Dourdan December 2008. Work Package 8: Objectives To assemble and report an observational data base of measurements of carbon and carbon-related properties.

DourdanDecember 2008

Work Package 8: ObjectivesTo assemble and report an observational data base of measurements of carbon and carbon-related properties in the ocean interior through collection, merging and reporting of new and historical data

Three working groups:

North Atlantic (Chair: Toste Tanhua)Arctic Mediterranean Seas (Chair: Are Olsen)Southern Ocean (Chair: Mario Hoppema)

…..with the able assistance of Bob Key…..

Progress:

Assembled the CARINA database. All data sets have undergone 1st level quality-control.Developed custom on-line collaboration and quality-control tools (Carsten Schirnick, IFM-GEOMAR)Final CARINA technical workshop (Paris, 18-19 June, 2008)All data sets have undergone 2nd level quality control.Individual data sets and recommended adjustments publicly available.

1st page of the Cruise Table…. now 187 entries

On-Line Collaboration for Multiparameter QA / QCCrossover Analyses and Recommended Corrections

Cruise data, annotations and recommended adjustments available nowData “product” status: report of the CARINA team on Friday

Decadal Changes in Ocean Carbon Science

and

Career Structures

(post GEOSECS / TTO era)

Risk and Rewards of Data Collection and Publication

The past 3-4 decades (since GEOSECS / TTO) have seen many changes including :1) The emergence of numerical modeling as a major discipline;2) A trend towards multi-investigator, multi-national data collection;3) Integration of data management professionals into projects and proposals;4) Performance assessment based increasingly on quantitative measures (publications)

How has the position of the observational scientist changed over this time period?

GEOSECS / TTO era: collect data, analyse them in small teams, data published together with description

and scientific interpretation in peer-reviewed publications that included tables of data.

Today’s world:Funding to make measurements is on condition that data are freely and rapidly

made available to everyone, including those that have taken no part in the physical and intellectual effort of data collection.

Journals do not allow tables of data to be included in papers. Data are relegated to “supplemental materials”, or citations of impersonal databanks. Excellent data collection, and even originality of data with description, are no longer sufficient grounds for publication.

Observational scientists are in competition for research funds and professional advancement with scientists who do not collect data themselves but rather publish papers based on analysis and synthesis of data collected by others.

Observational scientists are faced with a triple responsibility: • they must collect data; • they must spend time documenting, correcting and reporting data…. often for the benefit of others;• they must compete in the normal scientific world (i.e. publish)

What should their strategy be?

1. Hold onto your data until ready to publish.

A COMMON STRATEGY BUT HOLDS UP PROGRESS. NOT ACCEPTABLE. DISCOURAGED BY COMMUNITY DISAPPROVAL AND SANCTIONS:

2. Hope for, or negotiate, co-authorship on papers that analyse / use your data.

LEADS INEVITABLY TO MULTI-AUTHOR PAPERS. COMMON STRATEGY IN MATURE FIELDS OF “BIG SCIENCE”. RARE TO NON-EXISTENT IN MARINE SCIENCE. DIFFICULT TO ENCOURAGE GIVEN REQUIREMENT TO MAKE DATA PUBLIC.

A better strategy?Develop career-relevant incentives / rewards for observational scientists, not only sanctions. Carrots can be used, as well as sticks.

peer-reviewed, citable publications on the basis of collection, description and reporting of high-quality data sets.

peer-review on the basis of criteria such as:

Originality, Quality, Quantity, UtilityAdequacy of data description (metadata) And… of course… availability of data

Articles may pertain to the planning, instrumentation and execution of experiments or collection of data.

Any interpretation of data is outside the scope of regular articles.

Articles on methods describe nontrivial methods employed, e.g. to filter, normalize or convert raw data to primary, published data, as well as nontrivial instrumentation or operational methods.

Any comparison to other methods is out of scope of regular articles.

A Common Problem?New Copernicus Journal: Earth System Science Data

Special Issue of ESSD is planned on the CARINA Data Assembly and QA / QC.

A total of 15 papers in preparation on various aspects of the CARINA data set

Work package 9: Objectives

1) To establish optimal methods to assess anthropogenic CO2 (Cant) inventories and temporal change.

2) To apply these methods in combination with existing and new highest accuracy data in order to quantify the inventory of anthropogenic CO2 in the Atlantic and Southern Oceans.

M. Gerber, F. Joos, M. Vazquez-Rodriguez, F. Touratier, and C. Goyet. Regional air-sea fluxes of anthropogenic carbon inferred with an Ensemble Kalman Filter. Global Biogeochemical Cycles , submitted, 2008.

Vázquez-Rodríguez, M., Touratier, F., Lo Monaco, C., Waugh, D. W., Padin, X. A., Bellerby, R. G. J., Goyet, C., Metzl, N., Ríos, A. F., and Pérez, F. F.: Anthropogenic carbon distributions in the Atlantic Ocean: data-based estimates from the Arctic to the Antarctic, Biogeosciences Discuss., 5, 1421-1443, 2008.

Pérez, F. F., Vázquez-Rodríguez, M., Louarn, E., Padín, X. A., Mercier, H., and Ríos, A. F.: Temporal variability of the anthropogenic CO2 storage in the Irminger Sea, Biogeosciences Discuss., 5, 1587-1606, 2008.

Tanhua, T., D. W. Waugh, and D. W. R. Wallace (2008), Use of SF6 to estimate anthropogenic CO2 in the upper ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 113, C04037, doi:10.1029/2007JC004416

Tanhua, T., Jones, E.P., Jeansson, E., Jutterström, S., Smethie, W.M.,Jr., Wallace, D.W.R., and L.G. Anderson, Ventilation of the Arctic Ocean: mean ages and inventories of anthropogenic CO2 and CFC-11, J. Geophys. Res. (Oceans), In Press

Steinfeldt, R., et al., TTD-based estimates of Cant in the North Atlantic, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, in review

+ MANY MORE ON THE WAY !!!

Perez et al., 2008; Regional Analysis Irminger Sea

Now…. If we could just do this in the Southern Ocean (coming soon?)

Tanhua et al., 2008Regional Analysis. Arctic Ocean.

TTD approach to Cant

using CFCs and SF6

Cant inventory (2005)c. 2.5 to 3.3 PgC(2% of global)

~2 PgC lower than value estimated in Sabine et al., 2004

Gerber et al., 2008

Ensemble Kalman Filter Data Assimilation of Cant data

Atlantic, basin-scale analysis

PROVOR CTS3 DO

WP 10: Oxygen Float Project

PROVCARBON

Final proof-of-concept field experiment using 6 newly developed oxygen floats took place in Feb. 2008 during a cruise of the French R/V L’Atalante off Mauritania.

WP 10: Oxygen Float Project

Oxygen time-series

All six floats are working well and together have provided more than 270 high-quality oxygen profiles (plus T, S, and transmission from two floats) since February 2009 >270 profiles from

6 CarboOcean floats in ~9 months

WP 10: Oxygen Float Project

Oxygen time-series

Example: 56 profiles by float WMO #6900632 showing upwelling dynamics off Mauritania

active coastalupwelling of low-oxygen waters

Sub-surface respiration of organic matter

produced in upwelled waters