DOE UL Electrical Safety Update (Childers)

8/13/2019 DOE UL Electrical Safety Update (Childers)

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Agenda

Whats going on?

A new On-line Capability- Easy to use, no charge- Great information: Guide Book & NEC data

ULs Special Advisory Services- New & Unusual

- Hazard-based Assessments and POA

The Next Decade: Its all about ENERGY!


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So what is going on?

On-line Assistance via an On-Line Directory

The New & Unusual Program

A New and Unusual Example

Summary


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S h i i ?


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Summary

All Th Ad t g


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All The Advantages

Clearly Defined Rules &Regulations

Promotes StandardDevelopment

Optimizes & DiversifiesStaff Engineering Time

Improved Tracking ofProduct Development

Customer Satisfaction

Product Integrity

Better Business

Decisions

Accelerated Process

Special AdvisoryServices

S h t i g i g ?


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Summary

Wind Turbine Manufacturers


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Wind Turbine Manufacturers GE Energy, Vestas, Gamesa, Suzlon, Enercon, Siemens, Clipper

Wind, Goldwind, Xian Nordex & more about thirty LS-WTEGM 7,000 + wind turbines installed worldwide (07 +/- 8,500)

Commercial, Utility / Govt owned or operated

60 GW global generating ( 72 GW 07) / 10 GW in US ( 12 GW) Limited Available Certification

Use IEC standards that lack robust, up-to-date electrical shock, fire andHBSE / RISK requirements given diverse electrical rating ranges

UL Classification program is pending the development of appropriaterequirements

California #1 (3 k) Texas #2 (2.4 k)Minnesota #3 (< 1 k)

Source: Renewable 2005, Martinot et al; ACORE

Wind Energy Generating Capacity


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Wind Energy Generating Capacity

Source: AWEA

Large Scale WTG Technology Advancements


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Large Scale WTG Technology Advancements

Source: AWEA

Technology and Safety Issues


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Technology and Safety Issues

Production of larger turbines 1-3.6 MW turbines have blade diameters of 60 to 115 m

3-blade rotor; a 3-stage gearbox is most common Germanys Enercon produces a single-gear generator

5 MW turbines are the largest; three prototypes are

functioning Site (Terrestrial / Near or Far off-shore)

Large amounts of land required; permit and site issues Offshore wind farms have great potential (Denmark

160 MW)

Putting It Into Perspective 1.5 MW Turbine


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g p


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Perspective


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Perspective

G t1.5 MW Turbine


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PitchSystem

Gear Box

Brake

Slip Ring

Generator

Top Box

WiringHarness

Yaw Drive

Bus

Duct

DTASite 1 - USA

Site GMBH

Winch

In-LineHeater

Cables andInterconnections

Color Key

Wind VaneAnemometer

Internal Diagram 1.5 MW Turbine


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g

Evaluation @ 1.5 MW - Specifications


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Cut-in / out @ 4 & 25 m / sRated WS @ 1.5 MW: 13 m / sRD: 70.5 m

HA / 3-blade upstreamSweep Area: 3 904 m 2

Tower: 100 m

(5) Yaw: EM system withwind C & D sensors; a

PLC system with R / Cand monitoring

(6) Generator: Dual-fed3 asynchronous

(3) Noise suppressionfor blades, gearboxand e-generator

(1) WP Control: A dynamicblade / pitch control system

(2) Fail safe braking system

with an e-mech individualblade pitch control systemhaving a dynamic hydraulicparking brake(7) Gearbox: A planetary

three-step spur gear

system

Wind Turbine

System M / EAttributes

(4) Converter: PW-M,IGBT f-type s-s techno

WTEG Dynamics


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1. Wind Fuel: W k = ( A V 3 )Wk = ( 3 904 m 2 13 3 )

Betzs Theoretical Limit @ 59.3%

4. Factorsrho ( ) = Coefficient of wind density

( eff ) = Coefficient of machine efficiencyLift / Drag Aerodynamics, CE, and MS

significantly influence performance

3. Refined Electric Power P W = ( eff p 3 904 13 3 )

1.5 MW = ( 0.7 0.5 3 904 13 3 )

( 70% typical efficiency rating )(0.5 typical D-coefficient )

2. Wind Electric Power Wind Electric Power Watts = 1/2 ( A V3 )P W = ( 3 904 13 3 )P W converted to M hp

W k = Wind EnergyA = Area in m 2

V 3 = Velocity cubed( kg / m 3 )

Nacelle And Single Unit 1.5 MW Generator


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Working Space & Clearances


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2.5 MW Turbine - Integrated Lift / Modular Generator


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Wiring From Nacelle Through Tower


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Conductor Bundle and Raceway


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Typical Service Access Means 1.5 MW


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Lighting Protection


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Major Component / Standard / Requirement Strategy


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Winch: UL 1340 (Article 610)

In-line Heater: UL 499 - Electric Heating Appliances Generator Insulation System: UL1446 - Systems of Insulating Materials Bussway: IEEE C37.23 Metal Enclosed Bus (Article 368) Cartridge Heaters (for gearbox): UL1030 - Sheathed Heating Elements

Generator: UL1004B (Article 445) Slip Ring: UL 508 (Article 670) Yaw Drive: UL 508 Gearbox: UL 508

Brake Assembly: UL 508 Anemometer: UL 508 DTA: UL1741 - Inverters, Converters, Controllers and Interconnection

System Equipment for Use With Distributed Energy Resources

Top Box: UL 508A (Article 409) Pitch Control: UL 508A (Article 700-702) Hub Components (other than Pitch): UL 508A Lightning Protection: UL 96 / 96A (Article 285 / NFPA 780, etc)

Major Component / Standards/ Requirement(s)


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Sub-assemblies: NFPA 70, NFPA 79, NFPA 70B Machine head Tower sections HubFull Wind Turbine Electrical - OOI / NFPA 79 Fire - OOI / NFPA 79 Lightning Protection - UL 96, UL 96A, NFPA 780, Annex O, UL 1449-3rd

Ed., IEC 62305 series, IEC TR61400-24, Germanischer Lloyd-Guideline forWind Turbines 2003-IV-8-9

Mechanical - IEC 61400-2 Short Circuit UL 891 - Deadfront Switchboards (Article 408) Grid interconnection FERC / Power Purchase Agreements / Local, State

Utility or Public Utility Commission / UL 1741 Sub-assembler concerns - IPI related, OEM Classification vs Listing OOI, UL Standards, NFPA 79, IEC 61400-2, etc UL Field Evaluations (various UL Standards, NEC, HBSE, Functional Safety)



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Summary - and Thank You Very Much!

DOE UL Electrical Safety Update (Childers)

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