Distributed Renewable Generation Profiling Methodology ERCOT Load Profiling March 4, 2008
Jan 12, 2016
Distributed Renewable GenerationProfiling Methodology
ERCOT Load ProfilingMarch 4, 2008
2
Distributed Renewable Generation (DRG)
TDSPs responded to ERCOT’s request for information on premises that have DRG with a generation capacity < 50 kW.
What is out there?
Five of the ESI IDs included above have PV and wind generation. This means there are currently 87 unique ESI IDs known to have one or more type of DRG (< 50 kW).
1. Photovoltaic (PV)A. Residential (RES) 52B. Business (BUS) 6
2. WindA. RES 30B. BUS 4
3. Other
58 ESI IDs
34 ESI IDs
0 ESI IDs
3
DRG Sites – Available Information
Even though TDSPs provided the best information available there are many barriers to analyzing DRG sites. For example:
Given the above, it is difficult to identify the effects of DRG from the available meter read data.
• An interconnection agreement date is not necessarily meaningful. DRG may have been operating for years before agreement is signed, or may not operate until well after agreement is completed.
• Sometimes inverter capacity is known—but generator capacity is not known.
• Presently, energy exported to the Distribution System (energy outflow from the premise) is only available for a handful of ESI IDs.
4
Residential DRG – Photovoltaic (PV)
Generation Capacity for 52 ESI IDs
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
ESI IDs 1 thru 52
kW
mean = 3.5
5
Residential PV
Total 2007 kWh 'Inflow to Premise' for 51 ESI IDs
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
ESI IDs 1 thru 51
kW
h
mean = 13,668
Note: The usage for an ESI ID that used 200,000 kWh was excluded from this chart.
6
Residential PV
Due to potential confidentiality issues, a chart displaying both DRG capacity (kW) and annual usage (kWh) is not presented here.
However, the correlation of the two variables is 0.217 (excluding the outlier).
The table of ESI ID counts below may help illustrate the relationship. Each respective variable’s median value serves as the break between high and low.
Low kWh High kWhLow kW Low kW
17 9
Low kWh High kWhHigh kW High kW
9 17
7
Business PV
Generation Capacity for 6 ESI IDs
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
ESI IDs 1 thru 6
kW
mean = 8.9
8
Business PV
Total 2007 kWh 'Inflow to Premise' for 6 ESI IDs
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
ESI IDs 1 thru 6
kW
h
mean = 149,624
9
Residential DRG – Wind
Generation Capacity for 30 ESI IDs
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
ESI IDs 1 thru 30
kW
mean = 5.6
10
Residential Wind
Total 2007 kWh 'Inflow to Premise' for 30 ESI IDs
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
55,000
ESI IDs 1 thru 30
kW
h
mean = 19,081
11
Residential Wind
For wind ESI IDs the correlation of DRG capacity and annual usage is 0.153.
The following table of ESI ID counts uses each respective variable’s median value as the break between high and low. Values equal to the median were treated as low.
Low kWh High kWhLow kW Low kW
12 3
Low kWh High kWhHigh kW High kW
7 8
12
Business Wind
Generation Capacity for 4 ESI IDs
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
ESI IDs 1 thru 4
kW
mean = 3.9
13
Business Wind
Total 2007 kWh 'Inflow to Premise' for 4 ESI IDs
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
ESI IDs 1 thru 4
kW
h
mean = 5,284
14
PV Generation
How much energy will a PV array produce?
Given the currently known average Residential PV generation capacity of 3.5 kW (AC), at 100% capacity factor there would be (3.5 * 24 =) 84 kWh generated per day.
If we utilize the Interstate Renewable Energy Council’s irradiance estimate of 20% from its presentation to the DGTF on 12/04/07, the estimated yield would be 16.8 kWh per day.
Applying the above to the average Business PV generation capacity of 8.9 kW (AC) yields an estimated 42.7 kWh per day.
For simplicity, the energy produced by a PV array is presented in most of the slides as a sine wave spanning 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM.
15
Residential PV
Prospective PV Generation Shape
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
7:00
7:30
8:00
8:30
9:00
9:30
10:0
010
:30
11:0
011
:30
12:0
012
:30
13:0
013
:30
14:0
014
:30
15:0
015
:30
16:0
016
:30
17:0
017
:30
18:0
018
:30
19:0
019
:30
ending time
kWh
16
Residential PV – Building the Profile
How would a daily PV load profile be derived?
To build a PV profile (consistent with what has come to be known as ‘Option 5’) for a specific profile type and weather zone, e.g., for PV ESI ID that is currently assigned RESHIWR NCENT:
This PV profile can then be used in the Data Aggregation process.
The kWh ‘outflow to the grid’ would be applied in settlement evenly across all days, spanning the intervals from 11:00 AM to 3:00 PM.
1. For a specific day, take the current RESHIWR NCENT profile;
2. Multiply each value by 0.89 to scale it to the average PV ESI ID (more info in Appendix A);
3. Scale it such that when the PV generation shape is applied in the next step the kWh will remain the same;
4. Subtract the values of the PV generation shape to produce the RESHIPV NCENT load profile.
17
Residential PV – Building the Profile
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
12:1
5 AM
1:00
AM
1:45
AM
2:30
AM
3:15
AM
4:00
AM
4:45
AM
5:30
AM
6:15
AM
7:00
AM
7:45
AM
8:30
AM
9:15
AM
10:0
0 AM
10:4
5 AM
11:3
0 AM
12:1
5 PM
1:00
PM
1:45
PM
2:30
PM
3:15
PM
4:00
PM
4:45
PM
5:30
PM
6:15
PM
7:00
PM
7:45
PM
8:30
PM
9:15
PM
10:0
0 PM
10:4
5 PM
11:3
0 PM
ending time
kW
h
1. RESHIWR NCENT load profile from new models
1. RESHIWR NCENT load profile for 08/26/07
(59.58 kWh)
18
Residential PV – Building the Profile
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
12:1
5 AM
1:00
AM
1:45
AM
2:30
AM
3:15
AM
4:00
AM
4:45
AM
5:30
AM
6:15
AM
7:00
AM
7:45
AM
8:30
AM
9:15
AM
10:0
0 AM
10:4
5 AM
11:3
0 AM
12:1
5 PM
1:00
PM
1:45
PM
2:30
PM
3:15
PM
4:00
PM
4:45
PM
5:30
PM
6:15
PM
7:00
PM
7:45
PM
8:30
PM
9:15
PM
10:0
0 PM
10:4
5 PM
11:3
0 PM
ending time
kW
h
2. Scale RESHIWR NCENT to the average PV ESI ID
2. RESHIWR NCENT load profile for 08/26/07, scaled
to average PV ESI ID (50.02 kWh)
1. RESHIWR NCENT load profile for 08/26/07
(59.58 kWh)
19
Residential PV – Building the Profile
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
12:1
5 AM
1:00
AM
1:45
AM
2:30
AM
3:15
AM
4:00
AM
4:45
AM
5:30
AM
6:15
AM
7:00
AM
7:45
AM
8:30
AM
9:15
AM
10:0
0 AM
10:4
5 AM
11:3
0 AM
12:1
5 PM
1:00
PM
1:45
PM
2:30
PM
3:15
PM
4:00
PM
4:45
PM
5:30
PM
6:15
PM
7:00
PM
7:45
PM
8:30
PM
9:15
PM
10:0
0 PM
10:4
5 PM
11:3
0 PM
ending time
kW
h
3. Scale up so that PV gen shape can be subtracted
3. RESHIWR NCENT load profile for 08/26/07, scaled to
average PV ESI ID, then scaled for PV output
(66.82 kWh)
2. RESHIWR NCENT load profile for 08/26/07, scaled
to average PV ESI ID (50.02 kWh)
20
Residential PV – Building the Profile
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
12:1
5 AM
1:00
AM
1:45
AM
2:30
AM
3:15
AM
4:00
AM
4:45
AM
5:30
AM
6:15
AM
7:00
AM
7:45
AM
8:30
AM
9:15
AM
10:0
0 AM
10:4
5 AM
11:3
0 AM
12:1
5 PM
1:00
PM
1:45
PM
2:30
PM
3:15
PM
4:00
PM
4:45
PM
5:30
PM
6:15
PM
7:00
PM
7:45
PM
8:30
PM
9:15
PM
10:0
0 PM
10:4
5 PM
11:3
0 PM
ending time
kW
h
4. RESHIPV NCENT load profile for 08/26/07
(50.02 kWh)
4. Subtract the PV gen shape to produce RESHIPV NCENT
3. RESHIWR NCENT load profile for 08/26/07, scaled to
average PV ESI ID, then scaled for PV output
(66.82 kWh)
21
Residential PV – Applying the Profile
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
12:1
5 AM
1:00
AM
1:45
AM
2:30
AM
3:15
AM
4:00
AM
4:45
AM
5:30
AM
6:15
AM
7:00
AM
7:45
AM
8:30
AM
9:15
AM
10:0
0 AM
10:4
5 AM
11:3
0 AM
12:1
5 PM
1:00
PM
1:45
PM
2:30
PM
3:15
PM
4:00
PM
4:45
PM
5:30
PM
6:15
PM
7:00
PM
7:45
PM
8:30
PM
9:15
PM
10:0
0 PM
10:4
5 PM
11:3
0 PM
ending time
kW
h
4. RESHIPV NCENT load profile for 08/26/07
(50.02 kWh)
Suppose...
ESI ID's meter read for Aug. 1-31:kWh load (inflow to premise): 2,266 kWh gen (outflow to grid): 82
RESHIPV NCENT for Aug. 1-31: 1,424.71 kWh
2,266 / 1,424.71 = 1.59
RESHIPV NCENT and ESI ID's Meter Read
22
Residential PV – Applying the Profile
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
12:1
5 AM
1:00
AM
1:45
AM
2:30
AM
3:15
AM
4:00
AM
4:45
AM
5:30
AM
6:15
AM
7:00
AM
7:45
AM
8:30
AM
9:15
AM
10:0
0 AM
10:4
5 AM
11:3
0 AM
12:1
5 PM
1:00
PM
1:45
PM
2:30
PM
3:15
PM
4:00
PM
4:45
PM
5:30
PM
6:15
PM
7:00
PM
7:45
PM
8:30
PM
9:15
PM
10:0
0 PM
10:4
5 PM
11:3
0 PM
ending time
kW
h
4. RESHIPV NCENT load profile for 08/26/07
(50.02 kWh)
Suppose...
ESI ID's meter read for Aug. 1-31:kWh load: 2,266 kWh gen: 82
RESHIPV NCENT for Aug. 1-31: 1,424.71 kWh
2,266 / 1,424.71 = 1.59
RESHIPV NCENT load profile for 08/26/07
scaled to this ESI ID's kWh load
(79.55 kWh)
RESHIPV NCENT applied to an ESI ID
23
Residential PV – Applying the Profile
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
12:1
5 AM
1:00
AM
1:45
AM
2:30
AM
3:15
AM
4:00
AM
4:45
AM
5:30
AM
6:15
AM
7:00
AM
7:45
AM
8:30
AM
9:15
AM
10:0
0 AM
10:4
5 AM
11:3
0 AM
12:1
5 PM
1:00
PM
1:45
PM
2:30
PM
3:15
PM
4:00
PM
4:45
PM
5:30
PM
6:15
PM
7:00
PM
7:45
PM
8:30
PM
9:15
PM
10:0
0 PM
10:4
5 PM
11:3
0 PM
ending time
kW
h
Suppose...
ESI ID's meter read for Aug. 1-31:kWh load: 2,266 kWh gen: 82
RESHIPV NCENT for Aug. 1-31: 1,424.71 kWh
2,266 / 1,424.71 = 1.59
RESHIPV NCENT load profile for 08/26/07
scaled to this ESI ID's kWh load
(79.55 kWh)
RESHIPV NCENT applied to a PV ESI ID and kWh 'Outflow to Grid'
2.73 kWhkWh gen (82 kWh / 30)
24
Residential PV – Applying the Profile
In the preceding slide the ESI ID’s usage was higher than that of the PV profile.
What if an ESI ID had significantly lower usage?
25
Residential PV – Applying the Profile
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
12:1
5 AM
1:00
AM
1:45
AM
2:30
AM
3:15
AM
4:00
AM
4:45
AM
5:30
AM
6:15
AM
7:00
AM
7:45
AM
8:30
AM
9:15
AM
10:0
0 AM
10:4
5 AM
11:3
0 AM
12:1
5 PM
1:00
PM
1:45
PM
2:30
PM
3:15
PM
4:00
PM
4:45
PM
5:30
PM
6:15
PM
7:00
PM
7:45
PM
8:30
PM
9:15
PM
10:0
0 PM
10:4
5 PM
11:3
0 PM
ending time
kW
h
Suppose...
ESI ID's meter read for Aug. 1-31:kWh load: 627 kWh gen: 88
RESHIPV NCENT for Aug. 1-31: 1,424.71 kWh
627 / 1,424.71 = 0.6
RESHIPV NCENT load profile for 08/26/07
scaled to this ESI ID's kWh load
(22.01 kWh)
RESHIPV NCENT applied to a PV ESI ID and kWh 'Outflow to Grid'
kWh gen (88 kWh / 30) 2.93 kWh
26
Business PV – Building the Profile
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
12:1
5 AM
1:00
AM
1:45
AM
2:30
AM
3:15
AM
4:00
AM
4:45
AM
5:30
AM
6:15
AM
7:00
AM
7:45
AM
8:30
AM
9:15
AM
10:0
0 AM
10:4
5 AM
11:3
0 AM
12:1
5 PM
1:00
PM
1:45
PM
2:30
PM
3:15
PM
4:00
PM
4:45
PM
5:30
PM
6:15
PM
7:00
PM
7:45
PM
8:30
PM
9:15
PM
10:0
0 PM
10:4
5 PM
11:3
0 PM
ending time
kW
h
1. BUSLOLF NCENT load profile from new models
1. BUSLOLF NCENT load profile for 08/26/07
(158.26 kWh)
27
Business PV – Building the Profile
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
12:1
5 AM
1:00
AM
1:45
AM
2:30
AM
3:15
AM
4:00
AM
4:45
AM
5:30
AM
6:15
AM
7:00
AM
7:45
AM
8:30
AM
9:15
AM
10:0
0 AM
10:4
5 AM
11:3
0 AM
12:1
5 PM
1:00
PM
1:45
PM
2:30
PM
3:15
PM
4:00
PM
4:45
PM
5:30
PM
6:15
PM
7:00
PM
7:45
PM
8:30
PM
9:15
PM
10:0
0 PM
10:4
5 PM
11:3
0 PM
ending time
kW
h
2. Scale BUSLOLF NCENT to the average PV ESI ID
2. BUSLOLF NCENT load profile for 08/26/07, scaled
to average PV ESI ID (394.60 kWh)
1. BUSLOLF NCENT load profile for 08/26/07
(158.26 kWh)
28
Business PV – Building the Profile
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
12:1
5 AM
1:00
AM
1:45
AM
2:30
AM
3:15
AM
4:00
AM
4:45
AM
5:30
AM
6:15
AM
7:00
AM
7:45
AM
8:30
AM
9:15
AM
10:0
0 AM
10:4
5 AM
11:3
0 AM
12:1
5 PM
1:00
PM
1:45
PM
2:30
PM
3:15
PM
4:00
PM
4:45
PM
5:30
PM
6:15
PM
7:00
PM
7:45
PM
8:30
PM
9:15
PM
10:0
0 PM
10:4
5 PM
11:3
0 PM
ending time
kW
h
3. Scale up so that PV gen shape can be subtracted
3. BUSLOLF NCENT load profile for 08/26/07, scaled to
average PV ESI ID, then scaled for PV output
(437.32 kWh)
2. BUSLOLF NCENT load profile for 08/26/07, scaled
to average PV ESI ID (394.60 kWh)
29
Business PV – Building the Profile
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
12:1
5 AM
1:00
AM
1:45
AM
2:30
AM
3:15
AM
4:00
AM
4:45
AM
5:30
AM
6:15
AM
7:00
AM
7:45
AM
8:30
AM
9:15
AM
10:0
0 AM
10:4
5 AM
11:3
0 AM
12:1
5 PM
1:00
PM
1:45
PM
2:30
PM
3:15
PM
4:00
PM
4:45
PM
5:30
PM
6:15
PM
7:00
PM
7:45
PM
8:30
PM
9:15
PM
10:0
0 PM
10:4
5 PM
11:3
0 PM
ending time
kW
h
4. Subtract the PV gen shape to produce BUSLOPV NCENT
4. BUSLOPV NCENT load profile for 08/26/07
(394.60 kWh)
3. BUSLOLF NCENT load profile for 08/26/07, scaled to
average PV ESI ID, then scaled for PV output
(437.32 kWh)
30
Business PV – Applying the Profile
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
12:1
5 AM
1:00
AM
1:45
AM
2:30
AM
3:15
AM
4:00
AM
4:45
AM
5:30
AM
6:15
AM
7:00
AM
7:45
AM
8:30
AM
9:15
AM
10:0
0 AM
10:4
5 AM
11:3
0 AM
12:1
5 PM
1:00
PM
1:45
PM
2:30
PM
3:15
PM
4:00
PM
4:45
PM
5:30
PM
6:15
PM
7:00
PM
7:45
PM
8:30
PM
9:15
PM
10:0
0 PM
10:4
5 PM
11:3
0 PM
ending time
kW
h
Suppose...
ESI ID's meter read for Aug. 1-31:kWh load: 3,408 kWh gen: 0
BUSLOPV NCENT for Aug. 1-31: 18,036.17 kWh
3,408 / 18,036.17 = 0.19
BUSLOPV NCENT and ESI ID's Meter Read
4. BUSLOPV NCENT load profile for 08/26/07
(394.60 kWh)
31
Business PV – Applying the Profile
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
12:1
5 AM
1:00
AM
1:45
AM
2:30
AM
3:15
AM
4:00
AM
4:45
AM
5:30
AM
6:15
AM
7:00
AM
7:45
AM
8:30
AM
9:15
AM
10:0
0 AM
10:4
5 AM
11:3
0 AM
12:1
5 PM
1:00
PM
1:45
PM
2:30
PM
3:15
PM
4:00
PM
4:45
PM
5:30
PM
6:15
PM
7:00
PM
7:45
PM
8:30
PM
9:15
PM
10:0
0 PM
10:4
5 PM
11:3
0 PM
ending time
kW
h
Suppose...
ESI ID's meter read for Aug. 1-31:kWh load: 3,408 kWh gen: 0
BUSLOPV NCENT for Aug. 1-31: 18,036.17 kWh
3,408 / 18,036.17 = 0.19
BUSLOPV NCENT applied to an ESI ID
BUSLOPV NCENT load profile for 08/26/07
scaled to this ESI ID's 'inflow to premise'
(74.56 kWh)
32
Business PV – Applying the Profile
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
12:1
5 AM
1:00
AM
1:45
AM
2:30
AM
3:15
AM
4:00
AM
4:45
AM
5:30
AM
6:15
AM
7:00
AM
7:45
AM
8:30
AM
9:15
AM
10:0
0 AM
10:4
5 AM
11:3
0 AM
12:1
5 PM
1:00
PM
1:45
PM
2:30
PM
3:15
PM
4:00
PM
4:45
PM
5:30
PM
6:15
PM
7:00
PM
7:45
PM
8:30
PM
9:15
PM
10:0
0 PM
10:4
5 PM
11:3
0 PM
ending time
kW
h
Suppose...
ESI ID's meter read for Aug. 1-31:kWh load: 104,321 kWh gen: 1,652
BUSLOPV NCENT for Aug. 1-31: 18,036.17 kWh
104,321 / 18,036.17 = 5.78
BUSLOPV NCENT applied to an ESI ID
BUSLOPV NCENT load profile for 08/26/07
scaled to this ESI ID's 'inflow to premise'
(2,280.77 kWh)
33
PV Model Building
Following are some additional details planned for inclusion in the load profile models for PV ESI IDs. The examples shown are for Residential, but the same methodology would be applied to Business as well.
34
• Residential PV Generation assumptions– Represented using Sine function– Begin/End Times for PV Generation are day of year & weather zone
specific• 1 hour after sunrise • 1 hour before sunset
– Daily kWh Generation is based on 3.5 kW with a 20% capacity factor
• Average daily PV Generation is 16.8 kWh • Average daily PV produces output for 10.2 hours (range: 7.9 – 12.4) • Daily PV Generation is prorated based on hours of generation for the
day compared to an average dayExample day with 8 hours of Generation:
2.138.162.10
8PVGenkWh
Residential PV – Building the Model
35
• Residential PV Model assumptions–Standard Profile multiplied by 1.17
Where:Average PV premise Daily kWh = 69.83 (adjusted for PV Gen) Average Standard Profile Daily kWh = 59.58
– Subtract PV Generation from scaled up Profile– if result in an interval is negative, set to zero
• Beta test MetrixND Project file has been developed for Reshiwr_North – Results for 2005 shown graphically on the next 3 slides
17.158.59
83.69tiplierProfileMul
Residential PV – Building the Model
36
PV Gen PV Profile Standard Profile
Jan 15, 2005
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 73 77 81 85 89 93Interval
kWh
Mar 15, 2005
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 73 77 81 85 89 93Interval
kW
h
Apr 15, 2005
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 73 77 81 85 89 93Interval
kW
h
Feb 15, 2005
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 73 77 81 85 89 93Interval
kWh
Residential HIWR North PV
37
PV Gen PV Profile Standard Profile
May 15, 2005
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 73 77 81 85 89 93Interval
kWh
Jun 15, 2005
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 73 77 81 85 89 93Interval
kWh
Jul 15, 2005
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 73 77 81 85 89 93Interval
kWh
Aug 15, 2005
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 73 77 81 85 89 93Interval
kWh
Residential HIWR North PV
38
PV Gen PV Profile Standard Profile
Sep 15, 2005
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 73 77 81 85 89 93Interval
kWh
Oct 15, 2005
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 73 77 81 85 89 93Interval
kWh
Nov 15, 2005
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 73 77 81 85 89 93
Interval
kWh
Dec 15, 2005
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61 65 69 73 77 81 85 89 93Interval
kWh
Residential HIWR North PV
39
Wind – Building the Profile
How would a daily wind load profile be derived for Residential and Business?
At this point it appears that energy from distributed wind generation would be spread evenly across all hours. Though a ‘wind’ profile type assignment would still be needed to address kWh outflow to the distribution system, the standard profile for the respective profile type (but renamed) would still be used in settlement.
Wind-generated ‘outflow to the grid’ would likely be spread evenly to all hours in settlement, as well.
40
Residential Wind – Applying the Profile
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
12:1
5 AM
1:00
AM
1:45
AM
2:30
AM
3:15
AM
4:00
AM
4:45
AM
5:30
AM
6:15
AM
7:00
AM
7:45
AM
8:30
AM
9:15
AM
10:0
0 AM
10:4
5 AM
11:3
0 AM
12:1
5 PM
1:00
PM
1:45
PM
2:30
PM
3:15
PM
4:00
PM
4:45
PM
5:30
PM
6:15
PM
7:00
PM
7:45
PM
8:30
PM
9:15
PM
10:0
0 PM
10:4
5 PM
11:3
0 PM
ending time
kW
h
Suppose...
ESI ID's meter read for Aug. 1-31:kWh 'inflow to premise': 2,579 kWh 'outflow to grid': 47
RESHIWD NCENT for Aug. 1-31: 1,424.71 kWh
2,579 / 1,424.71 = 1.81
RESHIWD NCENT load profile for 08/26/07 scaled
to this ESI ID's usage (107.84 kWh)
RESHIWD NCENT ESI ID and kWh 'Outflow to Grid'
kWh gen (47 kWh / 30) 1.63 kWh
RESHIWD NCENT load profile for 08/26/07
(59.58 kWh)
41
DRG
Questions or comments?
42
Appendix A – Profile Scalar
Scalar for the ‘standard’ load profile:
Slide 5 shows the average kWh ‘inflow to premise’ to be 13,668 for 2007.
The profile type and weather zone combination that had the most reported PV generation was RESHIWR NCENT. That combination’s kWh for all of 2007 from the new profile models was 16,281.
The ratio of these two values is approximately 0.84. Using this value as a scalar in the first step of building a PV load profile serves two purposes:
1. It maintains a proportional PV output as the ESI ID’s kWh ‘inflow to premise’ varies; and
2. It prevents the PV load profile value from going negative.
43
Appendix A – Profile Scalar
Scalar for the ‘standard’ load profile:
Slide 5 shows the average kWh ‘inflow to premise’ to be 13,668 for 2007.
To determine the scalar for the standard load profile, the following ratio was calculated for each Residential PV ESI ID:
kWh load for 2007 / 2007 kWh for respective profile type & weather zone
The average of the 51 ratios (excluding the outlier) is approximately 0.89. Using this value as a scalar in the first step of building a PV load profile serves two purposes:
1. It maintains a proportional PV output as the ESI ID’s kWh ‘inflow to premise’ varies; and
2. It prevents the PV load profile value from going negative.
44
Appendix B – Insolation Across Texas
Source: InfinitePower.org
45
Appendix C – Sunrise Times
Summer Solstice and Winter Solstice -- 2007
6:00 AM 6:10 AM 6:20 AM 6:30 AM 6:40 AM 6:50 AM 7:00 AM 7:10 AM 7:20 AM 7:30 AM 7:40 AM
FWest
South
West
SCent
Coast
NCent
North
East
Dec. 22, 2007 Jun. 21, 2007
46
Appendix D – Sunset Times
Summer Solstice and Winter Solstice -- 2007
5:00 PM 5:30 PM 6:00 PM 6:30 PM 7:00 PM 7:30 PM 8:00 PM 8:30 PM 9:00 PM
FWest
South
West
SCent
Coast
NCent
North
East
Dec. 22, 2007 Jun. 21, 2007