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� The Distillation is a Process of The Distillation is a Process of The Distillation is a Process of The Distillation is a Process of seperationseperationseperationseperation of of of of
constituents of a Liquid Mixture & separate constituents of a Liquid Mixture & separate constituents of a Liquid Mixture & separate constituents of a Liquid Mixture & separate
Recovery of Recovery of Recovery of Recovery of VapourVapourVapourVapour Residue.Residue.Residue.Residue.
� Various Kinds of devices Called Plates or Trays Various Kinds of devices Called Plates or Trays Various Kinds of devices Called Plates or Trays Various Kinds of devices Called Plates or Trays
are used to bring the two phases in intimate are used to bring the two phases in intimate are used to bring the two phases in intimate are used to bring the two phases in intimate
contact. The trays are stacked one above other contact. The trays are stacked one above other contact. The trays are stacked one above other contact. The trays are stacked one above other
& enclosed in a Cylindrical Shell To Form An & enclosed in a Cylindrical Shell To Form An & enclosed in a Cylindrical Shell To Form An & enclosed in a Cylindrical Shell To Form An
Equipment what we call as Equipment what we call as Equipment what we call as Equipment what we call as
• Feed is a Material which is to be separated into Feed is a Material which is to be separated into Feed is a Material which is to be separated into Feed is a Material which is to be separated into
fractions.fractions.fractions.fractions.
• It is Introduced at One or more Points Along the It is Introduced at One or more Points Along the It is Introduced at One or more Points Along the It is Introduced at One or more Points Along the
Column ShellColumn ShellColumn ShellColumn Shell
• Due to Difference on the Gravity between Due to Difference on the Gravity between Due to Difference on the Gravity between Due to Difference on the Gravity between
Liquid Phase & Vapor Phases, the Liquid Runs Liquid Phase & Vapor Phases, the Liquid Runs Liquid Phase & Vapor Phases, the Liquid Runs Liquid Phase & Vapor Phases, the Liquid Runs
Down the column Cascading From tray to Tray Down the column Cascading From tray to Tray Down the column Cascading From tray to Tray Down the column Cascading From tray to Tray
while the while the while the while the vapourvapourvapourvapour goes up the Column, goes up the Column, goes up the Column, goes up the Column,
Contacting the Liquid at each tray.Contacting the Liquid at each tray.Contacting the Liquid at each tray.Contacting the Liquid at each tray.
PROCESS� FRACTIONATIONFRACTIONATIONFRACTIONATIONFRACTIONATION• The feed is heated in the The feed is heated in the The feed is heated in the The feed is heated in the
furnace before it enters furnace before it enters furnace before it enters furnace before it enters the Column .the Column .the Column .the Column .
• As the feed enters in the As the feed enters in the As the feed enters in the As the feed enters in the Column, quantities of Column, quantities of Column, quantities of Column, quantities of vapourvapourvapourvapour are given off by are given off by are given off by are given off by flashing due to release of flashing due to release of flashing due to release of flashing due to release of ofofofof pressure of the feed.pressure of the feed.pressure of the feed.pressure of the feed.
• As the As the As the As the vapourvapourvapourvapour rise up rise up rise up rise up the column, they come in the column, they come in the column, they come in the column, they come in intimate contact with intimate contact with intimate contact with intimate contact with down flowing Liquid.down flowing Liquid.down flowing Liquid.down flowing Liquid.
• The The The The reboilerreboilerreboilerreboiler can be thought of as a pot can be thought of as a pot can be thought of as a pot can be thought of as a pot
sitting on Heating surface of a Stove topsitting on Heating surface of a Stove topsitting on Heating surface of a Stove topsitting on Heating surface of a Stove top
• In order to create & sustain two phases In order to create & sustain two phases In order to create & sustain two phases In order to create & sustain two phases
Needed for the separation, Heat Needed for the separation, Heat Needed for the separation, Heat Needed for the separation, Heat
exchanger must be regulated to the exchanger must be regulated to the exchanger must be regulated to the exchanger must be regulated to the
• The The The The ReboilerReboilerReboilerReboiler is a large heat transfer is a large heat transfer is a large heat transfer is a large heat transfer unit that is Generally located unit that is Generally located unit that is Generally located unit that is Generally located outside of the column shell of the outside of the column shell of the outside of the column shell of the outside of the column shell of the distillation column.distillation column.distillation column.distillation column.
A TYPICAL CROSS SECTTION OF A PIPE RACK A TYPICAL CROSS SECTTION OF A PIPE RACK A TYPICAL CROSS SECTTION OF A PIPE RACK A TYPICAL CROSS SECTTION OF A PIPE RACK
RUNNING THROUGH THE TOWER OF A RUNNING THROUGH THE TOWER OF A RUNNING THROUGH THE TOWER OF A RUNNING THROUGH THE TOWER OF A
A TYPICAL PLAN OF EQUIPMENTS LOCATED IN THE A TYPICAL PLAN OF EQUIPMENTS LOCATED IN THE A TYPICAL PLAN OF EQUIPMENTS LOCATED IN THE A TYPICAL PLAN OF EQUIPMENTS LOCATED IN THE
REFINARY TYPE OF PLANTS HIGHLIGHTING REFINARY TYPE OF PLANTS HIGHLIGHTING REFINARY TYPE OF PLANTS HIGHLIGHTING REFINARY TYPE OF PLANTS HIGHLIGHTING
All the available information/ data from equipment All the available information/ data from equipment All the available information/ data from equipment All the available information/ data from equipment
specification & P&I D will be written on the specification & P&I D will be written on the specification & P&I D will be written on the specification & P&I D will be written on the
elevation view of the columnelevation view of the columnelevation view of the columnelevation view of the column
OTHER LAYOUT OTHER LAYOUT OTHER LAYOUT OTHER LAYOUT
CONSIDERATIONS :CONSIDERATIONS :CONSIDERATIONS :CONSIDERATIONS :----Tall Column (Here after called Tall Column (Here after called Tall Column (Here after called Tall Column (Here after called ““““
TOWERS TOWERS TOWERS TOWERS ””””) requires large ) requires large ) requires large ) requires large
Transportation access through the Transportation access through the Transportation access through the Transportation access through the
Unit facilities for lifting after Unit facilities for lifting after Unit facilities for lifting after Unit facilities for lifting after
adjacent structures are Erected.adjacent structures are Erected.adjacent structures are Erected.adjacent structures are Erected.
Check the foundation clearance when Check the foundation clearance when Check the foundation clearance when Check the foundation clearance when
locating the towers adjacent to locating the towers adjacent to locating the towers adjacent to locating the towers adjacent to
structures & between towers.structures & between towers.structures & between towers.structures & between towers.
If additional supports are required for If additional supports are required for If additional supports are required for If additional supports are required for
the overhead the overhead the overhead the overhead vapourvapourvapourvapour lines, consider lines, consider lines, consider lines, consider
extending the structure column to extending the structure column to extending the structure column to extending the structure column to
•Where possible link the Platforms & Where possible link the Platforms & Where possible link the Platforms & Where possible link the Platforms &
ladders to adjacent structure, Providing the ladders to adjacent structure, Providing the ladders to adjacent structure, Providing the ladders to adjacent structure, Providing the
• Also check the Pump NPSH Also check the Pump NPSH Also check the Pump NPSH Also check the Pump NPSH
Requirement while going for the Bottom Requirement while going for the Bottom Requirement while going for the Bottom Requirement while going for the Bottom