Division of Natural Sciences and Horticulture Physics ...

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Division of Natural Sciences and Horticulture

Physics Department http://learning.hccs.edu/programs/physics

PHYS 2326: University Physics II | Lecture | #13308

Spring 2021 | First 16 Weeks (01.19.2021-05.15.2021) FC Scheduled

MW 2:00PM-3:20PM 3 Credit Hours | 48 hours per semester| Online

Instructor Contact Information

Instructor: Cyril Anoka, Ph.D. Office Phone: 713-718-5638

Office: Alief-Hayes, Room C306 Office Hours: To be determined HCC Email: [email protected] Office Location: Alief-Hayes, Room C306

Please feel free to contact me concerning any problems that you are experiencing in this

course. Your performance in my class is very important to me. I am available to hear your concerns and discuss course topics with you.

Instructor’s Preferred Method of Contact

You may reach me via email (preferably) or phone. Please use your student HCCS.edu email for communication. I will only send correspondence to your student account so

please check it regularly as you are responsible for content of messages. Students may

access email via Canvas or student sign-ins. Please allow sufficient time for a response. I

will respond to emails within 24 hours Monday through Friday; I will reply to weekend messages at some time before or on Monday morning.

What’s Exciting About This Course

Physics is the study of the entire universe and everything in it, from the smallest subatomic particles to enormous objects such as planets, stars and even entire galaxies.

Physics is how we describe the motion of objects, topics such as electricity, magnetism

and light and study energy in its various forms (for example, mechanical or thermal). It is amazing that the universe works in a way that we, as curious human beings, can

describe, explain and even predict how phenomena occur in the world around us.

Certainly, this sounds exciting to me and hopefully to you as well!

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My Personal Welcome

Welcome to University Physics I Class—I’m delighted that you have chosen this course!

One of my passions is to know as much as I can about the universe around me, and I can hardly wait to pass that knowledge on. I will present these physical principles in the most

exciting way I know, so that you can grasp the concepts and apply them now and

hopefully throughout your life.

As you read and wrestle with new ideas and facts that may challenge you, I am available

to support you. The fastest way to reach me is by my HCC email. The best way to really

discuss issues is in person and I’m available during posted office hours to tackle your questions. My goal is for you to walk out of the course with a better understanding of

yourself and the universe around you. So please visit me or contact me by email

whenever you have a question.

Prerequisites and/or Co-Requisites

PHYS 2326 requires college-level reading, writing and Maths skills, including calculus. You

are most likely to succeed if you have already taken PHYS 2325 (or PHYS 2425) and

placed be placed into MATH 2414 Calculus II all with a grade of C (or higher). If you have

enrolled in this course having satisfied these prerequisites, you have a higher chance of success than students who have not done so. Please carefully read and consider the

repeater policy in the HCCS Student Handbook.

Canvas Learning Management System

This course will use Canvas for lectures, exams, quizzes, homework etc. Course material including Syllabus, Lecture PowerPoint files, Lecture videos for some chapters, Pre-Class

Quizzes, Homework problems, Practice problems, Sample solutions, online-Class Quiz

solutions, Past exams, Formula sheet, notices, links to useful physics material etc. will be

posted on Canvas. Messages for the class will be posted in “Announcements, discussion board and/or emailed

to you” in canvas, so check that often. The Syllabus is also available on the Learning Web.

To use the LEARNING WEB, go to http://learning.hccs.edu, type ‘Anoka’ in ‘find a faculty member’, and click ‘search’.

HCCS Open Lab locations may be used to access the Internet and Canvas, or you may use

your own computer. USE FIREFOX OR CHROME AS THE INTERNET BROWSER.

HCC Online Information and Policies

Here is the link to information about HCC Online classes including the required Online

Orientation for all fully online classes: http://www.hccs.edu/online/

Scoring Rubrics, Sample Assignments, etc.

Homework sets, quizzes and exams will consist of show-work questions and/or multiple

choice. Marks are usually reserved for:

Making a sketch

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Writing the equations used

Unit conversions, if required Calculation of intermediate values, and

Correct units in the final answer.

You must write the equation/s that you are using before plugging in the numbers. Your answer must not contain too many or too few significant figures. Use four to five

significant figures in the intermediate calculations, and round off the final result to three

significant figures. Do not round off during the intermediate calculations. You may lose points if you write 5 or more significant figures in the final answer, unless the question

requires it. You may also lose points if your final answer is more than a few percent off

from the correct answer, so do not round the final answer to less than three significant figures. The points assigned to each question are mentioned in the Homework sets and

quizzes. Just giving the answer without showing the working usually earns no points.

Instructional Materials

Textbook Information

The textbook listed below is required for this course. Fundamentals of Physics Wiley 11 ed. Digital ISBN: 978 111 930 6870

Fundamentals of Physics Wiley 11 ed. Looseleaf ISBN: 978 111 928 6240

Lecture Materials All lecture materials will be uploaded on Canvas. This will include Lecture PowerPoint, some videos and other relevant instructional materials. We will be meeting on Monday

and Wednesdays between the hours of 2:00PM-3:20PM. During our Meeting, I will deliver

the lecture materials and also work some example problems.

It is your responsibilities to study your physics book and ask questions for clarification

during our meeting period. I will be happy to answer your entire question and solve some physics problems during

our meeting period.

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Tutoring

HCC provides free, confidential, and convenient academic support, to HCC students in an online environment and on campus. Tutoring is provided by HCC personnel in order to

ensure that it is contextual and appropriate. Tutoring may be both online or in-person in

most campuses. Visit the HCC Tutoring Services website for services provided.

Libraries

The HCC Library System consists of 9 libraries and 6 Electronic Resource Centers (ERCs)

that are inviting places to study and collaborate on projects. Librarians are available both

at the libraries and online to show you how to locate and use the resources you need.

The libraries maintain a large selection of electronic resources as well as collections of books, magazines, newspapers, and audiovisual materials. The portal to all libraries’

resources and services is the HCCS library web page at http://library.hccs.edu.

Supplementary Instruction

Supplemental Instruction is an academic enrichment and support program that uses peer-

assisted study sessions to improve student retention and success in historically difficult courses. Peer Support is provided by students who have already succeeded in completion

of the specified course, and who earned a grade of A or B. Find details at

http://www.hccs.edu/resources-for/current-students/supplemental-instruction/.

Course Overview

Second semester of a two semester, calculus-based physics course designed specifically

for chemistry, physics, and engineering majors. Topics include principles and applications

of electricity, magnetism, and optics with emphasis on problem solving.

Core Curriculum Objectives (CCOs)

PHYS 2326 satisfies the physical science requirement in the HCCS core curriculum. The

HCCS Physics Discipline Committee has specified that the course address the following

core objectives: Critical Thinking: Students will demonstrate the ability to engage in inquiry and

analysis, evaluation and synthesis of information, and creative thinking by

demonstrating problem solving skills on homework and exams. Communication Skills: Students will demonstrate effective development,

interpretation and expression of ideas through written, and visual communication.

Quantitative and Empirical Literacy: Students will demonstrate the ability to

draw conclusions based on the systematic analysis of topics using observation, experiment, and/or numerical skills by completing textbook reading assignments,

completing assignments, and answering questions on quizzes and/or exams.

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Program Student Learning Outcomes (PSLOs)

1. To provide the student a basic and practical understanding of physics (basic

qualitative and quantitative concepts, and systematic problem-solving strategies) and

recognize its relevance in our daily lives.

2. To prepare students to meet with success in higher level Physics and other science

courses when they transfer to four-year universities.

3. To prepare students for professional programs requiring a mastery of General Physics, such as Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics and engineering.

Course Student Learning Outcomes (CSLOs)

Upon successful completion of this course, students should be able to:

1. Distinguish between waves and particles and analyze the properties of travelling

waves as well as standing waves.

2. Articulate the fundamental concepts of electrostatics including electric forces, electric

fields and flow of current and circuitry.

3. Give the general behavior of magnetic forces and magnetic fields.

4. Articulate the general behavior of electromagnetism including the four Maxwell’s

equations and Lorentz’s law.

5. Explain how the general properties of light lead to geometrical optics and physical

optics. 6. Solve real world problems involving optics, lenses and mirrors and gratings.

Learning Objectives

Upon successful completion of this course, students should be able to:

1.1 Distinguish between travelling waves and standing waves.

1.2 Solve problems involving travelling and standing waves.

2.1 Use Coulomb’s law and Gauss’s law to determine interaction between charged

particles

2.2 Calculate electric field at a point due to point charges or a continuous charge distribution.

2.3 Relate potential energy and potential difference.

2.4 Define capacitance and calculate energy stored in an electric field.

2.5 Solve circuit problems using Ohm’s law and Kirchhoff’s rules.

3.1 Calculate magnetic force on a charged particle in a magnetic field.

3.2 Determine the interaction of a current element and a current loop with magnetic

field.

3.3 Use Biot-Savart and Ampere’s laws to determine magnetic field due to current-

carrying conductors.

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4.1 Relate magnetic flux to induced electromotive force.

4.2 Use Faraday’s law to calculate induced emf and currents.

5.1 State the laws of reflection and refraction.

5.2 Apply the laws of reflection and refraction to analysis of images formed by mirrors

and lenses.

6.1 Use the principles of diffraction and interference to analyze diffraction and interference patterns.

Student Success

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Expect to spend at least twice as many hours per week outside of class as you do in class studying the course content. Additional time will be required for written assignments.

The assignments provided will help you use your study hours wisely. Successful

completion of this course requires a combination of the following: Reading the chapter before coming to class

Attending class in person

Completing assignments

Solving as many end-of-chapter problems as possible There is no short cut for success in this course; it requires studying the material and

solving problems using the course objectives as your guide.

Instructor and Student Responsibilities

As your Instructor, it is my responsibility to:

Provide the grading scale and detailed grading formula explaining how student

grades are to be derived

Facilitate an effective learning environment through learner-centered instructional techniques

Provide a description of any special projects or assignments

Inform students of policies such as attendance, withdrawal, tardiness, and making up assignments

Provide the course outline and class calendar that will include a description of any

special projects or assignments

Arrange to meet with individual students before and after class as required

As a student, it is your responsibility to:

Attend class in person

Participate actively by reviewing course material, interacting with classmates, and

responding promptly in your communication with me

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Read and comprehend the textbook

Complete the required assignments and exams

Ask for help when there is a question or problem

Keep copies of all paperwork, including this syllabus, handouts, and all assignments

Be aware of and comply with academic honesty policies in the HCCS Student

Handbook

Assignments, Exams, and Activities

Homework Assignments

There will be homework quizzes assigned at the end of each chapter. All homework should

be submitted on CANVAS. You will be given two opportunities to try the homework quizzes

per chapter and the highest score will be recorded. You will be given the opportunity to see the correct answer at the end of the second attempt.

Exams

Exam will be conducted online. This might be in the form of multiple choices, true or false

questions and/or workout problems.

Lockdown browser and camera is required for all exams

During exam, cell phone is not permitted. Exam materials cannot be photographed.

You will need a formula sheet (to be prepared by you for the chapters covered in that

exam), some scratch papers to work out the questions, a pencil and a calculator.

There are no make-up exams, therefore, make every effort to take exams on their

scheduled date.

There will be three class exam and one final exam. Each exam will contain 50 multiple

choice questions. More than 90% will duel on calculations.

During exam, one question will appear at a time after which the question will be locked,

and you will not be given the opportunity to revisit the question after an answer is chosen.

The time for each exam will be between 1.30-2.5 hours (to be determined by your professor).

Exam will only be opened during the class period. Students are expected to login and take the exam at the designated time period.

More information will be provided before the exam.

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In-Class Activities

It is highly encouraged to participate in discussion post.

Final Exam

All students are required to take a comprehensive final exam. Students who miss the final

exam will receive a failing course grade.

Grading Formula

The final grade is based on the total possible score of 100%, which the student can

accumulate from all tests, class work, homework, and the final exam.

Grading Scale: Three Class Exams (20% each): 60%

Quizzes: 20%

Final Exam (mandatory and Comprehensive): 20%

Grading Scale: A = 90 – 100%

B = 80 – 89% C = 70 – 79%

D = 60 – 69%

F < 60 Final Score will be rounded up, for example, a 79.5 will be a grade of 80 (B) while 79.4will

be a grade of 79(C)

Incomplete Policy:

A student who has completed at least 85% of the work in the class, but misses the final exam due to unavoidable circumstances may receive a grade of “Incomplete” (“I”). The

student must provide proof of these circumstances before or within 24 hours of the exam.

Such students would have to take the final exam in the following semester.

HCC Grading Scale can be found on this site under Academic Information:

http://www.hccs.edu/resources-for/current-students/student-handbook/

Course Calendar

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WK CHAPTER

EXAM

1

CHAPTER 16

1 CHAPTER 17

1 CHAPTER 21

.

1 CHAPTER 22

1 CHAPTER 23

EXAM 1 (Chapter 16,17,21,22,23)

Exam date is yet to be determined

2 CHAPTER 24

2 CHAPTER 25

2 CHAPTER 26

3 CHAPTER 27

3 CHAPTER 28

EXAM 2 (24,25,26,27)

Exam date is yet to be determined

3 CHAPTER 29

4 CHAPTER 30

.

4 CHAPTER 31

4 CHAPTER 32/33

.

4/5 CHAPTER 34

EXAM 3 (28,29,30,31,34)

Exam date is yet to be determined

5 Comprehensive

FINAL EXAM

May 12, 2021 @12:00pm

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Syllabus Modifications

The instructor reserves the right to modify the syllabus at any time during the semester and will promptly notify students in writing, typically by e-mail, of any such changes.

Instructor’s Practices and Procedures

Missed Assignments

Quiz assignments are to be turned in Canvas on or before 11:59pm on Sunday or

otherwise specified by the instructor. Late homework is not accepted.

Academic Integrity

You are expected to be familiar with the College's Policy on Academic Honesty, found in the catalog. What that means is: If you are charged with an offense,

pleading ignorance of the rules will not help you. Students are responsible for

conducting themselves with honor and integrity in fulfilling course requirements.

Here’s the link to the HCC information about academic integrity (Scholastic Dishonesty and Violation of Academic Scholastic Dishonesty and Grievance):

http://www.hccs.edu/about-hcc/procedures/student-rights-policies--procedures/student-

procedures/

Attendance Procedures

The HCCS attendance policy states: “Students are expected to attend classes regularly.

Students are responsible for materials covered during their absences, and it is the

student's responsibility to consult with instructors for make-up assignments. Although it is the responsibility of the student to drop a course for non-attendance, the instructor has

full authority to drop a student for excessive absences. A student may be dropped from a

course for excessive absences after the student has accumulated absences in excess of

12.5% of the hours of instruction (including lecture and laboratory time).”

Note that for this course, FIVE classes missed would exceed the 12.5% limit. If circumstances significantly prevent you from attending classes, please inform me. I

realize that sometimes outside circumstances can interfere with school, and I will try to be

as accommodating as possible, but please be aware of the attendance policy.

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For Spring, 2021, the last date to withdraw from the course is Friday April 6, 2021. I urge any student who is contemplating withdrawing from the class to talk to me first! You may be doing better than you think. Either way, I want to be accessible and

supportive. I do not believe in "weed out" classes, and I consider you to be much more

than just a name or number! Note my email address above; if you need assistance, I'm

here to help.

Students desiring to withdraw from a class must do so by the above withdrawal date by filling out a withdrawal form at the registrar’s office. After this date, instructors can no

longer enter a grade of “W” for the course for any reason.

Student Conduct

Students are expected to maintain cordial and professional conduct as would be expected of an academic environment and as laid out in the Student Handbook. Please be

considerate in your correspondence with the instructor and/or any classmates as well as

in any in-person interaction.

Please arrive and leave class on time so as to cause little disruption and avoid missing

important class information and/or assignments.

Academic integrity is also considered to be a part of appropriate conduct.

Every student as well as the professor has the right to work in a healthy learning environment based on mutual respect and adherence to rules. Conduct unbecoming of

such an environment will not be tolerated.

Instructor’s Course-Specific Information (As Needed)

Exam grades will be posted on Canvas. Any relevant announcement will be made on Canvas.

Important Dates January 19 Classes Begins March 15-21 Spring Break April 6 Last Day to Drop with a grade of W May 7 Instructions Ends May 12 Final Examinations

Electronic Devices

The use of electronic devices (cell phones, laptops, etc.) by students in the classroom is

up to the discretion of the instructor. Any use of such devices for purposes other than student learning is strictly prohibited. If an instructor perceives such use as disruptive

and/or inappropriate, the instructor has the right to terminate such use. If the behavior

continues, the student may be subject to disciplinary action to include removal from the classroom or referral to the dean of student services

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Cell phone or electronic device use NOT PERMITTED, particularly during testing/quiz. It is understandable that a need arises to tend to personal or urgent

matters, but that should not be habitual nor disruptive. A student may excuse themselves

from class to tend to a pressing matter. However, cell phone use is otherwise not

permitted in class.

No communication or photographs may be taken during exam, of persons or

course material (ie exams, keys, quizzes, exams, etc.) using a device

Cell phones are not calculators and will not be permitted to be used as a calculator

Physics Program Information

Please visit the Physics Program page on the HCCS website for information regarding degree offerings, requirements, employment prospects and more.

https://www.hccs.edu/programs/areas-of-study/science-technology-engineering--

math/physics/

HCC Policies Here’s the link to the HCC Student Handbook http://www.hccs.edu/resources-for/current-

students/student-handbook/ In it you will find information about the following:

Academic Information

Academic Support

Attendance, Repeating Courses, and

Withdrawal Career Planning and Job Search

Childcare

disAbility Support Services Electronic Devices

Equal Educational Opportunity

Financial Aid TV (FATV)

General Student Complaints Grade of FX

Incomplete Grades

International Student Services

Health Awareness

Libraries/Bookstore Police Services & Campus Safety

Student Life at HCC

Student Rights and Responsibilities Student Services

Testing

Transfer Planning

Veteran Services

EGLS3

The EGLS3 (Evaluation for Greater Learning Student Survey System) will be available for

most courses near the end of the term until finals start. This brief survey will give invaluable information to your faculty about their teaching. Results are anonymous and

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will be available to faculty and division chairs after the end of the term. EGLS3 surveys

are only available for the Fall and Spring semesters. EGLS3 surveys are not offered during the Summer semester due to logistical constraints.

http://www.hccs.edu/resources-for/current-students/egls3-evaluate-your-professors/

Campus Carry Link

Here’s the link to the HCC information about Campus Carry:

http://www.hccs.edu/departments/police/campus-carry/

HCC Email Policy

When communicating via email, HCC requires students to communicate only through the

HCC email system to protect your privacy. If you have not activated your HCC student email account, you can go to HCC Eagle ID and activate it now. You may also use Canvas

Inbox to communicate.

Housing and Food Assistance for Students

Any student who faces challenges securing their foods or housing and believes this may

affect their performance in the course is urged to contact the Dean of Students at their

college for support. Furthermore, please notify the professor if you are comfortable in doing so.

This will enable HCC to provide any resources that HCC may possess.

Office of Institutional Equity Use the link below to access the HCC Office of Institutional Equity, Inclusion, and

Engagement (http://www.hccs.edu/departments/institutional-equity/)

disAbility Services

HCC strives to make all learning experiences as accessible as possible. If you anticipate

or experience academic barriers based on your disability (including long and short term conditions, mental health, chronic or temporary medical conditions), please meet with a

campus Abilities Counselor as soon as possible in order to establish reasonable

accommodations. Reasonable accommodations are established through an interactive process between you, your instructor(s) and Ability Services. It is the policy and practice

of HCC to create inclusive and accessible learning environments consistent with federal

and state law. For more information, please go to http://www.hccs.edu/support-services/disability-services/

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Title IX

Houston Community College is committed to cultivating an environment free from

inappropriate conduct of a sexual or gender-based nature including sex discrimination,

sexual assault, sexual harassment, and sexual violence. Sex discrimination includes all forms of sexual and gender-based misconduct and violates an individual’s fundamental

rights and personal dignity. Title IX prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex-including

pregnancy and parental status in educational programs and activities. If you require an accommodation due to pregnancy please contact an Abilities Services Counselor. The

Director of EEO/Compliance is designated as the Title IX Coordinator and Section 504

Coordinator. All inquiries concerning HCC policies, compliance with applicable laws,

statutes, and regulations (such as Title VI, Title IX, and Section 504), and complaints may be directed to:

David Cross Director EEO/Compliance

Office of Institutional Equity & Diversity

3100 Main

(713) 718-8271 Houston, TX 77266-7517 or [email protected]

http://www.hccs.edu/departments/institutional-equity/title-ix-know-your-rights/

Office of the Dean of Students

Contact the office of the Dean of Students to seek assistance in determining the correct complaint procedure to follow or to identify the

appropriate academic dean or supervisor for informal resolution of

complaints.

https://www.hccs.edu/about-hcc/procedures/student-rights-policies--procedures/student-

complaints/speak-with-the-dean-of-students/

Department Chair Contact Information

Department Chair: Dr. Kumela Tafa, [email protected], 713-718-5569

Department Chair’s Secretary: Ms. Nettie Muhammad, [email protected], 713-

718-6050.

TABLE OF CONTENT

16 Waves—I 444

16-1 Transverse Waves 444

16-2 Wave Speed on A Stretched String 452

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16-3 Energy and Power of A Wave Traveling Along A String 454

16-4 The Wave Equation 456

16-5 Interference of Waves 458

16-6 Phasors 462

16-7 Standing Waves and Resonance 465

17 Waves—II 479

17-1 Speed of Sound 479

17-2 Traveling Sound Waves 482

17-3 Interference 485

17-4 Intensity and Sound Level 488

17-5 Sources of Musical Sound 492

17-6 Beats 496

17-7 The Doppler Effect 498

17-8 Supersonic Speeds, Shock Waves 503

21 Coulomb’s Law 609

21-1 Coulomb’s Law 609

21-2 Charge Is Quantized 619

21-3 Charge Is Conserved 621

22 Electric Fields 630

22-1 The Electric Field 630

22-2 The Electric Field Due To A Charged Particle 633

22-3 The Electric Field Due To A Dipole 635

22-4 The Electric Field Due To A Line of Charge 638

22-5 The Electric Field Due To A Charged Disk 643

22-6 A Point Charge in An Electric Field 645

22-7 A Dipole in An Electric Field 647

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23 Gauss’ Law 659

23-1 Electric Flux 659

23-2 Gauss’ Law 664

23-3 A Charged Isolated Conductor 668

23-4 Applying Gauss’ Law: Cylindrical Symmetry 671

23-5 Applying Gauss’ Law: Planar Symmetry 673

23-6 Applying Gauss’ Law: Spherical Symmetry 675

24 Electric Potential 685

24-1 Electric Potential 685

24-2 Equipotential Surfaces and the Electric Field 690

24-3 Potential Due to A Charged Particle 694

24-4 Potential Due to An Electric Dipole 697

24-5 Potential Due to A Continuous Charge Distribution 698

24-6 Calculating the Field from the Potential 701

24-7 Electric Potential Energy of a System of Charged Particles 703

24-8 Potential of A Charged Isolated Conductor 706

25 Capacitance 717

25-1 Capacitance 717

25-2 Calculating the Capacitance 719

25-3 Capacitors in Parallel and in Series 723

25-4 Energy Stored in An Electric Field 728

25-5 Capacitor with A Dielectric 731

25-6 Dielectrics and Gauss’ Law 735

26 Current and Resistance 745

26-1 Electric Current 745

26-2 Current Density 748

26-3 Resistance and Resistivity 752

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26-4 Ohm’s Law 756

26-5 Power, Semiconductors, Superconductors 760

27 Circuits 771

27-1 Single-Loop Circuits 771

27-2 Multiloop Circuits 781

27-3 The Ammeter and the Voltmeter 788

27-4 RC Circuits 788

28 Magnetic Fields 803

28-1 Magnetic Fields and the Definition of B→ 803

28-2 Crossed Fields: Discovery of the Electron 808

28-3 Crossed Fields: The Hall Effect 810

28-4 A Circulating Charged Particle 814

28-5 Cyclotrons and Synchrotrons 817

28-6 Magnetic Force on A Current-Carrying Wire 820

28-7 Torque on A Current Loop 822

28-8 The Magnetic Dipole Moment 824

29 Magnetic Fields Due To Currents 836

29-1 Magnetic Field Due to A Current 836

29-2 Force Between Two Parallel Currents 842

29-3 Ampere’s Law 844

29-4 Solenoids and Toroids 848

29-5 A Current-Carrying Coil as A Magnetic Dipole 851

30 Induction and Inductance 864

30-1 Faraday’s Law and Lenz’s Law 864

30-2 Induction and Energy Transfers 871

30-3 Induced Electric Fields 874

30-4 Inductors and Inductance 879

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30-5 Self-Induction 881

30-6 Rl Circuits 882

30-7 Energy Stored in A Magnetic Field 887

30-8 Energy Density of a Magnetic Field 889

30-9 Mutual Induction 890

31 Electromagnetic Oscillations and Alternating Current 903

31-1 Lc Oscillations 903

31-2 Damped Oscillations in an RLC Circuit 910

31-3 Forced Oscillations of Three Simple Circuits 912

31-4 The Series RLC Circuit 921

31-5 Power in Alternating-Current Circuits 927

31-6 Transformers 930

32 Maxwell’s Equations; Magnetism of Matter 941

32-1 Gauss’ Law for Magnetic Fields 941

32-2 Induced Magnetic Fields 943

32-3 Displacement Current 946

32-4 Magnets 950

32-5 Magnetism and Electrons 952

32-6 Diamagnetism 957

32-7 Paramagnetism 959

32-8 Ferromagnetism 961

33 Electromagnetic Waves 972

33-1 Electromagnetic Waves 972

33-2 Energy Transport and the Poynting Vector 980

33-3 Radiation Pressure 983

33-4 Polarization 985

33-5 Reflection and Refraction 990

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33-6 Total Internal Reflection 996

33-7 Polarization by Reflection 997

34 Images 1010

34-1 Images and Plane Mirrors 1010

34-2 Spherical Mirrors 1014

34-3 Spherical Refracting Surfaces 1020

34-4 Thin Lenses 1023

34-5 Optical Instruments 1030

34-6 Three Proofs 1033