Do Now: Is it made from living material (organic) or not (inorganic)? Plastic Milk Rock River Tree Air Salt Gold Skin Inorganic – non living Organic –

Do Now: Is it made from living material (organic) or not (inorganic)?

Plastic

Milk

Rock

River

Tree

Air

Salt

Gold

Skin

Inorganic – non living

Inorganic – non living

Organic – living

Inorganic – non living

Inorganic – non living

Inorganic – non living

Organic – living

Organic – living

Inorganic – non living

Organic vs. Inorganic

Organic matter Carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H) Example – glucose (C6H12O6)

Inorganic matter Carbon (C) but no Hydrogen (H) OR Neither Examples – Water (H2O) or Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Minerals of the Earth

How can we identify minerals?

1. What is a mineral?

a. Made of elements

b. 90% of minerals made of only 8 common elements of the Earth’s crust

c. Most minerals contain Si and O, called silicates (quartz)

d. Most are compounds, made of more than one element (halite is Na + Cl)

ESRT pg. 1

2. What is a mineral? 5 requirements:

a. Occurs naturally.b. It is solid.c. Crystalline structure - atoms are arranged

in an orderly patternd. Inorganic (not from living material).e. Unique chemical composition - made of a

single element or compound …ie - it is NOT a mixture.

3. What does crystalline structure mean?

Atoms are arranged in regular geometrical patterns. Examples:

4. Physical properties are determined by crystalline structure

Structure determines physical properties Example: Hardness of Diamond (hard) vs.

Graphite (soft). Both are made of C atoms arranged in different pattern.

5. How minerals break depends on the

arrangement of its atoms

Cleavage vs. Fracture Quartz fractures

(strong bonds)

Mica cleaves(weak bonds)

6. Types of minerals

Silicates are most common types of mineral -96% of all minerals

compound of 4 Silica around 1 Oxygen

Forms silica tetrahedron Quartz, feldspar, mica,

horneblend are minerals that are considered silicates.

ESRT pg 16 – How many silicates?

6. Types of minerals

Carbonates contain carbon

1 Carbon + 3 oxygen Calcite, dolomite are

carbonates

7. How are minerals made?

Hardened magma (under the crust) Hardened lava (above the crust) Precipitation in water Evaporation of water From other minerals subjected to heat

and pressure

Using the 5 requirements, decide whether the following can be minerals.

Diamond

WaterSalt

GrassAir

ESRT pg. 16 Mineral Guess Who?

Minerals of the Earth

How can we identify minerals?

Tests to identify minerals

#1 Color easily identified Not reliable…Why?

Minerals come in different colors

Different minerals come in similar colors

Identification of Minerals

#2 Luster - how a mineral reflects light Metallic or Non-metallic

Identification of Minerals

#3. Streak is the color a mineral makes when in powder form

Test is to scratch on porcelain tile

Identification of Minerals

#4. Hardness Minerals

resistance to scratching

Moh’s Scale of Hardness

Hardness can be compared to common items

1 Talc fingernail scratches 3 Calcite penny scratches 5 Apatite steel nail scratches 7 Quartz glass scratches 10 Diamond Nothing scratches

How hard is it?

Your fingernail scratches the mineral

The mineral scratches the glass plate

The mineral does not scratch the glass plate but does scratch the penny

Identification of Minerals

#5 Cleavage Mineral splits along one

or more smooth flat surfaces

#6 Fracture Do not show cleavage Rough surface, uneven

Identification of Minerals

#7 Density #8 Magnetic

Magnetite will attract a magnet #9 Acid test

Calcite will fizz when acid is applied

ESRT pg.16 EXAMPLES

Which mineral has a different color in its powdered form than its original form?

a) pyrite b) graphitec) kaolinite d) magnetite

a) PYRITE

ESRT pg. 16

Which mineral contains iron, has metallic luster, is hard, and has the same color and streak?

a) biotite mica b) galenac) kaolinite d) magnetite

d) MAGNETITE

What minerals does your rock sample contain?

Describe your rock sample Color? Grain size? Single or multiple minerals? Cleavage or fracture?