Do Now : 1.How do you figure out total magnification? 2.What is a negative feedback mechanism? 3.What is metabolism?
Jan 08, 2018
Do Now: 1. How do you figure out total magnification?
2. What is a negative feedback mechanism?
3. What is metabolism?
DO NOW1. How do you create a wet mount? How would you
add a stain/dye?
2. Explain what to do going from low to high power. What happens to your field of view?
DO NOWQUIZZ!!
-10 minutes (so clear your desks)-Just put name and period -Write clearly or it can’t be graded
GOOD LUCK!!• Take “Cell” note packet when done
Lp 6.1
Do Now “B”…Page 10Lp 6.1
Cells
Cells, Levels of Organization, Cell Theory, Plant Cell, Animal Cell, Organelles, Types of Organelles
What is a Cell?
Living things might be made up of billions or trillions of cells. These are multicellular organisms.A living thing may be made
up of one cell, like this unicellular Amoeba.
1. New cells arise from other living cells
2. All life is made of one or more cells– Because every cell carries out life functions
3. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things
The Cell Theory What Exactly are Cells
Cell Theory Video• https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=dscY_2QQbKU 3
Who came up with the term cell? What was he looking at under his microscope?
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4OpBylwH9DU 6
Exceptions to the Cell Theory1. Viruses are not cells
– They contain genetic material– But they need another cell to inject their genetic material into
in order to reproduce
2. The first cell could not have come from a previously existing cell
• Mitochondria and Chloroplasts are cell organelles that contain their own genetic material. They can reproduce independently of the cell
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living
things • You are completely made up of cells– According to National Geographic, you are made up of about
37.2 trillion cells (not counting microbes)!!
• Cells are the smallest living structure that carries out life processes
• Cells come together to make more complex structures…
Organelles → Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ systems → Organisms
How Big is a Cell Compared to Atoms, Tissues and Organs?
Lp 6.2
Levels of Organization• Atom• Molecule
– Two or more atoms together• Organelle
– Organs of the cell that carry out Life Functions• Cell
– Basic unit of life• Tissue
—Collection of similar cells• Organ
—Collection of tissues joined to serve a common function• Organ System
—Group of organs that work together to perform a certain task
• Organism
DO NOW
page 11
# 1- 4,17,18
Construct a Hierarchy of Organizationpage 14
Cell
Organ
Molecule
Atom
Organism
Tissue
Organelle
Organ System
Recap
What is the Cell Theory?
What are some exceptions?
Ok, We know how organelles, cells, tissues and organs are organized….
But what is all that stuff in cells that we mentioned?
ORGANELLES
Do Now #20… page 91. What is the approximate size of these cells?
2. What is the smallest unit of life? Why?
EXTRA - What would you do to center this image?
A B
Lp 6.3
So what are Organelles?
• Scientists observed many small structures located inside the cell called “ORGANELLES” – Organelles literally means “Little Organs”
So what are Organelles?
• Organelles perform all the life functions that keep the cell alive– Just like our organs perform our life functions keeping us
alive• We are many cells put together. So we share the
same needs as cells.– Cells need food, water, oxygen, waste removal, energy, transport…– We need food, water, oxygen, waste removal, energy, transport…
Lets look at Organelles!
First there are 2 major Types of Cells
1. Animal Cell2. Plant Cell
http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/cell_model.htm
Do plant and animal cells have differences?
Cell Organelles carry out Life Functions
The Nucleus
• The Director tells everyone on a movie set what to do• The nucleus is the command center
– Nucleus directs the synthesis of proteins in the cell– Contains DNA (Genetic Material)– Nucleolus – nuclear organelle that makes ribosomes
The Mighty Mitochondria
• Power house of cell• Site of cellular respiration• Where ATP (energy) is produced
• I need energy to run a marathon!
• I need energy to life all this weight!
Ribosomes
• Protein factory• Site of protein synthesis– Examples: hormones, neurotransmitters, cell receptors
Vacuole
• Vacuole = stores various materials such as water, wastes and food
• What do you notice about plant vacuoles?
Animal VacuolePlant Cell Vacuole
Centrioles
• ONLY in ANIMAL CELLS• Play a part in cell division • Cylinder shaped
Chloroplasts
• Chloroplasts are found ONLY in PLANT CELLS• Site of Photosynthesis • This is where glucose (food) is made!• If you look at chloroplasts up close, they look like they have stacks
of pancakes in them
Do Now 1. What is the field of view in mm
and in um?
2. What would the Amoeba look like under high power?
Lp 6.3
Cell Wall
• Rigid structure found ONLY in PLANT CELLS• Gives plant cell their shape and used for protection• Plant cells have BOTH a plasma membrane and cell wall
Cell Wall Close Up
Cell Membrane: Plasma MembraneSelective Permeability:
– Allows certain material to pass through the cell membrane only– In BOTH PLANT and ANIMAL cells
Lysosome
• Contains digestive enzymes
• Breaks down cellular garbage – food vacuoles– waste vacuoles– damaged organelles
Golgi Apparatus• Warehouse of the cell (like the UPS)– Flattened membrane sacks that package, store and
release molecules to the outside of a cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum Used to transport materials throughout the cell• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - has ribosomes attached to its
surface• Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum – no ribosomes attached to
its surface • Synthesizes material for inside the cell & cell membrane
Cytoplasm• Jelly-like substance that fills
most of the cell, Mostly made of water
• Where many cellular reactions occur
• The “medium” or fluid between the plasma membrane and the nucleus
*Extra: Aides / Helps with TRANSPORT of materials
Let’s Compare Animal to Plant Cells
Animal Cells Plant Cells
Label the parts of the animal cell
Label the parts of the plant cell
Cell Organelle - Function - Life Function
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URUJD5NEXC8 Cell overview video
Does Every Cell Have Organelles?
NO
Cell Categories
Prokaryotic Cells
Pro = before karyon = nucleus
• Earliest type of cell• NO membrane bound NUCLEUS • NO membrane bound ORGANELLES • Relatively small ( 5 to 10 um)• Include all bacteria
Eukaryotic CellsEu = “True” Karyon = “Nucleus”• HAS membrane bound NUCLEUS• HAS membrane bound ORGANELLES• Includes all plants, animals, fungi
Check Point
What is a cell?
Cell Theory:
Levels of organization:
What is an organelle?
Do all cells have organelles?
Two major types of cells: