Dna fingerprinting for genetic diversity analysis

DNA Fingerprinting for genetic

diversity analysis PRESNTED BY

Majid Khuda bakhsh

DNA fingerprinting

A method of identifying an individual by

unique characteristics of the DNA

“Or”

A test to identify and evaluate the genetic information

History

Alec Jeffreys developed the method of DNA

fingerprinting in his research on variability

This method was termed ‘DNA Fingerprinting’ first time in 1987 to solve two

rape/murder cases in the UK

Why DNA fingerprinting

Almost every cell in our body contains our DNAOn average, about 99.9 per cent of the DNA

between two individuals is the sameThe remaining percentage is what makes it unique

(unless you are an identical twin!).Although this might sound like a small amount

But in this 1% contains around 3 million Bp which help in differentiating between two individuals

.

Application of DNA Finger-printing

Forensics

Paternity Tests

Medicine

PLANTS AND ANIMALS

The steps of DNA fingerprinting

Step#1

Collection of DNA sample

Blood

Tissue

Saliva

Hair

Step#2

•Cells are broken down to release DNA

• If only a small amount of DNA is available it can be amplified using the polymerase chain

reaction (PCR)

Step#3

CUTTING, SIZING AND SORTING

• Special enzymes called restriction enzymes are used to cut the DNA at specific places

• Each restriction enzyme cuts DNA at a specific base sequence.

Step#4

• Fragments are separated on the basis of size using a process called gel electrophoresis.

• DNA fragments are injected into wells and an electric current is applied.

A radioactive

material is

added which

combines

with the DNA

fragments to

produce a

fluorescent image

Step#5

• The pattern of fragments are transferred to a nylon membrane by a process called Southern

blotting

• Place the sheet on the gel

and soaking them overnight

Result

Question

• How DNA finger printing is used for analyses of genetic diversity?

DNA finger printing and genetic diversity

• To analyze the genetic diversity by DNA finger printing the molecular markers are used.

Restriction Fragment

Length Polymorphism

Amplified Fragment Length

Polymorphism

Random Amplification Polymorphic

DNA

Single Sequence Repeats

Inter Simple Sequence Repeats

Analysis of genetic diversity in earthworms

Morphological and molecular characterizations of 24 earthworm individuals collected from

geographically diverse locations to assess the level of genetic variation

DNA markers RAPD, ISSR

95.7%, 96.7% and 98.3% polymorphism respectively

Refernce Zoolog Sci

10.2108/zsj.28.25

Genetic variation in sheep

• Genes of the 12 animals from four sheep flocks

• Greater diversity between the flocks than within the flocks

Refence: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed

Conclusion

References

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.govwww.sciencedirect.comwww.researchgate.netwww.brighthub.com

sciencing.com