrated Environmental Solutions. 2004. Hydrogeologic Investigation and Groundwater Extraction System Evaluation—Former Oconomowoc Electroplating Company, Inc. Ashippun, Wisconsin.

United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1992. Guide to Management of Investigation-Derived Wastes. 9345.3-03FS.

Figures

Figure 2Conceptual Depiction of Site Aquifer

Units and Well PlacementOconomowoc Electroplating Company

Oconomowoc, WI

E012005008MK

E

Former OEP Facility

Davy CreekWetland

Area

≈ 55 ft.

SW NE

- NOT TO SCALE -

Galena - Plateville Dolomite

Maquoketa Shale with Dolomite Lenses

Erosional Surface

“Deep”Monitoring

Wells “Bedrock”Monitoring

Wells

“Shallow”Monitoring

Wells

Sand and Silty Sand ≈ 28 ft.

Clay

Clay

Bedrock Surface

Appendix A Field Operating Procedures

1

Field Operating Procedure No. 1—Low-Flow Groundwater Sampling Procedures

Purpose The following describes the procedures for the collection of groundwater samples using the low-stress (low-flow) method. Methods were developed in accordance with procedures presented in USEPA publications.

Scope This procedure is applicable for monitoring wells that are 1 inch in diameter or greater, and is considered to be appropriate for collections of VOCs, SVOCs, PCBs, and metals. This procedure is not appropriate for the collection of LNAPLs or DNAPLs. Operations manuals should be consulted for specific calibration and operating procedures.

Equipment/Materials The following list presents the equipment needed for low-flow groundwater sampling of organic site-related constituents, as specified in the FSP.

• Electronic water level indicator with an accuracy of 0.01 foot.

• Electronic oil/water interface probe with an accuracy of 0.01 foot.

• Sampling pump with adjustable flow rate. Must be either gear driven, helical driven, air-activated piston, or low-flow centrifugal. An adjustable-rate peristaltic pump can be used when the depth to water is 20 feet or less if the other pump types are not readily available.

• Teflon® or Teflon®-lined polyethylene tubing.

• An appropriate power source for the sampling pump being used.

• A graduated container to determine volume and a watch to monitor flow rate and time.

• YSI Model 6920 (or comparable) multi-parameter meter with flow-through cell. At a minimum, the meter must be capable of measuring pH, ORP, DO, turbidity, specific conductance, and temperature.

• Calibration solutions for the multi-parameter meter.

• Decontamination supplies including 10 percent methanol rinse, non-phosphate soap, and distilled water, paper towels, and plastic sheeting.

• Sample bottles and coolers for submittal to the laboratory.

FIELD OPERATING PROCEDURE NO. 1—LOW-FLOW GROUNDWATER SAMPLING PROCEDURES

2

• Field notebook, sample data sheets, chain-of-custody forms, and custody seals.

• Ice for sample coolers.

• Appropriate PPE.

• PID, explosimeter, and oxygen meter (LEL/O2) and calibration gases, as appropriate.

• Tool box.

• 55-gallon drum or 5-gallon buckets, with covers, to contain purge water.

During the preparation for the field event, the list should be reviewed and modified, as appropriate, to accommodate sample collection of additional analytes or other site-related activities.

Procedures/Guidelines The following activities shall be completed before the start of purging and sampling:

1. Calibrate the multi-parameter meter, PID, and LEL/O2 meter. Record all calibration information in the field notebook.

2. Begin sampling at the monitoring well with the lowest concentrations of site-related constituents based on the results of the previous sampling event. Exceptions may be necessary to accommodate site-specific conditions. If no previous groundwater data are available, results of a MIP investigation may be used to determine areas of higher VOCs.

3. Inspect the protective well cover, concrete pad, inner well casing, and locking cap of the monitoring well and record observations in the field notebook. Polyethylene sheeting should be placed on the ground to minimize the potential for sampling equipment to contact the soil. Monitoring, purging, and sampling equipment should be placed on the sheeting.

4. Monitor the headspace of the well with the PID and LEL/O2 meters immediately after removing the inner casing cap. Readings should be noted in the field notebook. Refer to the site-specific HSP for required actions based on PID and LEL/O2 readings.

5. Measure the depth to water in the well. Also check the well for nonaqueous-phase liquids using the oil/water interface probe. Total well depth measurement using the oil/water interface probe should not be collected until all samples have been collected to minimize turbidity generated in the well. Measurements will be recorded on sample data sheets and in the field notebook.

Purging and Sampling Activities Procedures for purging and sampling are as follows:

1. Slowly lower the pump and tubing into the monitoring well until the pump intake is set near the midpoint of the screened interval. Record the depth of the pump intake (feet below top of inner well casing) in the field notebook.


3

2. Re-measure the depth to water and record the information on the sample data sheets. Leave the water level indicator in the well.

3. Place the multi-parameter meter into the flow-through cell. Connect the discharge end of the tubing from the pump to the flow-through cell of the multi-parameter probe. Place the flow-through cell discharge tubing into the 55-gallon drum or a 5-gallon bucket for collection of purge water.

4. Set the flow rate on the pump to the lowest setting, turn the pump on, and slowly increase the flow rate until water begins to flow. Using a graduated cylinder to monitor the flow rate, adjust the pump until a rate of 50 to 500 mL per minute is reached. Maintain a steady flow rate while keeping drawdown to less than 0.33 foot. If drawdown is greater than 0.33 foot, reduce the pumping rate. If a drawdown of less than 0.33 foot cannot be achieved, continue purging and record the groundwater levels and flow rate every 5 minutes.

5. Provided the drawdown does not exceed 0.33 foot (see above), record the discharge rates and drawdown on the sampling data sheets every 5 minutes, and continue purging at a flow rate to minimize drawdown. A minimum of one tubing volume must be purged before recording water quality parameters.

6. After a minimum of one tubing volume has been purged, record the values of the water quality parameters. After the initial measurement, record the water quality parameter readings concurrently with the discharge rate and drawdown measurements.

7. Continue purging until three successive readings of the water quality field parameters stabilize, following the criteria in Table 1, below. When the water quality parameters stabilize, collect the samples.

TABLE 1 Stabilization Criteria with References for Water-Quality-Indicator Parameters*

Parameter Stabilization Criteria

pH ± 0.1

Specific Electrical Conductance (SEC)

± 3%

Oxidation-Reduction Potential (ORP)

± 10 millivolts

Turbidity ± 10% (when turbidity is greater than 10 nephelometric turbidity units)

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) ± 0.3 milligrams per liter

*USEPA, 2002.

8. If a stabilized drawdown in the well cannot be maintained at less than 0.33 foot and the water level is approaching the top of the well screen, reduce the flow rate or turn the pump off for 15 minutes and allow for recovery. The pump should not be turned off if it does not have a check valve installed inline with the tubing to prevent water flowing out


4

of the tubing into the well. If the pump must be turned off and no check valve is present, the discharge end of the tubing should be clamped to minimize the potential for water to flow back into the well. After 15 minutes, resume pumping, at a lower rate, if possible. If water levels again approach the top of the well screen, turn the pump off and allow another 15 minutes for recovery. If two tubing volumes have been removed (including the volume in the flow-through cell and tubing), collect a sample when the pump is turned on. Record this information in the field notebook so that adjustments can be made for the next sampling event.

9. For collection of samples, pumping rates should be maintained to minimize disturbance of the water column. The discharge tubing should be disconnected from the input of the flow-through cell and samples collected directly from the pump discharge tubing. Sample bottles for VOCs and/or dissolved gasses should always be filled first.

10. Upon sample collection, remove the pump from the well, decontaminate the pump, and dispose of the tubing, if it is not dedicated.

Attachments • Low-Flow Well Sampling: Field Data Sheet

Key Checks/Items None.

Low - Flow Well Sampling: Field Data Sheet

Well Number: Site:Field Crew: Date: Project #:Well Depth (ft) Purge Diameter Gal. Per foot Diameter Gal. Per footDTW (ft.) Methodology: 2" 0.163 5" 1.02Water Column (ft):Well Diameter (in): 3" 0.367 6" 1.469Gal. Per ft.:Well Volume (gal): 4" 0.653 8" 2.611Depth of Screen (ft):

TimeDTW (toc)

Flow Rate(ml/min)

TotalVolume

(gal)

pH(Std. Units) Temp (C)

Cond.(mS/cm)

ORP(mV)

D.O.(Surface)

(mg/L)Turbidity

(NTU) Color/OdorINT. Stabilization <0.3' 300-500 0.1 1 oC 3% 10 mV 10% 10%

1 VOL.2 VOL.3 VOL.4 VOL.5 VOL.6 VOL.7 VOL.8 VOL.9 VOL.

10 VOL.11 VOL.12 VOL.13 VOL.14 VOL.15 VOL.16 VOL.17 VOL.18 VOL.19 VOL.

Remarks:

Depth to Water before SamplingSample Methodology:Sample Date/Time:Signed Sampler:Filtered Metals Collected: Y / N Filter Size:Sample Ovservations:Parameters:

Field Parameters

Sampling

1

Field Operating Procedure No. 2—Groundwater & Surface Water Level Measurements

Purpose The purpose of this procedure is to provide a general guideline for measurement of water levels in monitoring wells, piezometers, and surface water staff gages.

Scope Standard method of water level measurements.

Equipment/Materials • Water level indicator • Deionized water/liquinox/10% methanol solution in spray bottles • Photoionization detector • Paper towels

Procedures/Guidelines—Groundwater 1. Uncap the well and immediately place the photoionization meter at the wellhead for

readings.

2. Vent well caps and allow water levels to reach static levels for at least 15 minutes.

3. Decontaminate water level indicator with liquinox, 10% methanol, and deionized water.

4. Test battery on water level indicator.

5. Measure depth to water by:

• Adjusting gain/sensitivity (while probe is dry) to the maximum sensitivity that does not activate the audible sensor

• Lower probe into the well slowly until the audible sensor activates

• Raise and lower the probe slowly to precisely measure the top of the water

• Hold the tape (indicating depth) against the north top edge of the well casing (the designated measuring point) and read depth to water to the nearest 0.01 feet

6. Record depth to water

7. Measure total well depth by:

FIELD OPERATING PROCEDURE NO. 2—GROUNDWATER LEVEL MEASUREMENTS

2

• Turn gain/sensitivity off

• Lower probe into the well until the probe contacts the bottom

• Raise and lower the probe slowly so that the probed is vertical and not leaning across the diameter of the well

• Hold the tape (indicating depth) against the north top edge of the well casing and read depth to the nearest 0.01 feet

Key Checks/Items • Vent wells before measurement • Use the same location on the well casing to ensure comparability of readings • Decontaminate water level indicator with liquinox, 10% methanol, and deionized water

Procedures/Guidelines—Surface Water 1. Locate staff gage.

2. If possible, check to ensure that the staff gage has not been damaged or influenced by peak flow events.

3. Position self as close to the gage as safely possible, facing the staff-ruler side of the gage.

4. Read the staff gage and record the water level elevation.

Key Checks/Items • Confirm the location and identification number of the gage with the site map • Locate a safe position from which the gage can be read • Note the water current around the staff gage; if current is strong, record this in field

book since it can affect the gage elevation reading

1

Field Operating Procedure No. 3—Field Logbook

Purpose The purpose of this procedure is to delineate protocols for recording field survey and sampling information in a field logbook.

Scope Data generated from the use of this FOP may be used to support the following activities: site characterization, risk assessment, and evaluation of remedial alternatives.

Equipment/Materials • Field logbook • Indelible black ink pen

Procedures/Guidelines All information pertinent to a field survey or sampling effort will be recorded in a bound field logbook that will be initiated at the start of the first onsite activity. The field logbook will consist of a bound notebook with consecutively numbered pages that cannot be removed. The outside front cover of the logbook will contain the project (site) name and the specific activity (e.g., remedial investigation sampling). The inside front cover will include:

• Site name and USEPA Work Assignment number • Project number • Site manager’s name and mailing address • Sequential logbook number • Start date and end date of logbook

Each page will be consecutively numbered, dated, and initialed. All entries will be made in indelible black ink, and all corrections will consist of line-out deletions that are initialed and dated. If only part of a page is used, the remainder of the page should have an "X" drawn across it. At a minimum, entries in the logbook will include the following:

• Time of arrival and departure of site personnel, site visitors, and equipment

• Instrument calibration information, including the make, model, and serial number of the equipment calibrated

• Field observations (e.g., sample description, weather, unusual site conditions or observations, sources of potential contamination, etc.)

FIELD OPERATING PROCEDURE NO. 3—FIELD LOGBOOK

2

• A detailed description of the sampling location, including a sketch

• Details of the sample site (e.g., the elevation of the casing, casing diameter and depth, integrity of the casing, etc.)

• Sampling methodology and matrix, including a distinction between grab and composite samples

• Names of samplers and crew members

• Start or completion of borehole and monitoring well installation, sample collection activities

• Field measurements (e.g., PID readings, pH, water levels)

• Type of sample (e.g., groundwater, soil)

• Number, depth, and volume of sample collected

• Field sample number

• Requested analytical determinations

• Sample preservation

• QC samples

• Sample shipment information, including COC form number, carrier, date, and time

• Health and safety issues (including level of PPE)

• Signature and date by personnel responsible for observations

Sampling situations vary widely. No general rules can specify the extent of information that must be entered in a logbook. Records should, however, contain sufficient information so that someone can reconstruct the sampling activity without relying on the collector's memory. The field team leader will keep a master list of all field logbooks assigned to the sampling crew.

Attachments None.


1

Field Operating Procedure No. 4—Equipment Calibration

Field Air Monitoring (Photoionization Detector (PID) & Combustible Gas Indicator (CGI)) Purpose The purpose of this operating procedure is to provide a general guideline for the field measurement of air quality via PID or a CGI

Scope This is a general description of PID / CGI calibration procedures

Equipment/Materials Photoionization Detector (Mini-Rae 2000, OVM, or equivalent)

Combustible Gas Indicator (MSA Watchman or equivalent)

Procedures and Guidelines Because instruments used during the field investigation may be in fact several models produced by different manufacturers, it is not feasible to present instrument-specific details in this section. Instead, instrument-specific calibration will be performed in accordance with each manufacturer’s instructions in regard to both frequency and method.

Attachments None.

Key Checks and Items Make sure the manufacturer’s calibration/user manual is included with equipment.

Check to see that batteries are adequately charged.

Make sure all materials necessary for calibration are present (e.g. calibration gas/calibration standards, correct regulator and tubing, spare batteries and charging equipment.

Field Measurements of pH Purpose The purpose of this operating procedure is to provide a general guideline for the field measurement of pH in water samples.

FIELD OPERATING PROCEDURE NO. 4—EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION

2

Scope Standard field pH determination techniques and instrument calibration for use on groundwater samples.

Equipment/Materials • pH buffer solution for pHs 4, 7, and 10 • Deionized water in squirt bottle • pH meter • Combination electrodes • Beakers • Solution of HCl • Glassware that has been washed with soap and water, rinsed twice with hot water, and

rinsed twice with deionized water

Procedures/Guidelines Procedures 1. Before going into the field:

• Check batteries. • Do a quick calibration at pHs 7 and 4 to check electrode. • Obtain fresh standard solutions.

2. Calibrate meter using calibration procedure. 3. Pour sample into a clean beaker. 4. Rinse electrode with deionized water between samples. 5. Immerse electrode in sample solution. Record pH reading. 6. Recheck calibration with pH 7 buffer solution after every 5 samples.

Decontaminate pH meter before use at each sample location. Rinse probe with deionized water before storage each day. Check meter for battery charge and physical damage each day. Store meter and pH buffer solution in a cool, dry environment.

General 1. When calibrating meter, use pH buffers 4 and 7 for samples with a pH < 8, and buffers

7 and 10 for samples with a pH > 8. If meter will not read pH 4 or 10, something may be wrong with the electrode.

2. Measurement of pH is temperature dependent. Therefore, temperatures of buffers and samples should be within about 2°C. For refrigerated or cool samples, use refrigerated buffers to calibrate the pH meter.

3. Weak organic and inorganic salts, oil, and grease interfere with pH measurements. If oil or grease are visible, note it on the data sheet. Clean the electrode with soap and water, rinse it with a 10 percent solution of HCl, and recalibrate the meter.

4. Following field measurements:

• Report any problems • Compare with previous data


3

• Clean all dirt off of the meter and from inside the case • Store the electrode in a pH 4 buffer solution

5. Accuracy and precision are dependent on the instrument used. Refer to manufacturer’s manual. Expected accuracy and precision are ± 0.1 pH unit.

Attachments None.

Key Checks/Items • Check batteries • Calibrate

Preventive Maintenance • Refer to operation manuals for recommended maintenance. • Check batteries. Have a replacement set on hand.

Field Measurements of Conductivity and Temperature Purpose The purpose of this operating procedure is to provide a general guideline for the field measurement of conductivity and temperature.

Scope Field instruments must be calibrated daily before beginning sampling activities. The methods and frequencies of calibration for the instruments used for each field activity are described below.

Equipment/Materials • Reagents—deionized water in squirt bottle and standard potassium chloride solution • Reagent preparation:

− Stock potassium chloride (KCl) solution (1.00 N): Dissolve 74.555 g KCl in deionized water and dilute to 1,000 mL in a volumetric flask.

− Standard potassium chloride solution (0.01 N): Dilute 10.0 mL of stock 1.00 N KCl solution to 1,000 mL with deionized water using a volumetric pipet and flask.

• Conductivity meter and electrodes • Beakers or jars, plastic or glass • Spare size D alkaline batteries

Procedures/Guidelines Groundwater Detection limit = 1 µmho/cm @ 25°C; range = 0.1 to 100,000 µmho/cm


4

10 µmhos/cm = 1 mS/m

Calibration Check Check instrument calibration before initial daily use and at least once every 4 hours or every 5 samples, whichever is less. Check instrument with standard solution. Deviations should be noted in the field log book.

1. Turn on the instrument.

2. Hit mode key until “°C” symbol is flashing to indicate temperature corrected results (conductivity units should be µmhos).

3. Read the standard and note the results.

4. Rinse the probe with deionized water.

5. Run the sample and record the results

6. Rinse with deionized water when finished.

Decontaminate the conductivity meter before use at each sample location. Rinse the probe with deionized water before storage each day. Check the meter for battery charge and physical damage each day. Store the meter and conductivity standard in a cool, dry environment.

Operating Procedures 1. Perform calibration at beginning and end of each day.

2. Switch mode to Temperature. Allow time for the probe temperature to come to an equilibrium with the water before reading. Read the temperature on the bottom scale of the meter in degrees Celsius.

3. Switch mode to X100. If the reading is below 50 on the 0 to 500 range (5.0 on the 0 to 50 mS/m range), switch to X10. If the reading is still below 50 (5.0 mS/m), switch to the X1 scale. Read the meter scale and multiply the reading by the mode factor. The answer is expressed in µmhos/cm. Measurements are not temperature compensated.

4. When measuring on the X100 and X10 scales, depress the CELL TEST button. The meter reading should fall less than 2 percent; if greater, the probe is fouled and the measurement is in error. Clean the probe and remeasure.

Operating Suggestions • Obstructions near the probe can disturb readings.

• When the calibration test indicates low readings, the probable cause is dirty electrodes. Hard water deposits, oil, and organic matter are the most likely contaminants.

• Caution: Do not touch the electrodes inside the probe. The plating material is soft and it can be scraped off easily.

• If cleaning does not restore probe performance, replatinizing may be required. Always rinse the probe thoroughly in tap water, then in deionized water after cleaning and


5

before storage. Note that it is best to store conductivity cells in deionized water. Collect rinsate water for storage pursuant to the Waste Management Plan.

• Most problems in obtaining good records with monitoring equipment are related to electrode fouling and inadequate sample circulation.

• Decontaminate the conductivity meter before use at each sample location. Rinse probe with deionized water before storage each day. Check meter for battery charge and physical damage each day. Store the meter and conductivity standard in a cool, dry environment.

• Water temperature readings can be taken using the conductivity meter. Switch from conductivity mode to temperature mode and record the reading in the field notebook.

Attachments None.

Key Checks/Items • Document any deviations from above procedure • Check battery • Check calibration • Clean probe with deionized water when finished • When reading results, note sensitivity settings


Field Measurements of Dissolved Oxygen Purpose The purpose of this operating procedure is to provide a general guideline for the field measurement of dissolved oxygen in water samples.

Scope This procedure provides information regarding the equipment, materials, and procedures used for standard field dissolved oxygen determination in water samples.

Equipment/Materials • Dissolved oxygen meter • Dissolved oxygen probe • Potassium chloride (KCl) probe refill solution • Spare probe membranes • Spray bottle with deionized water


6


• Check batteries • Perform calibration • Check probe membrane

2. Record instrument make, model, and serial number in the log book or data form.

3. Calibrate the meter using the manufacturer’s recommended calibration procedure and take a duplicate reading every 10 samples.

4. Pour the collected water sample into a clean beaker.

5. Rinse probe with deionized water.

6. Immerse the probe in the sample. Record the dissolved oxygen reading in the log book or data form, and record the results once the readings have stabilized.

7. Decontaminate the probe and the beaker and cover them to guard against contamination.

General • Measurement of dissolved oxygen is temperature dependent. Therefore, temperature

correction must be accurate when calibrating.

• Following field measurements:

− Record any problems − Compare with previous data and note any large variances − Clean all dirt off of the meter and from inside the case − Store probe in calibration container with wet towel/sponge

• Accuracy and precision are dependent on the instrument used. Refer to manufacturer’s manual. Expected accuracy and precision are ± 0.1 mg/L.

Key Checks/Items • Check batteries • Check the membrane • Calibrate • Decontaminate and cover the probe

Field Measurements of Oxidation-Reduction Potential Purpose The purpose of this operating procedure is to provide a general guideline for the field measurement of oxidative-reductive potential (ORP) in water samples.


7

Scope Standard field ORP determination techniques for use on groundwater samples.

Equipment/Materials • 0.1 M potassium ferrocyanide • 0.05 M potassium ferricyanide • Hach cat. no. 50280-05 filling solution • Distilled water in a squirt bottle • ORP meter • 2 x 100ml volumetric flasks • Beakers • Glassware that has been washed with soap and water, rinsed twice with hot water, and

rinsed twice with de-ionized water


• Check batteries.

• Obtain fresh standard solutions.

2. Calibrate the meter using the following calibration procedure:

• Transfer 100 ml of 0.1 M potassium ferrocyanide to a 150 ml beaker. Place the electrode in the solution and wait until the reading stabilizes. The potential should be about 234 mV.

• Rinse the electrode with deionized water and repeat with 0.05 M potassium ferricyanide. The potential should read about 300 mV.

3. Pour the sample into a clean beaker.

4. Rinse electrode with distilled water between samples.

5. Immerse the electrode in the sample solution. Record the ORP reading.

6. Recheck the calibration with the iron solutions after every 10 samples.

Decontaminate the ORP meter before use at each sample location. When not in use, the electrode may be stored dry, in air. Remove salt crystals on the outside of the electrode sleeve by rinsing it with distilled water and draining the filling solution from the chamber. Flush the chamber with distilled water and store it dry. Check the meter for a battery charge and physical damage each day. Store the meter and ORP calibration solution in a cool, dry environment.

General 1. The filling solution is Hach cat. No 50280-05


8

2. Following field measurements:

• Report any problems

• Compare with previous data

• Clean all dirt off of the meter and from inside the case

• Store the electrode in a pH 4 buffer solution

3. Accuracy and precision are dependent on the instrument used. Refer to manufacturer’s manual. Expected accuracy and precision are ± 10 mV.

Attachments None.

Key Checks/Items • Check batteries • Calibrate


1

Field Operating Procedure No. 5—Field Filtering Samples

Purpose The purpose of this procedure is to provide a general guideline for the field filtering of water samples for dissolved organic carbon and dissolved metals analysis.

Scope Standard method of field filtering techniques.

Equipment/Materials • Pre-preserved sample container with HNO3 • Deionized water • Peristaltic pump • 0.45 micron cellulose acetate filter • Disposable teflon tubing

Procedures/Guidelines Procedures 1. Place approximately 1.5 feet of disposable Teflon tubing into the peristaltic pump.

2. With the peristaltic pump running, purge the inlet and outer tubing with deionized water. Make sure all of the deionized water is out of the tubing before filtering the sample.

3. Submerge the inlet tube from the peristaltic pump into the sample to be filtered.

4. Attach a new in-line filter to the outlet tube of the peristaltic pump making sure the sample flow is in the same direction as the arrow on the filter housing.

5. Turn on the peristaltic pump and discard a small amount of the initial sample that flows out of the filter. Pump the remainder of the filtered sample into a clean sample bottle.

6. Add the required preservative to the filtered sample.

7. Discard the filter.

8. Repeat step for each sample.

FIELD OPERATING PROCEDURE NO. 5—FIELD FILTERING SAMPLES

2

Attachments None.

Key Checks/Items • All purge/rinse water must be deionized

• Preserve samples when done

1

Field Operating Procedure No. 6—Field Sampling Equipment Decontamination

Purpose The purpose of this procedure is to provide general guidelines for the decontamination of groundwater monitoring equipment, sampling equipment, and sample containers used in potentially contaminated environments.

Scope This is a general description of decontamination procedures. For specific deviations, see the unit-specific field sampling plans.

Equipment / Materials • Deionized water

• Alconox (or other phosphate free detergent) and water solution

• 10% methanol solution

• Large plastic pails or tubs for detergent and water, spray bottles for detergent, methanol and water, plastic bags and sheets

• DOT-approved 55-gallon drum for disposal of waste

Procedures / Guidelines Monitoring/Sampling Equipment Decontamination 1. Cover ground surface with plastic sheet and position equipment over a 5-gallon bucket

and a plastic sheet.

2. Spray down the equipment with liquinox, then methanol solution, and rinse thoroughly with deionized water.

3. Collect all rinsate water in the 5-gallon bucket.

Sample Container Decontamination The outer surface of sample containers filled in the field must be decontaminated before being packed for shipment or handled by personnel without dermal hand protection.

1. Wipe the container with a paper towel dampened with detergent solution after the it has been sealed.

FIELD OPERATING PROCEDURE NO. 6—FIELD SAMPLING EQUIPMENT DECONTAMINATION

2

2. Next, wipe the container with a paper towel dampened with potable water.

3. Dispose of all used paper towels in a DOT-approved 55-gallon drum.

Key Checks/Items • Clean with solutions of detergent, methanol (or isopropanol), and deionized water • Do not use acetone for decontamination • Collect/drum all contaminated rinsate and materials • Document any deviations from the above procedure

1

Field Operating Procedure No. 7—Sample Handling, Packaging, and Shipping

Purpose The purpose of this procedure is to delineate protocols for the packing and shipping of samples to the laboratory for analysis.

Scope This FOP is applicable for all samples collected and prepared for analysis at an offsite laboratory.

Equipment/Materials • Waterproof hard plastic coolers • Plastic zipper bags • Plastic garbage bags • Absorbent packing material (not vermiculite) • Inert cushioning material (not vermiculite) • Ice • USEPA Region 5 sample tags • Chain-of-custody forms (generated by Forms II Lite software) • USEPA Region 5 custody seals • Airbills and shipping pouches (e.g., FedEx) • Clear tape • Strapping tape • Mailing labels

Procedures/Guidelines Prepare Bottles for Shipment 1. Arrange decontaminated sample containers into groups according to sample number.

2. Check that sample container lids are tightly secured.

3. Secure appropriate USEPA Region 5 sample tags around container lids using string or wire.

4. Arrange containers in front of assigned coolers.

5. Affix appropriate adhesive labels to each container. Protect each label with clear tape.

FIELD OPERATING PROCEDURE NO. 7—SAMPLE HANDLING, PACKAGING, AND SHIPPING

2

6. Enclose each sample in a clear, resealable, zipper bag, making sure that sample labels are visible.

Prepare Coolers for Shipment 1. Tape drains shut, inside and out.

2. Affix “This Side UP” labels on all four sides of each cooler and “Fragile” labels on at least two sides of each cooler.

3. Place mailing labels stating the laboratory address on top of the coolers.

4. Place inert cushioning material (e.g., bubble wrap, preformed poly-foam liner) into the bottom of the cooler. Do not use vermiculite.

5. Place appropriate chain-of-custody records with corresponding custody seals on top of each cooler.

6. Place all the samples inside a garbage bag and tie the bag shut.

7. Double bag and seal loose ice in resealable, plastic zipper bags to prevent melting ice from leaking and soaking the packing material. Place the ice outside the garbage bags containing the samples. Place sufficient ice in each cooler to maintain an internal temperature at 4 ± 2°C during transport.

8. Fill each cooler with enough absorbent material (e.g., Perlite, kitty litter, etc.) and packing material to prevent breakage of the sample bottles and to absorb the entire volume of the liquid being shipped (offsite sample shipment only).

9. Sign each chain-of-custody form (or obtain signature) and indicate the time and date that each cooler was custody sealed. Record the USEPA Region 5 custody seals on each chain-of-custody form.

10. Seal the laboratory copies of the chain-of-custody forms in a large resealable plastic zipper bag and tape it to the inside of the lid of each cooler. Retain the Region copies of each chain-of-custody form for return to USEPA. Each cooler must contain a chain-of-custody form (or forms) that corresponds to its contents.

11. Close lid and latch.

12. Carefully peel custody seals from backings and place intact over lid openings (right front and left back). Cover the seals with clear protection tape.

13. Tape each cooler shut on both ends, making several complete revolutions with strapping tape. Do not cover the custody seals with the strapping tape.

14. Relinquish the coolers to the carrier (e.g., FedEx). Place airbill receipts inside a mailing envelope and send it to the sample documentation coordinator along with the other documentation.

FIELD OPERATING PROCEDURE NO. 7—SAMPLE HANDLING, PACKAGING, AND SHIPPING

3

Attachments None.


1

Field Operating Procedure No. 8—Documentation/Chain-of-Custody Procedures

Purpose The purpose of this procedure is to provide a definition of “custody” and to describe protocols for documenting the transfer of custody from one party to the next (e.g., from the site to the laboratory). A documented custody trail is established through the use of sample tags and a USEPA chain-of-custody form that uniquely identifies each sample container and the identity of the individual who has possession of the sample from the its origin to its final destination. The chain-of-custody form also describes the sampling point, date, time, and analysis parameters.

Scope Sample personnel should be aware that a sample is considered to be in a person’s custody if the sample meets the following conditions:

• It is in a person’s actual possession • It is in view after being in a person’s possession • It is locked up so that no one can tamper with it after having been in a person’s physical

custody

When samples leave the custody of the sampler, the cooler must be custody-sealed and its possession must be documented.

Data generated from the use of this FOP may be used to support the following activities: site characterization, risk assessment, and evaluation of remedial alternatives.

Equipment/Materials • Computer with Forms II Lite software loaded • Printer with paper (8.5- × 11-inch) and an ink cartridge (black or color) • USEPA Region 5 Sample Tag • Forms II Lite generated tag label (encouraged, but not mandatory) • Indelible black ink pen

Procedures/Guidelines Chain-of-Custody Forms The chain of custody form must contain the following information:

• CASE NUMBER/CLIENT NUMBER: If a CLP laboratory is used, enter the case number provided by EPA’s RSCC. If the CLP is not used, enter the SAS number provided by CH2M HILL’s Sample & Analytical Coordinator.

FIELD OPERATING PROCEDURE NO. 8—DOCUMENTATION/CHAIN-OF-CUSTODY PROCEDURES

2

• EPA REGION: Enter Region “5”.

• PROJECT CODE: For OEP, choose “TFA-102”.

• CERCLIS ID: For OEP, use “WID006100275”.

• SPILL ID: For OEP, use “05M8”.

• SITE NAME/STATE: For OEP, this will be “Oconomowoc Electroplating”, “WI”.

• PROJECT LEADER: “Bill Andrae”.

• ACTION: For OEP, choose “Long Term Remedial Action”.

• SAMPLING CO.: “CH2M HILL”.

• SAMPLE NO.: This is the unique number that will be used for sample tracking. For CLP, this number is taken from a block of numbers assigned by the EPA RSCC. For non-CLP, the CH2M HILL Sample & Analytical Coordinator will assign this number.

• MATRIX: Describes the sample media (e.g. Groundwater, Soil, Wipe, etc.).

• SAMPLER NAME: The name of the sampler or sample team leader.

• CONCENTRATION: Low (L), Low/Medium (M), or High (H).

• SAMPLE TYPE: “Grab” or “Composite”.

• ANALYSIS: This indicates the analyses required for each sample.

• TAG NO.: This number appears on the bottom of the sample tag and includes a prefix (“5”) followed by a series of numbers. The entire number must appear on the chain-of-custody form.

• PRESERVATIVE: Document what preservative has been added to the sample (e.g. “HCl”, “Ice Only”, “None”).

• STATION LOCATION: This is the CH2M HILL Station Location Identifier.

• SAMPLE COLLECT DATE/TIME: Use military time.

• QC TYPE: This is for field QC only, and includes field duplicates, field blanks, equipment blanks, and trip blanks.

• DATE SHIPPED: The date that samples are relinquished to the shipping carrier.

• CARRIER NAME: The name of the shipping carrier (e.g., “FedEx”).

• AIRBILL: Airbill number used for shipping (if samples are hand-delivered to their destination, “Hand Delivered” should appear in this field).

• SHIPPED TO: This is the laboratory name and full address, including the laboratory contact. If the contact is not known, use “Sample Custodian”.

• CHAIN OF CUSTODY RECORD fields: The sampler’s signature must appear in the “Sampler Signature” and the “Relinquished By” fields. The date and time (military time) must also be included. If additional personnel were involved in sampling, their signatures should appear in the “Additional Sampler Signature(s)” field.

FIELD OPERATING PROCEDURE NO. 8—DOCUMENTATION/CHAIN-OF-CUSTODY PROCEDURES

3

Although the samples are “relinquished” to the shipping carrier, the shipping carrier does not have access to the samples as long as the shipping cooler is custody sealed. Consequently, the shipping carrier does not sign the chain-of-custody form.

• SAMPLE(S) TO BE USED FOR LABORATORY QC: This identifies which samples are to be used for matrix spike/matrix spike duplicate analyses.

• Indicate if shipment for case is complete: Use “Y” or “N”.

• CHAIN-OF-CUSTODY SEAL NUMBER: Record the custody seal numbers that appear on the Region 5 custody seals that can be found on the shipping container. There is usually a minimum of two per shipping container.

Sample Tags Each sample container will be identified with a uniquely-numbered sample tag issued by USEPA Region 5. Each tag will contain the following information:

• Case/SAS number • The unique sample number for sample tracking • CH2M HILL station location (i.e., the sample identifier) • Date of sampling • Time the sample was collected (in military time) • All parameters for which the sample will be analyzed • Preservative used (if any) • Sample type (grab or composite) • Sample concentration (low, medium, high) • Sample matrix (groundwater, soil, air, etc.) • The signature of sample team leader • Identification stating when the sample is intended to be used by the lab for a matrix

spike/matrix spike duplicate

Attachments • Attachment 1: Forms II Lite Quick Reference Guide • Attachment 2: Example Chain-of-Custody Form, Sample Tag, Custody Seal

Key Checks/Items • All sample containers must be properly tagged.

• Each cooler must have a chain-of-custody form and the samples in the cooler (as identified by the sample tags) must match what is listed on the chain-of-custody form.

• Each chain-of-custody form must be properly relinquished (signature, date, time).

• The custody seal numbers must be written on each chain-of-custody form.

• The shipping cooler must be custody sealed in at least two places.

1

FOP-8, Attachment 1 Forms II Lite Quick Reference Guide

Getting Started (a) Click on the Start button on the Windows Desktop and select Programs. Select Forms II

Lite and click on the FORMS II Lite item. The FORMS II Lite application will begin. (b) Click File on the Main Menu bar. Click on the New Site item. The first data entry screen

will appear.

Step 1 - Enter Site Information

a) Enter all relevant information necessary for Chain-of-Custody paperwork (in accordance with Regional guidance). For CLP Traffic Reports (TRs) this includes: • Site Name • State • EPA Region Number • CLP Case Number • Lead Sampler

b) Click the Next button to proceed to Step 2.

Step 2 - Select Sampling Team a) Select sampling team members from the Unassigned Team Members window by

clicking on each name. b) Click the > button. The selected name will move to the SelectedTeam window. Repeat

until all team members for this sampling event are selected. c) Click the Add/Edit Team Members button to add any remaining sampling team

members' names that do not appear in the Unassigned Team Members window. d) Enter the first and last name of each sampler. If you would like to add the sampler to the

permanent list, click the Add to Permanent List box. After you have entered the samplers’ names, click the OK button. These samplers will appear in the Selected Team Members window on the Select Sampling Team screen.

e) Click the Next button to proceed to Step 3.

Step 3 - Select Analysis

a) Select an analysis from the Available Analyses window by clicking on the analysis. b) Click the > button. The selected analysis will move to the Selected Analyses window.

Repeat until all analyses to be performed on samples collected for this sampling event are selected.

c) To edit Turnaround Time, click the Edit Turnaround Days button. The Edit Project and Turnaround screen will appear.

d) Click on the Turnaround Time drop down menu to select the number of days or type in a value. Click Close to close screen.

e) Click the Next button to proceed to Step 4.

2

Step 4 - Enter Station

a) Enter all relevant information necessary for Chain-of-Custody paperwork (in accordance with Regional guidance). For CLP TRs this includes: • Station Name and Location • Sample Matrix • Sample Date/Time • Sample Type • Sampler Name

b) The Sample Date/Time field is strictly military time. You may click on the System Date/Time checkbox to populate the current system date/time value into the sample date/time.

c) Click the Add Station button to enter the name of a new station and continue with the station locations. To enter a new station location associated with a previously entered station, click on the station name, then click the Add Location button, and enter the name of the new station location.

d) Click the Next button to proceed to Step 5.

Step 5 - Assign Bottles and Samples

a) Select the Station Location from the Station/Location window. b) Select the analyses associated with the containers from the Analysis window. If more

than one analysis is associated with a container, select the additional analysis(es) by holding down the control key, and clicking on the additional analysis(es).

c) Enter the number of bottles that will be assigned a specific analysis or set of analyses. d) Enter the sample tag prefix and starting tag number. Click Auto Increment Tag Number

if you wish to assign sequential tag numbers for your sampling event. Sample numbers are automatically and sequentially assigned for your sampling event and are unique per Station Location.

e) By default CLP sample numbers are automatically used for CLP analyses. Note that FORMS II Lite generates CLP sample numbers using a BASE 32 system which differs from the CLASS generated CLP sample numbers.

f) Edit the sample number and other pertinent information for these samples in the space provided. After you have confirmed your entries, click the down arrow.

g) Repeat steps 5b through 5f until all desired analyses have been assigned to bottles. h) Click the Next button to proceed to Step 6.

Generate Labels

a) Click the Generate Labels button in Step 5. The application automatically displays samples for the current Station Location. These are the samples for which labels will be generated. Click the appropriate checkbox at the bottom of the screen to select all samples for the station or site. Enter the number of labels to print next to each record if you need more than one.

b) Click the Generate Labels button and select the appropriate label template to view, then click OK. Edit an existing template by clicking the Edit Label button. If you wish to add a new label template, click the Add New Label button and follow the wizard to create a

3

new template. Enter the number of blank labels to control printing on a label other than the first one on the page.

c) View the labels at the end of the edit label or new label process. If labels are not acceptable, close the view and edit the label template. If the labels are acceptable, print the labels.

d) Select File and then Print from the Main Menu bar. Select the desired number of copies to be printed and click the OK button to print the labels. Click Close to return to Step 5.

Step 6 - Select Samples and Assign Lab

a) Select a laboratory from the Lab Code drop down menu. If the laboratory where samples will be shipped does not appear in the list, click the Add Lab button and add the lab information.

b) Select samples from the Unassigned Samples window by holding down the [Ctrl] key and clicking on each sample that will be shipped to this laboratory. After you have selected all the samples for the laboratory, click the down arrow.

c) Repeat steps 6a and 6b until all samples have been assigned to laboratories. d) Click the Next button to proceed to Step 7.

Step 7 - Select Labs and Assign Shipping

a) Enter the carrier, date of shipment and airbill number. b) Select samples from the Unassigned window by holding down the [Ctrl] key and

clicking on each sample that will be shipped using this airbill. After you have selected the samples to be shipped, click the down arrow.

c) Repeat steps 7a and 7b until all samples have been assigned airbill numbers. d) Click the Finish button for system generated TRs. FORMS II Lite will then display a

screen that enables you to view and print TRs for the site. e) Click Next and proceed to Step 8 to customize TRs for specific sets of samples.

Step 8 - Customize Traffic Report a) Confirm the last four digits of the TR number. (The first two digits represent the Region

number, the next nine digits are a random number and the next six digits are the date the TR was created, and the last four digits are automatically incremented by the system but may be edited by the user.)

b) Select a shipment from the Shipping window. Select the samples from the Samples window that will be assigned to this TR. After you have selected the samples, click the down arrow. (NOTE: samples must be of the same program type and must have the same project code to be assigned to a single TR.)

c) Repeat steps 8a and 8b until all samples have been assigned. d) Click the Finish button. FORMS II Lite will display a screen that will enable you to view,

print, archive and export TRs. Follow the directions to print the TRs.

Quick Edit a) On the View/Print TR screen displayed after completion of Step 8, click the Quick Edit

button.

4

b) The user may edit most data fields, except those in red, prior to printing a TR. Also able to sort and filter any column and print a report.

Helpful Hints to Use FORMS II Lite 4.0

This Quick Reference Guide is designed to help FORMS II Lite users enter information for their sampling events and generate bottle labels and Chain-of-Custody paperwork. FORMS II Lite provides users the flexibility to enter most of their information ahead of the sampling event.

FORMS II Lite allows users to:

• Add values that are not included in the “list and pick” menus: Select Admin from the Main Menu bar, enter the password to log in. Admin now shows the user as being (logged in). Select Reference Tables, and choose the table that requires editing.

• Customize screens and disable non-key fields: While logged into Admin on the Main Menu Bar, select Custom Features and click on Field Names. Field names and non-key fields can be renamed or hidden on the screen.

• Review the data entered throughout the data entry process by clicking on the Quick View button in Steps 4 through 8.

• Select multiple items by highlighting the first item, then hold down the [Ctrl] key and click on the additional items. Or simply click and drag to highlight multiple items.

• Sort data displayed in windows by clicking on the column label. Click on a second column label for a secondary sort.

• Specify more than one sampler’s name for samples collected at a

• specific station location. In Step 4, select a sampler’s name, then click within the data entry field after the name. Type a comma and type in the second name.

• Export Site information as either a text or (.dbf) file.

• Note: FORMS II Lite will not allow information that has been typed over to be saved as a separate file. Once a value in a field has been replaced (edited) with a new value, the original value is lost.

User Preferences

• The following features are maintained in User Preferences under Admin on the Main Menu bar and can be turned on or off.

• Select Copy Station to make the button available in Step 4 to duplicate the current station and its station location information. Copy Location duplicates station locations.

• Select the option Use Default Number of Bottles, set in the Analysis Reference Tables, to populate the number of containers for each analysis in Step 5.

5

• Select Assign All to make the button available in Step 5 to assign each of the analyses to a separate container. Set the number of containers for each analysis in the bottles field or define through User Preferences.

• Select One-Step Printing to make this button available in Step 5 to print labels or tags with a single click. Label template, and number of copies are defined in User Preferences.

1

FOP-8, Attachment 2 Chain-of-Custody Form, Sample Tag, Custody Seal

1

Field Operating Procedure No. 9—Surface Water Sampling Procedures

Purpose The following describes the procedures for the collection of surface water samples. Methods were developed in accordance with procedures presented in previous USEPA publications.

Scope This procedure is applicable for collecting surface water samples that can be collected directly from the surface water body by direct submersion of a sample container or by using a glass or stainless steel beaker to collect a sample for filling sample bottles. This must be performed in a safe manner from the water’s edge. Wading to collect the sample is not normally acceptable, as this will agitate sediment into the water column. Wading is only considered to be part of acceptable sampling procedure if the current is significant enough that the sample will not be impacted by recently agitated sediment.

Equipment/Materials The following list presents the equipment needed for surface water sampling of organic site-related constituents, as specified in the FSP.

• Sample bottles and coolers for submittal to the laboratory. • A clean glass or stainless steel beaker/container • Field notebook, sample data sheets, chain-of-custody forms, and custody seals. • Ice for sample coolers. • Appropriate PPE.

During the preparation for the field event, the list should be reviewed and modified, as appropriate, to accommodate sample collection of additional analytes or other site-related activities.

Procedures/Guidelines The following activities shall be completed in order to collect a viable sample:

1. Sample collector should position themselves safely along the edge of the water body.

2. Rinse glass or stainless steel beaker in water body several times.

3. Immerse glass or stainless steel beaker in water body and fill.

FIELD OPERATING PROCEDURE NO. 9—SURFACE WATER SAMPLING PROCEDURES

2

4. Transfer water in beaker to sample container. Any sample containers containing chemical preservative should not be overfilled.

5. Repeat until adequate sample volume is collected.

6. Place all samples in designated sample cooler(s).

Attachments None.

Key Checks/Items Make sure glass or stainless steel beaker is rinsed several times in sample water before sampling.

1

Field Operating Procedure No. 10—Private Residential Well Groundwater Sampling Procedures

Purpose The following describes the procedures for the collection of groundwater samples from private residential wells. Methods were developed in accordance with procedures presented in previous USEPA publications.

Scope This procedure is applicable for residential wells that are functioning within their designed specifications, and is considered to be appropriate for collections of VOCs, SVOCs, PCBs, and metals. This procedure is not appropriate for the collection of LNAPLs or DNAPLs. The well owner should be consulted for any specific well operating procedures.

Equipment/Materials The following list presents the equipment needed for groundwater sampling of organic site-related constituents, as specified in the FSP.

• Sample bottles and coolers for submittal to the laboratory • Field notebook, sample data sheets, chain-of-custody forms, and custody seals • Ice for sample coolers • Appropriate PPE • Tool box

During the preparation for the field event, this list should be reviewed and modified, as appropriate, to accommodate the needs of the well owner and/or the collection of additional analytes.

Procedures/Guidelines Pre-sampling Activities (Purging) The following activities shall be completed before the start of sampling:

1. If possible, locate a tap/faucet/spigot that will allow samples to be collected upstream of any water treatment/conditioning, such as softeners, filters, or chlorination systems.

2. Confirm that the tap/faucet/spigot selected is deemed acceptable for sampling to the well owner.

FIELD OPERATING PROCEDURE NO. 10—PRIVATE RESIDENTIAL WELL GROUNDWATER SAMPLING PROCEDURES

2

3. If present, remove aerator on tap/faucet/spigot.

4. Run water through the plumbing system to keep the well running continuously for at least 15 minutes, and also allow any storage/pressure tanks to be drained.

5. Make sure any water being purged is properly collected/diverted out of or away from the Owner’s buildings.

Sampling Activities Procedures for sampling are as follows:

1. Fill all sample containers directly at selected tap/faucet/spigot. Any sample containers containing chemical preservative should not be overfilled.

2. Place all samples in designated sample cooler(s).

3. Make sure sampling point is shut off before leaving private property.

Attachments None.

Key Checks/Items • System purge. • Water softner/filter. • Sample tap aerator. • Sources of contamination.

1

Field Operating Procedure No. 11—Hollow-Stem Auger Drilling and Soil Sample Logging

Purpose The purpose of this field operating procedure is to provide guidance for logging soil samples using hollow-stem auger drilling methods.

Scope The method described for hollow-stem auger soil sampling is applicable for soil sampling below the ground surface. Specific equipment and the responsibilities of drilling subcontractors are described in the project specific work plan and/or contracting documentation.

Equipment/Materials • As specified in ASTM Method D-1586-99 • Photoionization Detector (PID) & Combustible Gas Indicator (CGI) • Soil/Rock logging sheets • Personal Protective Equipment

Procedures/Guidelines 1. Ensure that augers, split-barrel samplers (split spoons), and other non-dedicated

downhole equipment and sampling equipment are decontaminated.

2. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), as required by the H&S plan.

3. While drilling, subsurface soil samples will be collected continuously from the ground surface to the bottom of the boring using 2-foot–long, split-barrel samplers advanced in accordance with the ASTM Method D-1586-99. Between sampling intervals, the samplers will be decontaminated in accordance with the procedures outlined in Field Operating Procedure No. 6—Field Sampling Equipment Decontamination.

4. Drill rig operators will open the sampler and present it to the field staff for logging and/or sampling. PID screening of each sampler interval will be performed by the field geologist/field technician, and will be recorded on the borehole log sheet. Samples will be logged according to the visual methods outlined in ASTM Method D-2487-98.

5. After an interval is logged, the hollow stem augers will be advanced to the next sampling interval. During auger advancement, a bottom plug or drill bit will be inserted into the auger to prevent soils from collecting within the auger annulus. Prior to collection of the next soil sample, the bottom plug or drill bit will be temporarily

FIELD OPERATING PROCEDURE NO. 11—HOLLOW-STEM AUGER DRILLING AND SOIL SAMPLE LOGGING

2

removed from the auger. This procedure of sampling, auger advancement, and sampling will continue to planned depth of the boring, or until refusal.

6. The drilling subcontractor will be responsible for notifying the field geologist/field technician of changes in drilling conditions, and keeping a separate general log of the soils encountered and blow counts (the number of hammer blows required to advance the sampler 6 inches into the ground).

7. Excess drill cuttings will be contained in designated 55-gallon drums.

Key Checks/Items 1. Verify that the drill rig is clean and in proper working order.

2. Ensure that the drilling subcontractor collects and contains all soil cuttings, IDW (investigation-derived waste), and decontamination rinse water.

1

Field Operating Procedure No. 12—Monitoring Well Installation and Development

Purpose To provide site personnel with a review of the well installation procedures that will be performed. These procedures are to be considered general guidelines only, and are in no way intended to supplement or replace the contractual specifications of the driller’s subcontract.

Scope The methods describe the procedure for monitoring well installation following hollow-stem auger drilling in unconsolidated sediment/soil. Specific equipment and the responsibilities of drilling subcontractors are described in the project specific work plan and/or contracting documentation. All well construction and development shall meet the requirements of Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources regulations (NR 141).

Equipment/Materials • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) • Photoionization Detector (PID) • Combustible Gas Indicator (CGI) • Monitoring well construction form

Procedures/Guidelines Unconsolidated Sediment/Soil Well Installation (HSA Drilling Methods) 1. Monitoring wells will be installed using hollow-stem auger drilling methods described

in Field Operating Procedure No. 11— Hollow-Stem Auger Drilling and Soil Sample Logging. For the purposes of installing a 2-inch diameter monitoring well, augers with at least 4.25 inch inner diameter will be used. The monitoring well shall be sufficiently plumb and straight such that there is no interference with the utilization of sampling equipment.

2. While drilling, subsurface soil samples will be collected continuously from ground surface to the bottom of the boring using a 2 ft long split-barrel samplers advanced in accordance with ASTM Method D-1586-99.

3. After augers have been advanced to the required depth and soil sampling/logging is complete as specified by the on-site field geologist/field technician, the monitoring well materials will be installed through the augers as specified in ASTM Method D-5784-95.

FIELD OPERATING PROCEDURE NO. 12—MONITORING WELL INSTALLATION AND DEVELOPMENT

2

The monitoring well will consist of a length of 2-inch diameter schedule 40 PVC flush threaded casing (meeting ASTM D-1785 specifications) to a 0.010-inch machine slotted well screen (appropriate for the surrounding material and well function). When screening a water table well, the screen may not exceed 15 feet in length. Piezometer screens may not exceed 5 feet.

4. A sand filter pack, consisting of a washed and graded silica sand with at least 90% of the retained grain size greater than 0.010 inches, will be placed between the outside of the well screen and the borehole wall. A downhole tape measure will be used to assess the proper emplacement of the sand filter pack. The sand filter pack will extend from 6 inches below the bottom of the well screen to a minimum of 2 feet above the top of the well screen.

5. A bentonite seal, consisting of a bentonite slurry or bentonite chips, will be placed on top of the sand filter pack and will be a minimum thickness of 2 feet. If the seal extends above the groundwater table and bentonite chips were used, potable water will be used to hydrate the bentonite.

6. Following the installation of the bentonite seal, the remaining annular space between the outside of the riser casing and the borehole wall will be filled with a cement/bentonite grout mixture.

7. A locking compressive plug will be inserted into the top of the riser casing. An above-grade protective casing will be installed over the top of the riser casing and cemented in place. A lock will also be installed to add protection for the well.

8. Monitoring well specifications will be recorded on a monitoring well construction form.

9. Excess drill cuttings will be contained in designated 55-gallon drums.

Well Development Following installation, the monitoring wells will be developed to remove any fine-grained materials that may have settled in and around the well screen during installation. This helps to ensure that the well is transmitting groundwater representative of the surrounding aquifer. Well development activities will be conducted a minimum of 24 hours after completion of well construction. This allows time for the bentonite and cement to cure.

Well development will be completed using an appropriate method, such as a low-yield submersible pump, air jetting, or bailing. Development will be accomplished by surging the well screen followed by purging the suspended sediments. Water quality parameters such as pH, temperature, and specific conductance may be periodically monitored to assess stabilization of formation water within the well screen. Well development will continue until the well yields relatively sediment-free water and/or monitored water parameters have stabilized. These parameters can be considered stabilized when pH measurements are within 0.5 units, temperature variation within 0.1 degrees C, and specific conductance within 10 percent.

A well development record will be maintained by the on-site field geologist/field technician. This record should include documentation of well development methods used, the estimated volume of water purged, and results of water quality parameters monitored.

FIELD OPERATING PROCEDURE NO. 12—MONITORING WELL INSTALLATION AND DEVELOPMENT

3

Specific NR 141 rules regarding monitoring well development are dependant upon whether or not the well can be purged dry or not. If the well cannot be purged dry, development of the well should consist of 30 minutes of surge and purge cycling. Following the 30 minutes of surge/purge cycling, the well should be pumped or bailed until “10 well volumes of water are removed or until the well produced sediment free water”. For wells that can be purged dry, development should be performed in such a way as to limit agitation by slowly purging the well. No water should be added to the well and surging should not be performed.

Fluids generated during well development activities will be contained in on-site 55-gallon drums. Equipment used during well development will be decontaminated in accordance with Field Operating Procedure No. 6—Field Sampling Equipment Decontamination.

Key Checks/Items 1. Verify that the PVC materials are new, clean, undamaged, and threaded properly.

2. Ensure that the drilling subcontractor collects and contains all development purge water, IDW (investigation-derived waste), and decontamination rinse water.

3. Verify that all NR 141 requirements are being met with regards to well construction and development.