U(D54G1D)y+#!?!\!$!" The Open Cities Community Health Center in St. Paul, Minn., is considering shutting down be- cause it doesn’t have enough face masks. Doctors at Barnes Jewish Hospital in St. Louis are perform- ing invasive procedures on coro- navirus patients with loose-fitting surgical masks rather than the tight respirator masks recom- mended by health agencies. At a Los Angeles emergency room, doctors were given a box of ex- pired masks, and when they tried to put them on, the elastic bands snapped. With coronavirus cases soar- ing, doctors, nurses and other front-line medical workers across the United States are confronting a dire shortage of masks, surgical gowns and eye gear to protect them from the virus. In interviews, doctors said they were increasingly anxious, fear- ing they could expose not only themselves to the virus, but also their families and others. “There’s absolutely no way to protect myself,” said Dr. Faezah A. Bux, an anesthesiologist in cen- tral Kentucky who in recent days had to intubate several elderly pa- tients in respiratory distress with- out the respirator masks and pro- tective eye gear recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “Not only can I not protect myself, I can’t protect my patients.” At a White House briefing on Thursday, President Trump said that millions of masks were in pro- duction and that the federal gov- ernment had made efforts to ad- dress the shortages, though he did not provide details. But he said it was largely up to governors to deal with the problem. “The federal government’s not supposed to be out there buying vast amounts of items and then shipping,” Mr. Trump said. “You know, we’re not a shipping clerk.” While doctors grappled with supply problems, the State De- partment advised Americans who are abroad to either come home now or plan to stay overseas until the pandemic is under control. In Italy, the death toll is now more than 3,400, a higher number of fa- talities than even in China. At home, the number of re- ported cases grew to over 11,000, Senate Republicans released a plan that would provide checks of up to $1,200 for many taxpayers, and Gov. Gavin Newsom of Cali- fornia issued an order that state residents “stay at home.” In talking about the medical supplies shortage, the president said there were no immediate plans to address medical equip- ment shortages by activating the Defense Production Act, a Korean DOCTORS SOUND ALARM AS A NATION STRUGGLES Shortages of Gear Imperil Staffs at Hospitals This article is by Andrew Jacobs, Matt Richtel and Mike Baker. W.Va. Conn. La. Minn. Mo. N.M. Hawaii Tenn. Va. N.J. Wash. Ohio Ariz. Nev. D.C. Md. Ga. Texas Alaska Ore. Mich. Iowa N.C. Calif. Pa. Neb. Ind. Utah N.H. Ky. Del. Kan. Idaho S.C. Ala. Colo. Mass. R.I. N.Y. Maine Vt. Fla. S.D. Mont. Wyo. N.D. Ill. Miss. Wis. Okla. Ark. 107 11 5,200+ 97 78 68 6 35 17 287 187 742 26 2 106 52 288 39 92 15 19 33 347 216 16 28 50 33 145 81 56 26 44 43 1,026 60 876 256 38 82 12 63 96 32 22 389 75 39 77 107 11 Coronavirus cases in the United States, by county, as of March 19 at 4 p.m. Eastern time National total: at least 11,000 Atlanta Miami New Orleans Los Angeles Seattle New York City Chicago 1,000 2,000 March 19: 3,045 Number of new cases announced each day THE NEW YORK TIMES Feb. 28: 5 Sources: state and local health agencies, hospitals, C.D.C. Continued on Page A11 The only thing that should have been different about the first Fri- day in March was the apple crisp. Heaven Frilot didn’t usually cook at the end of the workweek, in- stead letting her family snack on leftovers — a roast or pork chops she’d made earlier, maybe — or or- der pizza. But her 10-year-old son, Ethan, was having a friend over that night, and her husband, Mark, a lawyer, was coming off a crushing week of arbitration. She would bake an apple crisp. Then Mark Frilot — 45 years old, “never, ever sick” — came home with a fever. In the haze of days that fol- lowed, Ms. Frilot, a 43-year-old oil- and-gas analyst, occupied one world, the rest of her community in Kenner, La., another. She saw her friends making jokes on social media about the coronavirus — eye-roll emojis, Fox News talking points, Rush Limbaugh quotes writing off the threat. And then one person asked if anyone really had this thing. Ms. Frilot had an answer. “I have been seeing a lot of posts about people taking this vi- rus lightly and joking about it,” she began in a Facebook post. “Mark has tested positive for the coronavirus.” Days earlier, it never occurred to Ms. Frilot (pronounced FREE- low) that her husband’s fever that Is Anyone Actually Sick? Yes, She Told Her Friends, My Husband By ELAINA PLOTT Putting a Local Face on the Coronavirus Continued on Page A11 WASHINGTON — A global arms race for a coronavirus vac- cine is underway. In the three months since the vi- rus began its deadly spread, China, Europe and the United States have all set off at a sprint to become the first to produce a vac- cine. While there is cooperation on many levels — including among companies that are ordinarily fierce competitors — hanging over the effort is the shadow of a nationalistic approach that could give the winner the chance to fa- vor its own population and poten- tially gain the upper hand in deal- ing with the economic and geo- strategic fallout from the crisis. What began as a question of who would get the scientific acco- lades, the patents and ultimately the revenues from a successful vaccine is suddenly a broader is- sue of urgent national security. And behind the scramble is a harsh reality: Any new vaccine that proves potent against the co- ronavirus — clinical trials are al- ready underway in the United States, China and Europe — is sure to be in short supply as gov- ernments try to ensure that their own people are the first in line. In China, 1,000 scientists are at work on a vaccine, and the issue has already been militarized: Re- searchers affiliated with the Acad- emy of Military Medical Sciences A Global Race To Figure Out A Silver Bullet This article is by David E. Sanger, David D. Kirkpatrick, Sui-Lee Wee and Katrin Bennhold. Vaccine research at Arcturus Therapeutics in San Diego. BING GUAN/REUTERS Continued on Page A17 In an early sign of the coro- navirus pandemic’s devastating impact on American workers, the Labor Department on Thursday reported a 30 percent increase in unemployment claims last week, one of the largest spikes on record. The surge — 281,000 new claims — reflects a crushing new reality: Any hopes that busi- nesses could keep their staffs largely intact have quickly evapo- rated. “I started laying people off this Monday, not knowing how bad it was,” said Barry Rosenberg, founder of Vending One, a Los An- geles company that stocks and maintains vending machines and self-serve kiosks in malls, office complexes, jails, schools and casi- nos. “On Tuesday, we started re- stricting hours. By next Monday, I don’t know that they’ll be any work.” Jon Blomer, who services ac- counts and refills those machines, was one of the first to lose his job. “There’s not enough hours to go around, and everyone’s been there longer,” said Mr. Blomer, 33, who has worked at Vending One for a year. “I understand.” Job losses have become so sen- sitive that the Trump administra- tion is asking state labor officials to delay releasing the precise number of unemployment claims. In an email sent Wednesday and shared with The New York Times, the Labor Department in- structed state officials to do noth- ing more than “provide informa- tion using generalities to describe claims levels (very high, large in- crease)” until the department re- leases the total number of national claims next Thursday. The message noted that the data was “monitored closely by policymakers and financial mar- kets to determine appropriate ac- tions in light of fast-changing eco- nomic conditions” and should be closely held until the Labor De- partment’s report. To stanch the job losses, offi- cials in Washington are racing to design a trillion-dollar stimulus. Senate Republicans put forward a Claims Surge As Employees Are Cut Loose By PATRICIA COHEN Continued on Page A10 WASHINGTON — The out- break of the respiratory virus be- gan in China and was quickly spread around the world by air travelers, who ran high fevers. In the United States, it was first de- tected in Chicago, and 47 days lat- er, the World Health Organization declared a pandemic. By then it was too late: 110 million Ameri- cans were expected to become ill, leading to 7.7 million hospitalized and 586,000 dead. That scenario, code-named “Crimson Contagion,” was simu- lated by the Trump administra- tion’s Department of Health and Human Services in a series of ex- ercises that ran from last January to August. The simulation’s sobering re- sults — contained in a draft report dated October 2019 that has not previously been reported — drove home just how underfunded, un- derprepared and uncoordinated the federal government would be for a life-or-death battle with a vi- rus for which no treatment ex- isted. The draft report, marked “not to be disclosed,” laid out in stark de- tail repeated cases of “confusion” in the exercise. Federal agencies jockeyed over who was in charge. State officials and hospitals strug- gled to figure out what kind of equipment was stockpiled or available. Cities and states went their own ways on school closings. Many of the potentially deadly consequences of a failure to ad- dress the shortcomings are now playing out in all-too-real fashion across the country. And it was hardly the first warning for the na- tion’s leaders. Three times over the past four years the U.S. gov- Warning of a Pandemic Last Year Was Unheeded This article is by David E. Sanger, Eric Lipton, Eileen Sullivan and Michael Crowley. Simulation Showed the U.S. Was Unprepared for a Contagion Continued on Page A12 SERGEY PONOMAREV FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES Shelves in Moscow are bare, yet the Kremlin sees opportunity in the coronavirus outbreak. Page A8. Security State Showcase If Joseph R. Biden Jr. is going to run with a woman, some officials think it should be one who ran against him. PAGE A24 NATIONAL A22-26 Rival Turned Running Mate? The Scandinavian sport of skijoring fits in with the Wild West atmosphere in Leadville, Colo. PAGE B9 SPORTSFRIDAY B9-12 Giddyup on the Piste The artist Nate Lewis left his job as a nurse three years ago, but life in an I.C.U. unit produced long-lasting memo- ries. Above, an untitled sketch. PAGE C8 WEEKEND ARTS C1-12 Taking a Scalpel to Society Data from two federal agencies show opposite trends, which some say under- mines an effort to provide aid. PAGE A22 Homeless Youth Discrepancy An exhibit in Kabul, Afghanistan, cele- brates the achievements of ancient and modern women amid fears of a Taliban return to power. PAGE A20 INTERNATIONAL A4-21 Honoring Female Strength In raids on the homes of extremist leaders, the police found weapons, propaganda and narcotics. PAGE A21 Germany Bans Far-Right Clubs Six decades ago, Mal Sharpe began conducting absurd interviews with gullible passers-by. He was 83. PAGE A30 OBITUARIES A27, 30 A Pioneer of Pranks Tom Brady’s departure from the Patri- ots on Tuesday anguished fans already besieged by bad news. PAGE B9 Broken Up in Boston The president’s relentless attacks on the Federal Reserve Board and its chair, Jerome H. Powell, have undermined public confidence in its ability to navi- gate the current crisis. PAGE B3 BUSINESS B1-8 Trump Deflates Punching Bag Tractor-trailer fleets will take time to make the transition from noisy, dirty diesel, but start-ups and established truck makers are racing to get their models on the road. Wheels. PAGE B3 Hush! Big Rigs Go Electric David Brooks PAGE A29 EDITORIAL, OP-ED A28-29 TRACKING AN OUTBREAK SENATE PLAN Republicans un- veiled a bill that includes tax cuts and loans to businesses. PAGE A10 SYRIAN CAMPS Doctors worry about the toll in places where even hand-washing is hard. PAGE A6 VOL. CLXIX . . . No. 58,638 © 2020 The New York Times Company NEW YORK, FRIDAY, MARCH 20, 2020 Late Edition Today, breezy, warm, clouds, show- ers, high 75. Tonight, partly cloudy, breezy, low 46. Tomorrow, breezy, much cooler, sunshine, high 50. Weather map appears on Page B12. $3.00
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C M Y K Nxxx,2020-03-20,A,001,Bs-4C,E2
U(D54G1D)y+#!?!\!$!"
The Open Cities CommunityHealth Center in St. Paul, Minn., isconsidering shutting down be-cause it doesn’t have enough facemasks. Doctors at Barnes JewishHospital in St. Louis are perform-ing invasive procedures on coro-navirus patients with loose-fittingsurgical masks rather than thetight respirator masks recom-mended by health agencies. At aLos Angeles emergency room,doctors were given a box of ex-pired masks, and when they triedto put them on, the elastic bandssnapped.
With coronavirus cases soar-ing, doctors, nurses and otherfront-line medical workers acrossthe United States are confrontinga dire shortage of masks, surgicalgowns and eye gear to protectthem from the virus.
In interviews, doctors said theywere increasingly anxious, fear-ing they could expose not onlythemselves to the virus, but alsotheir families and others.
“There’s absolutely no way toprotect myself,” said Dr. Faezah A.Bux, an anesthesiologist in cen-tral Kentucky who in recent dayshad to intubate several elderly pa-tients in respiratory distress with-out the respirator masks and pro-tective eye gear recommended bythe Centers for Disease Controland Prevention. “Not only can Inot protect myself, I can’t protectmy patients.”
At a White House briefing onThursday, President Trump saidthat millions of masks were in pro-duction and that the federal gov-ernment had made efforts to ad-dress the shortages, though he didnot provide details. But he said itwas largely up to governors todeal with the problem.
“The federal government’s notsupposed to be out there buyingvast amounts of items and thenshipping,” Mr. Trump said. “Youknow, we’re not a shipping clerk.”
While doctors grappled withsupply problems, the State De-partment advised Americans whoare abroad to either come homenow or plan to stay overseas untilthe pandemic is under control. InItaly, the death toll is now morethan 3,400, a higher number of fa-talities than even in China.
At home, the number of re-ported cases grew to over 11,000,Senate Republicans released aplan that would provide checks ofup to $1,200 for many taxpayers,and Gov. Gavin Newsom of Cali-fornia issued an order that stateresidents “stay at home.”
In talking about the medicalsupplies shortage, the presidentsaid there were no immediateplans to address medical equip-ment shortages by activating theDefense Production Act, a Korean
DOCTORS SOUND ALARM AS A NATION STRUGGLESShortages of Gear
Imperil Staffs at Hospitals
This article is by Andrew Jacobs,Matt Richtel and Mike Baker.
W.Va.
Conn.
La.
Minn.
Mo.
N.M.
Hawaii
Tenn.
Va.
N.J.
Wash.
Ohio
Ariz.
Nev.
D.C. Md.
Ga.
Texas
Alaska
Ore.
Mich.
Iowa
N.C.
Calif. Pa.
Neb.
Ind.
Utah
N.H.
Ky.
Del.
Kan.
Idaho
S.C.
Ala.
Colo.
Mass.
R.I.
N.Y.
Maine
Vt.
Fla.
S.D.
Mont.
Wyo.
N.D.
Ill.
Miss.
Wis.
Okla.Ark.
107
11
5,200+
97
78
68
6
35
17
287
187
742
26
2
106
52
288
39
92
15
19
33
347
216
16
28
50
33
145
81
56
26
44
43
1,026
60
876
256
38
82
12
63
96
32
22
389
75
39
77
10711
Coronavirus cases in the United States, by county, as of March 19 at 4 p.m. Eastern time
National total: at least 11,000
Atlanta
Miami
New Orleans
Los Angeles
Seattle
New York CityChicago
1,000
2,000
March 19:3,045
Number of new casesannounced each day
THE NEW YORK TIMES
Feb. 28:5
Sources: state and local health agencies, hospitals, C.D.C.
Continued on Page A11
The only thing that should havebeen different about the first Fri-day in March was the apple crisp.Heaven Frilot didn’t usually cookat the end of the workweek, in-stead letting her family snack onleftovers — a roast or pork chopsshe’d made earlier, maybe — or or-der pizza. But her 10-year-old son,Ethan, was having a friend over
that night, and her husband,Mark, a lawyer, was coming off acrushing week of arbitration. Shewould bake an apple crisp.
Then Mark Frilot — 45 yearsold, “never, ever sick” — camehome with a fever.
In the haze of days that fol-lowed, Ms. Frilot, a 43-year-old oil-and-gas analyst, occupied oneworld, the rest of her communityin Kenner, La., another. She saw
her friends making jokes on socialmedia about the coronavirus —eye-roll emojis, Fox News talkingpoints, Rush Limbaugh quoteswriting off the threat. And thenone person asked if anyone really
had this thing.Ms. Frilot had an answer.“I have been seeing a lot of
posts about people taking this vi-rus lightly and joking about it,”she began in a Facebook post.“Mark has tested positive for thecoronavirus.”
Days earlier, it never occurredto Ms. Frilot (pronounced FREE-low) that her husband’s fever that
Is Anyone Actually Sick? Yes, She Told Her Friends, My HusbandBy ELAINA PLOTT Putting a Local Face on
the Coronavirus
Continued on Page A11
WASHINGTON — A globalarms race for a coronavirus vac-cine is underway.
In the three months since the vi-rus began its deadly spread,China, Europe and the UnitedStates have all set off at a sprint tobecome the first to produce a vac-cine. While there is cooperation onmany levels — including amongcompanies that are ordinarilyfierce competitors — hangingover the effort is the shadow of a
nationalistic approach that couldgive the winner the chance to fa-vor its own population and poten-tially gain the upper hand in deal-ing with the economic and geo-strategic fallout from the crisis.
What began as a question ofwho would get the scientific acco-lades, the patents and ultimatelythe revenues from a successfulvaccine is suddenly a broader is-sue of urgent national security.And behind the scramble is aharsh reality: Any new vaccinethat proves potent against the co-ronavirus — clinical trials are al-ready underway in the UnitedStates, China and Europe — issure to be in short supply as gov-ernments try to ensure that theirown people are the first in line.
In China, 1,000 scientists are atwork on a vaccine, and the issuehas already been militarized: Re-searchers affiliated with the Acad-emy of Military Medical Sciences
A Global RaceTo Figure OutA Silver Bullet
This article is by David E. Sanger,David D. Kirkpatrick, Sui-Lee Weeand Katrin Bennhold.
Vaccine research at ArcturusTherapeutics in San Diego.
BING GUAN/REUTERS
Continued on Page A17
In an early sign of the coro-navirus pandemic’s devastatingimpact on American workers, theLabor Department on Thursdayreported a 30 percent increase inunemployment claims last week,one of the largest spikes on record.
The surge — 281,000 newclaims — reflects a crushing newreality: Any hopes that busi-nesses could keep their staffslargely intact have quickly evapo-rated.
“I started laying people off thisMonday, not knowing how bad itwas,” said Barry Rosenberg,founder of Vending One, a Los An-geles company that stocks andmaintains vending machines andself-serve kiosks in malls, officecomplexes, jails, schools and casi-nos. “On Tuesday, we started re-stricting hours. By next Monday, Idon’t know that they’ll be anywork.”
Jon Blomer, who services ac-counts and refills those machines,was one of the first to lose his job.“There’s not enough hours to goaround, and everyone’s beenthere longer,” said Mr. Blomer, 33,who has worked at Vending Onefor a year. “I understand.”
Job losses have become so sen-sitive that the Trump administra-tion is asking state labor officialsto delay releasing the precisenumber of unemployment claims.
In an email sent Wednesdayand shared with The New YorkTimes, the Labor Department in-structed state officials to do noth-ing more than “provide informa-tion using generalities to describeclaims levels (very high, large in-crease)” until the department re-leases the total number of nationalclaims next Thursday.
The message noted that thedata was “monitored closely bypolicymakers and financial mar-kets to determine appropriate ac-tions in light of fast-changing eco-nomic conditions” and should beclosely held until the Labor De-partment’s report.
To stanch the job losses, offi-cials in Washington are racing todesign a trillion-dollar stimulus.Senate Republicans put forward a
Claims SurgeAs EmployeesAre Cut Loose
By PATRICIA COHEN
Continued on Page A10
WASHINGTON — The out-break of the respiratory virus be-gan in China and was quicklyspread around the world by airtravelers, who ran high fevers. Inthe United States, it was first de-tected in Chicago, and 47 days lat-er, the World Health Organizationdeclared a pandemic. By then itwas too late: 110 million Ameri-cans were expected to become ill,leading to 7.7 million hospitalizedand 586,000 dead.
That scenario, code-named“Crimson Contagion,” was simu-lated by the Trump administra-
tion’s Department of Health andHuman Services in a series of ex-ercises that ran from last Januaryto August.
The simulation’s sobering re-sults — contained in a draft reportdated October 2019 that has notpreviously been reported — drovehome just how underfunded, un-derprepared and uncoordinatedthe federal government would befor a life-or-death battle with a vi-
rus for which no treatment ex-isted.
The draft report, marked “not tobe disclosed,” laid out in stark de-tail repeated cases of “confusion”in the exercise. Federal agenciesjockeyed over who was in charge.State officials and hospitals strug-gled to figure out what kind ofequipment was stockpiled oravailable. Cities and states wenttheir own ways on school closings.
Many of the potentially deadlyconsequences of a failure to ad-dress the shortcomings are nowplaying out in all-too-real fashionacross the country. And it washardly the first warning for the na-tion’s leaders. Three times overthe past four years the U.S. gov-
Warning of a Pandemic Last Year Was UnheededThis article is by David E. Sanger,
Eric Lipton, Eileen Sullivan andMichael Crowley.
Simulation Showed theU.S. Was Unprepared
for a Contagion
Continued on Page A12
SERGEY PONOMAREV FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Shelves in Moscow are bare, yet the Kremlin sees opportunity in the coronavirus outbreak. Page A8.Security State Showcase
If Joseph R. Biden Jr. is going to run witha woman, some officials think it shouldbe one who ran against him. PAGE A24
NATIONAL A22-26
Rival Turned Running Mate?The Scandinavian sport of skijoring fits in with the Wild West atmosphere in Leadville, Colo. PAGE B9
SPORTSFRIDAY B9-12
Giddyup on the PisteThe artist Nate Lewis left his job as anurse three years ago, but life in anI.C.U. unit produced long-lasting memo-ries. Above, an untitled sketch. PAGE C8
WEEKEND ARTS C1-12
Taking a Scalpel to Society
Data from two federal agencies showopposite trends, which some say under-mines an effort to provide aid. PAGE A22
Homeless Youth Discrepancy
An exhibit in Kabul, Afghanistan, cele-brates the achievements of ancient andmodern women amid fears of a Talibanreturn to power. PAGE A20
INTERNATIONAL A4-21
Honoring Female Strength
In raids on the homes of extremistleaders, the police found weapons,propaganda and narcotics. PAGE A21
Germany Bans Far-Right Clubs
Six decades ago, Mal Sharpe beganconducting absurd interviews withgullible passers-by. He was 83. PAGE A30
OBITUARIES A27, 30
A Pioneer of PranksTom Brady’s departure from the Patri-ots on Tuesday anguished fans alreadybesieged by bad news. PAGE B9
Broken Up in Boston
The president’s relentless attacks onthe Federal Reserve Board and its chair,Jerome H. Powell, have underminedpublic confidence in its ability to navi-gate the current crisis. PAGE B3
BUSINESS B1-8
Trump Deflates Punching Bag
Tractor-trailer fleets will take time tomake the transition from noisy, dirtydiesel, but start-ups and establishedtruck makers are racing to get theirmodels on the road. Wheels. PAGE B3
Hush! Big Rigs Go Electric
David Brooks PAGE A29
EDITORIAL, OP-ED A28-29
TRACKING AN OUTBREAK
SENATE PLAN Republicans un-veiled a bill that includes tax cutsand loans to businesses. PAGE A10
SYRIAN CAMPS Doctors worryabout the toll in places where evenhand-washing is hard. PAGE A6
VOL. CLXIX . . . No. 58,638 © 2020 The New York Times Company NEW YORK, FRIDAY, MARCH 20, 2020
Late EditionToday, breezy, warm, clouds, show-ers, high 75. Tonight, partly cloudy,breezy, low 46. Tomorrow, breezy,much cooler, sunshine, high 50.Weather map appears on Page B12.
$3.00
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