Dissertation-can Only Buildings Bring About Sustainable Development-tanay Jaithalia

8/9/2019 Dissertation-can Only Buildings Bring About Sustainable Development-tanay Jaithalia

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DISSERTATION REPORT

CAN BUILDINGS BRING ABOUT SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

SUBMITTED BY:

TANAY JAITHALIA

0271731605

GUIDE:

VINOD GUPTA

COURSE CO-ORDINATOR:

ASHOK B. LALL

UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING

GURU GOBIND SINGH INDRAPRASTHA UNIVERSITY

Kashmere Gate, Delhi - 110006


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UNIVERSITY SCH

GURU GOBI

C

DISSERTATION TITLE: C

This following study is hereby appr

presented in a manner sufficiently s

which it has been submitted.

It is understood by this approval t

statement made, opinion expressed

purpose for which it has been submit

committee.

Ashok B.Lall

DISSERTATION CO-ORDINAT

OOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING

ND SINGH INDRAPRASTHA UNIVERSITY

Kashmere Gate, Delhi

Dated: 1

RTIFICATE OF APPROVAL

an Buildings bring about Sustainable De

ved as a creditable work on the approved subjec

tisfactory to warrant acceptance as a pre requisite

at the undersigned does not necessarily endors

or conclusion drawn therein but approves the s

ted and satisfies as per the requirements laid down

R

Vinod

DISSERTA

1th January, 2010

velopment

, carried out and

to the degree for

or approve any

tudy only for the

y the dissertation

Gupta

ION GUIDE


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Just as mankind has the power to push the world to the brink so, too, do we have

the power to bring it back into balance?

- HRH The Prince of Wales addressing UN climate conference COP15, Copenhagen (December 2009)

In the RED or the in the GREEN?

The typical Modern lifestyle, with its linear metabolism, puts us in the red on the

resources scales for future generations. To make the needle swing the other way

we must devise circular metabolisms using green principles.


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ABSTRACT

As the dawn of the twenty-first c

unstable asymmetric demographic

together in facing a critical challen

needs, aspirations and desires, wi

needs?

The development path that we have

the health of our surrounding eco

resources available to us on this pl

.This is a result of a growing popu

natural resources and also require t

result of linear rather than cyclic th

design is the crux of the shift from u

The principal objectives of this pap

and then to discuss the implica

technologies, and opportunities ar

Achieving true sustainability will

built facilities along with lifestyle c

consumption.

Keywords: Sustainable Developm

I

ntury approaches, the current pattern of unsu

and economic growth has forced many seg

e: How can societies across the world meet th

hout compromising the ability of future gener

been taking, in the past few centuries, has been

logical context. We are consuming an increa

net, and we are creating sufficiently large amou

lation as well as new technologies which make

e consumption of more resources. Unsustainabl

inking. The paradigm shift from linear to cyclic

nsustainability to sustainability.

r are to present a brief overview of an overall fr

tions of the building design and constructi

presented to improve the sustainability of th

equire a paradigm shift that brings together su

hange which can bring about social change throu

ent, Sustainable Technology, Lifestyle Change,

i

tainable, inequitable and

ents of society to come

eir current basic human

ations to meet their own

ultimately detrimental to

ing share of the natural

nts of waste and pollution

it easier for us to access

technology has been the

thinking in technological

mework for sustainability

n industries. Strategies,

built environment. But,

tainable technologies for

gh sustainable patterns of

reen Lifestyle.


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ACKNOWLEDG

I would like to thank all the people

would like to express my in depth

Dissertation. I am also grateful to

research and for his guidance at vari

I would also like to thank all the

comments. I would like to expres

research.

I am deeply indebted to my family

force for me.

II MENT

who have helped me in the successful completio

ess to my guide Dr. Vinod Gupta for his gui

rof. Ashok B. Lall for helping me to explore

ious stages of my work.

faculty members for their special interest in

s my thanks to my friends and seniors for th

for all their love and emotional support that h

ii

of my Dissertation. I

ance throughout this

a viable topic for my

y research and valuable

eir comments during my

s been a constant driving


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CONTENTS

I. ABSTRACTII. ACKNOWLEDGMENT

III. LIST OF FIGURES1 INTRODUCTION

1.1. General1.2. Need Identification1.3. Scope1.4. Limitation1.5. Objective1.6.Research Methodolo

2. THE PROBLEM2.1. General2.2. Main Enviornmental

Global WarmingOzone DepletionPollutionDeforestationSoil DegradationWaste.

WaterResourcesPopulation

2.3. Climate Change2.4. Causes of Climate C2.5. Addressing the Probl

3. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOP3.1. Introduction3.2. Objectives of Sustain3.3. The New Paradigm:

Social SustainabilityEnviornmental SustainaEcomomic Sustainabilit

3.4. Stratergies TowardsThinking Long-TermInnovationPopulationChanging LifestylesHealing LandThe Social Equity ImpeEconomic StabilityPolitical Stability

y

Issues

ange

em

MENT

able

yclic Sustainable Development

ility

Sustainable Development

ative

iii

i

ii

v

1

1

3

4

4

5

5

6

6

8

10

12

13

14

14

16


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3.5. Population4. ADVANCEMENT IN TEC

4.1. Background4.2. Sustainable Technolo4.3. The Current Paradig4.4. Green Buildings - Bu4.5. Green But Not Sustai

5. WHAT DO US HAVE AS5.1. General5.2. Grey To Green5.3. Sustainable Building

Minimizing Consumpti

Satisfying Human NeedAvoiding Negative Envi

6. CONCLUSIONIV. BIBLIOGRAPHY

NOLOGY

gy

m: Unsustainable Linear System

ilding Industry Solution to Technology And E

nable

OLUTION?

Technologies

n

s And Aspirationsronmental Impacts

iv

19

20

20

22

23

ficiency 24

26

28

28

28

30

35

vi


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LIST OF FIGUR

Figure 1 - A cartoon on Global warmingFigure 2 - A cartoon on Negligence tow

Figure 3 - Climate change : Global pro

Figure 5 - Lining Planet Index, 1720-2

Figure 4 - Humanity's Ecological Footp

Figure 6 - World Greenhouse gas emis

Figure 7 - Cartoon on Carbon Emission

Figure 8 - Concept of Sustainable dev

Figure 9 - Cyclic Sustainable Develop

Figure 10 - Cartoon on Effects of Popul

Figure 11 - Think sustainably ..............

Figure 12 - Unsustainable linear develo

Figure 14 - Relation between Energy C

Figure 13 - Relation between Time Spe

III S

.............................................................................

ards Climate change ...............................................

esses and effects ...................................................

05.........................................................................

int, 1961-2005 ........................................................

sions by sector........................................................

.............................................................................

lopment.................................................................

ent .......................................................................

ation ......................................................................

..............................................................................

pment ....................................................................

onsumption.............................................................

nt .........................................................................

iii

....................................... 6

....................................... 8

....................................... 9

..................................... 10

..................................... 10

..................................... 11

..................................... 12

..................................... 13

..................................... 15

..................................... 20

..................................... 21

..................................... 23

..................................... 27

..................................... 27


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p INT

Coal and oil paved the way f

countries are taking the same p

dangerous greenhouse gas habit.

of greenhouse gases in the atmos

We dont just burn carbon in the

felled for timber and making pa

a growing demand for biofuels.

vast amounts of CO2, infact it i

contributing to climate change l

Degradation and Extinction of fl

The environmental, economic a

Ecosystems from the mountain

Low-lying cities face inundatio

becoming ever more unpredictab

Climate change is the defining i

politician making at least one re

effects and, in the longer term, t

us, and the problem is here to

influence just how serious the pr

by supporting the transition to a

Although, there is a huge gulf be

are to achieve sustainable develo

that there are other gains to. It wi

CHAPTER-1 ODUCTION

r the developed worlds industrial progress.

ath in search of improved living standards that

Our dependence on carbon-based energy has ca

phere and consequently to environmental degrad

form of fossil fuels. But, throughout the tropics,

er, for pasture and arable land and, increasingly

his further manifestation of our greenhouse gas

s destroying a valuable resource for absorbing

ading to threats like Global Warming , Polluti

ra and fauna .

nd political implications of these environmenta

to the ocean, from the Poles to the tropics are

, Foreword fertile lands are turning to deserts,

le.

sue of our era. Hardly a day passes without a ne

erence to the threats it poses and the urgency of

adapt to the changes that are sure to come. For

stay. But it is still in our control as individ

oblem will become. We have the choice how to

limate neutral world.

tween where we are now and the climate-neutral

pment, but the message of this study is that the g

ill require patience, persistence and determinatio

1

nd now the developing

leads us in the grip of a

sed a significant build-up

ation.

valuable forests are being

, for plantations to supply

habit is not only releasing

atmospheric CO2, further

n ,Ozone Depletion, Soil

l problems are profound.

undergoing rapid change.

and weather patterns are

wspaper, a broadcast or a

taking action, to limit the

climate change, it is upon

uals and communities, to

act and make a difference

future that we need if we

ulf is not uncrossable and

, but it can be done.


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Sustainable development is defin

"Development that meets

futu

Sustainable development is a pat

better quality of life for everyon

in the present, but also for futur

in the world as a whole:

Social progress which re Effective protection of t Prudent use of natural re Maintenance of high and

Sustainable development is thre

along with environmental devel

human activities on the enviro

destruction and resource depleti

survival of many species, includi

Humanitys demand on the plan

growth and increasing individua

human impact can be controlled.

In essence, the lesson is simple

happen in the following ways:

Reducing the number of pe Improving the efficiency an By changing lifestyles.

1Brundtland, Our common future , 19

2WWF, living planet report, 2008

ed as:

he needs of the present without compromi

e generations to meet their own needs."1

tern of resource consumption that aims to meet

while preserving the environment so that these

generations. This requires meeting four key o

cognizes the needs of everyone ;

e environment;

sources; and

stable levels of economic growth and employm

dimensional process which caters to economic

opment. But this development is hindered by

ment. Human-induced global warming, polluti

ion are contributing to an environmental crisis

ng the human themselves.

et has more than doubled over the past 45 year

l consumption (world wildlife federation)2. This s

; reducing the overall impact that people have

ple on the planet ;

d effectiveness of technology ; and

7

2

sing on the ability of

uman needs and ensure a

needs can be met not only

jectives at the same time

nt.

l and social development

the pressure imposed by

on, deforestation, habitat

which is threatening the

as a result of population

tudy focuses on how this

on the environment can


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The question of population is cl

growth- rate, which is one of th

women, education and access t

rate. But, as it is a slow process,

We can improve energy efficien

energy demand and can try to ac

aspirations, and though consu

efficiency will lead to higher rat

of greater concern, reduction in

with a lifestyle change which m

the goal of one planet living.

It is our duty as men and wo

1.2 NEED IDENTIFIC

In the conventional economic vi

the better off they are deemed to

resource consumption.

With increase in environmental

technology is viewed as a simple

With such a notion, much of bu

disposal, have a significant imp

This rest on the fact that buildin

huge number for a single sector

1.2

arly critical. We cant reduce the existing popu

factors that scales humanitys impact on the

voluntary family planning can slow or even re

it will be less effective through short term planni

y in industries, buildings and all forms of transp

hieve maximum possible gain. But without chan

ption pattern. Advancement in technology

of consumption. In present situation when env

resource consumption is of greater importance

ans adopting a greener lifestyle to become carb

en to proceed as though the limits of our abil

Pierre Teilhard De Chardin

ATION

w, consumption is the route to human well-bein

be. This notion along with advancement in tech

degradation due to higher rate of resource cons

st and faster means to achieve sustainable develo

rden has been on the Building sector because t

ct on the Natural environment, which is the so

gs are responsible for about 40% of the global

nd obviously this is where a big difference can b

3

lation, but can control its

planet. Empowerment of

verse population growth-

ng.

ort to stabilize the overall

ging our expectations and

ill fail and increase in

ironmental degradation is

. It can only be achieved

on neutral and to achieve

ities do not exist

g. The more people have,

nology is leading to more

umption, advancement in

pment.

eir construction, use and

cial fabric of our society.

energy consumption. It is

e made. (Gupta)


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But 40% is only a minor ratio of

spend, out of 24 hours in a day,

account for 87.5% of our time

building activities account for 1

dieting habits, travel, clothing, e

are more energy efficient than

Sustainable architecture can help

not the case, in present day scen

a community development.

This study focuses on the idea -

development.

1.2 SCOPE

It is intended that this dissertati

cant bring about sustainable d

environmental degradation.

The research pattern will not onl

will also express the need for the

So, the study is aimed at an ide

achieve Sustainable Developm

nature.

1.2 LIMITATION

Neither enough secondary data

present day lifestyle choices. Re

internet.

1.3

1.4

100% where much greater savings in energy co

about 21 hours in a building, which is 87.5% o

re associated with just 40% of our energy cons

2.5 % of the time, with 60% of energy consum

ntertainment and our waste disposal. Now, can

other places where human beings spend time?

, put into practice and even encourage a sustaina

rio; sustainable architecture is limited to an indi

what else is required other than buildings that c

on will provide the brief introduction on the id

evelopment and how sustainable lifestyle can

y provide the idea of how sustainable developm

same.

that Improvement in building technology is

nt. We have to change our lifestyle too, to r

has been collected, nor has any scientific eval

search is based on the readings and data collecte

4

sumption is possible. We

f the time. Buildings that

umption, while other non

ption which includes our

anyone say that buildings

ble way of life. But thats

idual building rather than

an bring upon sustainable

ea of why only buildings

cater to the problem of

nt can be achieved, but it

not only the sole idea to

duce our impact on the

uation been made on the

through surveys and the


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1.2 OBJECTIVE

To understand the requirem To study Sustainable Devel To focus on the strategies t To understand why ethnolo To analyze human activities To understand how the b

greener ones.

To focus on the idea of one Also finding a futuristic sol

1.2 RESEARCH MET

Understanding of environm Defining sustainable devel Queuing the strategies to a Understanding the role of t

is discouraged.

Understanding Sustainable Defining the role of lifestyl

it is required.

Emphasizing the idea of on Understanding how built en Concluding, why the built

along with sustainable tech

1.5

1.6

ent of sustainable development and causes of cli

opment as the solution to environmental degrada

achieve sustainable development.

y lack as the solution to achieve sustainable dev

and examine how lifestyle change can reduce re

ilt environment will help people discard old h

planet living and its benefits

ution as part of the conclusion.

HODOLOGY

ental degradation as a byproduct of human aspir

pment as a solution

hieve sustainable development

chnology and why it is insufficient. And why t

lifestyle (Green Living ) with sustainable consu

e changes in achieving sustainable development,

e planet living along with lifestyle change as the

vironment can respond to achieve green living c

environment is incapable for development and

ologies can lead to better future.

5

ate change.

ion.

elopment.

source consumption.

abits and form healthier,

tions and needs

e idea of lifestyle change

ption as the basis

with major focus on why

solution

ncept.

how sustainable lifestyle


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m THE PRO

Whether we live on the edge of

depend on the services provided

underpin those services much t

causing recession, so reckless

natural capital to a point where

Our global footprint now exceed

on the planet continue at the sam

maintain our lifestyle (world wild

we have seen them in form of v

past summer (2008), the Arctic

impact of our carbon footprint.

1.2 MAIN ENVIORN

GLOBAL WARMING describes t

greenhouse gases accumulate i

abnormally high amounts, tr

radiation and causing its te

significantly, leading to envir

such as changes in rainfall patte

and expansion of deserts.

3WWF, living planet report, 2008

CHAPTER-2

2.2

LEM

the forest or in the heart of the city, our livelih

by the Earths natural systems. But we are con

o fast faster than they can be replenished. Ju

onsumption and growth in human population

e are endangering our future prosperity.

s the worlds capacity to regenerate by about 30

e rate, then by the mid-2030s we will need the e

life federation) . These overall trends have very c

arious environmental problems. For the first tim

ice cap was surrounded by open water literal

ENTAL ISSUES

e process by which

the atmosphere in

pping the Earths

perature to raise

onmental problems

rns, rising sea levels

Figure 1 - A c

6

oods and indeed our lives

suming the resources that

st as reckless spending is

is depleting the worlds

percent3. If our demands

uivalent of two planets to

ncrete consequences, and

e in recorded history, this

ly disappearing under the

artoon on Global warming


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OZONE DEPLETION Ozone la

depletion, caused by emission o

the atmosphere leads to rise in s

POLLUTION of air, water and l

and other human activities, is en

DEFORESTATION due to com

other activities cause the destru

exacerbates the effects of global

SOIL DEGRADATION due to

causes Soil erosion, increased s

can diminish crop yields, increas

WASTE Increasing amounts of

groundwater and for more incine

WATERone third of the world p

grows, the need for water will

quality of groundwater and river

RESOURCES some non-rene

eventually be Depleted. The ec

limited. Renewable Resources, s

POPULATION Global populatio

impacts, as mentioned above.

yer shields the Earth from the harmful ultraviol

f chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other ozone-

in cancers, damage to the human immune syste

nd, resulting from burning of fossil fuels, indust

angering human health, biodiversity and the bui

ercial logging, conversion of forest land for

ction of natural habitats and extinction of plan

warming and pollution.

Urbanization, construction, mining, war, agri

alination, altered soil structure, drainage capaci

e the risk of flooding and destroy natural habitats

waste add pressure for more landfill sites, w

ration, which pollutes the air and produces toxic

opulation is still without access to safe water an

row along with waste and pollution which will

.

able resources, including natural gas and p

nomically viable extraction of some abundant

uch as timber, are also at a risk of overexploitatio

n growth is associated with increases in the hum

7

et (UV) radiation, but its

depleting substances into

, and altered crop yields.

rial processes, agriculture,

lt environment.

gricultural purposes, and

and animal species, and

ulture and deforestation

y and fertilization which

.

ich pollute air, soil and

residue.

, as the global population

increasingly threaten the

etroleum resources, will

mineral ores may also be

n.

an-induced environmental


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1.2 CLIMATE CHAN

All these environmental issues

Climate Change. Climate chang

distribution of weather over pe

decades to millions of years. It

weather or a change in the d

Climate change is one of

environmental challenges facing

food production, natural ecosyst

etc.4

According to the latest scientific

global and regional scales since

0.1C per decade) observed over

The Intergovernmental Panel on

increase between 1.4 and 5.8 de

severe impacts on the global h

processes. The impact would

developing countries, including I

We have only one planet. Its ca

but fundamentally limited. Whe

surpass ecological limits we er

human well-being.

4Wikipedia ,Climate change

5Geneva, Climate change synthesis r

2.3

Figure 2 - A cartoon

E

lead to one main problem of

e is a change in the statistical

riods of time that range from

can be a change in the average

istribution of weather events.

the most important global

humanity with implications for

ems, freshwater supply, health,

assessment, the earths climate system has dem

he preindustrial era. Further evidence shows tha

the last 50 years, is attributable to human activiti

Climate Change (IPCC) projects that the glob

rees Celsius (C) by 2100. This unprecedented in

ydrological system, ecosystems, sea level, cro

be particularly severe in the tropical areas,

ndia.

acity to support a thriving diversity of species, i

n human demand on this capacity exceeds wh

ode the health of the Earths living systems. Ulti

port,2001

8

on negligence towards climate change

nstrably changed on both

t most of the warming (of

ies5.

l mean temperature may

crease is expected to have

p production and related

hich mainly consist of

ncluding humans, is large

t is available when we

mately, this loss threatens


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.

9

Figure3-

Climatechange:Globalprocessesandeffects


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1.2 CAUSES OF CLI

The Living Planet Index reflects

the extent and type of human de

The Living Planet Index of

has declined by nearly 30 percen

35 years (Figure 4). While bio

leveled off in some temperate

Living Planet Index continues to


its Ecological Footprint, now

regenerative capacity by about

5). This global overshoot is g

consequence, ecosystems are be

waste is accumulating in the ai

The resulting deforestation,

declining biodiversity and cli

putting the well being and

nations at increasing risk.

All human demands on the bios

drink, energy or materials, and

ecosystems by towns, cities and i

2.4 ATE CHANGE

the state of the planets ecosystems while the E

and being placed on these systems.

lobal biodiversity

t over just the past

diversity loss has

areas, the overall

show a decline.

ts living resources,

xceeds the planets

0 per cent (Figure

rowing and, as a

ing run down and

r, land and water.

water shortages,

mate change are

evelopment of all

phere the production and consumption of natur

the disposal of associated waste products or th

infrastructure.

Figure 4 Lining Pl

Figure 5 Humanity'

10

ological Footprint shows

al resources for food and

displacement of natural

lanet Index, 1720-2005

Ecological Footprint, 1961-2005


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Fig


growth and increasing individua

two planets to keep up with hum

representing human demand on

as clear and robust guideposts to

Data is for 2000. All calculations are based o

While technological developme

challenge, much of what needs t

has the will, it has the way to liv

ecosystems on which this depend6

WWF, living planet report, 2008

re 6 World Greenhouse gas emissions by sector

et has more than doubled over the past 45 year

l consumption. If we continue as usual, by the

anitys demand for various goods and services6

.

ature and the Living Planet Index measuring na

what needs to be done.

n CO2 equivalents

nts will continue to play an important role in ad

o be done is already known, and solutions are av

e within the means of the planet, while securing

s.

11

as a result of population

early 2030s we will need

The Ecological Footprint

tures overall health serve

ressing the sustainability

ailable today. If humanity

human well-being and the


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.2 ADDRESSING T

If not earth tha

Unsustainable patterns of consu

other ecological and social probl

depletion. Hence, promoting sus

the environment and improve hu

We need to cut down our Green

and hence become carbon neutra

Reducing our GHG emissions m

must expect. This will include n

all of which will certainly come

strategy, climate adaptation, pre

inertia locked up in the atmosph

caused by GHGs emitted several

Climate neutrality is a way t

which will help to reduce the li

This will, in turn, lessen th

adaptation and alleviate the cost

Adaptation and mitigation can

each other .And together can

reduce the consequences of a

climate change change cause

activities.

2.5 E PROBLEM

where,If not now than when, If not us th

mption and production is a primary cause of cl

ems. These include: land degradation, air and w

ainable consumption and production is one of th

man well-being through sustainable development

house gas (GHG) emission which are the primar

l to achieve sustainable development.

eans attempting climate change mitigation, tryin

w policies, innovative technologies and a chang

at a price. We also need to go flat out at the sam

aring to cope with the inevitable changes ahead

ere and the oceans: much of the warming we ar

decades ago).

o mitigation

ely damage.

e need for

of adapting.

complement

significantly

thropogenic

d by human

Figure 7 - Cartoon on

12

an who.

imate change and lead to

ter pollution and resource

e key responses to protect

.

y cause of climate change

g to reduce the impact we

e in lifestyle for all of us,

time on a quite different

(inevitable because of the

e experiencing today was

Carbon Emission


21/47

SUSTAINA

Sustainable development is a so

while maintaining the quality of t

commission which became the m

Development that meet th

The concept of sustainable devel

growth and encompasses three

social. It refers first to needs

environment, for a secure and c

generational equity, implying

available to the present one.

Third, it puts an emphasis on s

equity between people living toda

The concept of sustainable devel

based decision making in which

(the economy), the Environm

(well-being) of society are i

compromising the ability of pres

their needs, so that all three - the

health of society - can be sustaine

7

Brundtland, Our common future , 198Giovannini, Measuring Sustainable de

9Mawhinney, Sustainable developmen

CHAPTER-3 BLE DEVELOPMENT

cio-ecological process characterized by the ful

he natural environment indefinitely. The term w

st often quoted definition of sustainable develop

e needs of the present without compromising

generations to meet their own needs.7

opment is concerned both with the quality and

dimensions of welfare (Mawhinney)8

econ

in a broad sense, not only economic needs b

ohesive society. Second, explicit in the conc

hat the next generation should be secured opp

cial equity, between all people around the wo

y and people living in the future.

opment is a process of consensus-

the impact ofEconomic activities

nt (ecosystems) and the Health

ntegrated and balanced, without

ent and future generations to meet

economy, the environment, and the

d into the future.9

7velopment

t understanding the green debate

Figure 8 -

13

fillment of human needs

s used by the Brundtland

ment as:

he ability of future

the quantity of economic

omic, environmental and

t also needs for a clean

pt is a focus on inter-

rtunities similar to those

rld living today, and also

Concept of Sustainable development


22/47

1.2 OBJECTIVES OF

Sustainable development is abou

come. This requires meeting fou

Social progress which re Effective protection of t Prudent use of natural re Maintenance of high and

Sustainable development is thre

along with environmental devel

human activity on the environ

destruction and resource depleti

survival of many species, includi

1.2 THE NEW PARA

Sustainable development offers

improve our quality of life with

relationship, or balancing act,

constraints) which are constantly

state, it requires decision makers

in the environment, human nee

contribute to sustainability today

the context has changed.

3.2

3.3

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

t ensuring a better quality of life for everyone, n

key objectives at the same time in the world as

cognizes the needs of everyone

e environment

sources

stable levels of economic growth and employm

dimensional process which caters to economic

opment. But this development is hindered by

ent. Human-induced global warming, polluti

ion are contributing to an environmental crisis

ng the human species.

IGM: CYCLIC SUSTAINABLE DEVEL

a new way of thinking which reconciles the u

the limitations imposed on us by our global c

etween many factors (social, environmental an

changing. Because sustainability is a dynamic c

to be flexible and willing to modify their approa

ds and desires, or technological advances. Thi

, either in perception or in reality, may be deeme

14

ow and for generations to

whole:

nt.

l and social development

the pressure imposed by

on, deforestation, habitat

which is threatening the

PMENT

biquitous human drive to

ontext. Sustainability is a

d economic realities and

oncept rather than a static

hes according to changes

s means that actions that

d detrimental tomorrow if


23/47

S

N

Pref

C

Pop

P

E

The next three sections discuss

sustainability.

SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY

Sustainability is inherently anthr

There are many socio-cultural i

generational equity, in which w

need to survive and enjoy life.

care of our grandchildrens inhe

growth, human health, cultural

with our quality of life and sh

elements discussed below.

ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINA

The natural environment is the

Recognize the limits of our envi

the planet. Some of these resour

intact to regenerate. Other res

whatsoever depletes the total sto

depletable.

ENVIRONMENT

Renewable Resources

Non-RenewableResources

Biodiversity

Assimilative Capacity

Ecosystem Resilence

ECONOMIC

Goods and Services

Efficiency

ResourceAllocation

Consumption

CIAL

eeds

erences

lture

ulation

litics

quity

the social, environmental and economic issu

opocentric, since it is the welfare of humans with

ssues which influence sustainability. The most

must insure that we leave our progeny with th

s an African proverb says, We do not own th

ritance. Other issues in this realm are: environ

needs, and personal preferences. These element

ould not be ignored in favor of the more eas

ILITYhysical context within which we live. Sustainabi

onment. There are limits to the quantities of natu

ces, such as trees and wildlife, are renewable so

urces, such as minerals, are renewed at such

ck. We need to minimize our consumption of all

F

15

s which are essential to

which we are concerned.

prominent issue is inter-

tools and resources they

earth; we are just taking

mental justice, population

s have a great deal to do

ily measurable economic

lity requires that we

ral resources that exist on

long as we leave enough

slow rates that any use

resources, renewable and

igure 9 - Cyclic Sustainable Development


24/47

Another key environmental issu

organism and we must maintain

these must be small enough so

protection of an endangered spec

ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY

Economics is important to susta

the production, distribution, and

Has a significant impact on the

material inputs and the repositor

Economic gain has been the dri

past. A shift to sustainability

disadvantageous.

1.2 STRATERGIES T

The impact of human society on

way in which they live .The e

straightforward. In essence, the

environment can happen by follo

THINKING LONG-TERM Clia human time scale, and the w

problem, we must embrace the f

future generations. Just as Egypt

of the planet matters beyond our

10The worldwatch institute, State of t

3.4

e is to minimize our impact on global ecosys

it in a healthy state. Natural ecosystems can s

that the earth can recover. Protecting ecosyste

ies, the preservation of a wetland, or protection o

inability because of its broader meaning as a s

consumption of goods and services. The exchang

environment, since the environment serves as t

for discarded goods.

ver for much of the unsustainable developmen

will only occur if it is shown not to be

WARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPM

the environment is determined by number of pe

quation of the relationship between lifestyle a

lesson is simple; reducing the overall impact

wing ways (The worldwatch institute)10

:

ate change is a uniquely long-range problem; its

rst effects will likely be visited on our future

uture as our responsibility and consider the impa

ians built pyramids to last millennia, we need to

own short lives.

e world , 2009

16

ems: the earth is like an

urvive some impacts, but

health may involve the

f biodiversity in general.

cial science that explains

e of goods and services

e ultimate source of raw

that has occurred in the

excessively costly and

NT

ople on the planet and the

nd environment is pretty

that people have on the

effects appear gradual on

generation. To solve this

ct of todays decisions on

start acting as if the future


25/47

INNOVATION - The world needand use of carbon-free energy

pact will offer incentives that ac

other low-emission technologies

need to dramatically increase the

the atmosphere of greenhouse ga

POPULATION- It is essential

and programs that can help slo

to decide for themselves whethe

acknowledge both the impacts o

which slower growth and a sm

equitable climate framework. A

to address population not by pr

meeting the family planning, hea

CHANGING LIFESTYLES - Thwill have to change as wellan

States, the inexorable increase in

been a major driver of greenhou

of other industrial countries. Lif

in the end, the things we may

consumption, easy and cheap

necessities or in most cases what

s to develop and disseminate technologies that

hile minimizing cost and optimizing convenie

celerate technological development and ensure t

are deployed in all countries regardless of abi

efficiency with which we use carbon-based ene

ses.

o reopen the global dialogue on human popula

and eventually reverse its growth by making su

r and when to have children. A comprehensive

climate change on vulnerable populations and t

aller world population can play in reducing f

d it should renew the commitment that the worl

essuring parents to have fewer or more childr

lth, and educational needs of women.

worlds climate cannot be saved by technolog

the longer we wait the larger the needed sacrif

the size of homes and vehicles that has marked

se gas emissions and the main reason that U.S.

style changes will be needed, some of which se

need to learn to live withoutoversized cars

world travel, meat with every meal, dispos

makes people happy.

17

maximize the production

nce. An effective climate

hat renewable energy and

lity to pay the costs. We

rgy and lower release into

ion and promote policies

re that all women are able

climate agreement would

e long-term contribution,

ture emissions under an

ds nations made in 1994

n than they want but by

alone. The way we live

ices will be. In the United

the past few decades has

mission are double those

m unattractive today. But

and houses, status-based

ble everythingare not


26/47

HEALING LAND - We need tdestroyed or degraded forests a

atmospheres carbon and greenh

an estimated 13 percent of all hu

into a more effective sink for t

THE SOCIAL EQUITY IMPEmechanisms for sharing the burd

in the developed countries are al

levels in most of undeveloped

optation of Earths greenhouse-

and the corresponding need to

development. Most people live

problemthough it is worth rec

carbon footprints.

ECONOMIC STABILITY- Thehard economic times add to its

precious land for carbon sequest

is doomed to failure. And as gro

of a finite planet, we may have t

and disease. A robust internati

consistently in anemic as well a

and innovations that acknowled

techniques to ensure that efficie

cuts and adaptation efforts.

reverse the flow of carbon dioxide and othe

nd land. Soil and vegetation can serve as pow

use gases. Under the right management, soil alo

man-caused carbon dioxide emissions. To the ex

hese gases.

ATIVE - A climate agreement that can endu

en of costs and potential discomforts. Per capita

most five times those in developing countries a

ountries. An effective climate agreement will

gas absorbing capacity by the wealthiest and mo

reserve most of what little absorbing capacit

in such countries, and they bear little respo

lling that small but growing shares of their popu

global economy is raising the obvious question:

urdens the costs of switching from fossil to ren

ration? Any climate agreement built on an assum

wing and increasingly affluent populations dem

o balance the future of climate against present re

onal climate regime will need to design mech

s booming economic times. And a strong pact

e and accommodate the problem of cost whi

ncy is not achieved at the expensive of effecti

18

r greenhouse gases from

rful net removers of the

ne could absorb each year

ent we can make the land

re and succeed will find

fossil fuel CO2 emissions

d more than 20 times the

cknowledge the past co-

st industrialized countries

is left for countries in

nsibility for causing this

lations already have large

can a world heading into

wable fuels or managing

ption of global prosperity

nd more of the resources

alities of hunger, poverty,

anisms that will operate

ill be built on principles

ile building in monitoring

e and enduring emission


27/47

POLITICAL STABILITY- A wstay focused on the more dista

climate and adapt to the ones

diminish insecurity caused or e

violent conflict and minimize th

prevention and adaptation (alo

negotiating an effective climate

practice peace, to look beyond t

the rest of the world, to see hu

locked in pointless and perpetual

From various strategies towards

help to achieve the idea in large

Population Reducing Innovation - Improvin Changing lifestyles

1.2 POPULATION

A nations total Ecological Fo

footprint. The latter is a function

and the resources used or waste

population and the average foot

population and increase in cons

environmental degradation. So th

3.5

rld distracted by major wars or outbreaks of ter

t future. And just such a focus is needed to

lready occurring. A climate pact could encour

acerbated by climate change. But unless nation

e chance that terrorism will distract and disrupt

g with development itself) will take a back

agreement offers countries an opportunity, if t

he narrowness of the interests within their bord

manity as a single vulnerable species rather th

competition.

sustainable development following are the thre

ontext along with larger gain;

The number of people on the planet

the efficiency of technology

otprint is determined by its population, and

both of the quantity of goods and services the a

generated in providing those goods and service

print have increased since 1961 Consumption i

umption will lead to green house gases emissi

e problem of population growth is very critical.

19

rorism will not be able to

revent future changes in

age preemptive action to

s can find ways to defuse

societies, climate change

seat. On the bright side,

hey will only seize it, to

rs at their dependence on

n a collection of nations

major issues, which can

by its residents average

erage resident consumes,

s. On a global scale, both

s directly proportional to

n which further leads to


28/47

Since 1987 the Earths populati

by 76 per cent. Average per ca

needs energy to be produced. Th

increased by 4 per cent annually

by at least 50 per cent by 2030,

growth.

The question of population is

impact on the planet. We cant c

can be slowed and its negative

greater education and econom

counseling and services for wo

alongside adoption of these strat

slow process and will have less

effective in upcoming years and

be used but we cannot depend on

Having one less child is the

anyone can make to leaving

- Prof John Guilleband, Optimum

11UNEP, Kick the habit

n has grown by almost 30 per cent, and global

ita gross national income has almost doubled.

e global primary energy supply (80 per cent of i

from 1987 to 2004.11 Demand for energy is pre

as the fast-developing countries like ours conti

learly critical. Population is one of the factor

t existing population but can control the growth

impacts on human well-being alleviated by

ic opportunities, and improving access to v

en who want to delay, space or limit births. Pro

egies, leads to smaller, healthier and better educ

impact in the short term. Also the reduction in

the problem encountered in present day will be

it to achieve sustainable development.

iggest contribution

habitable planet

opulation Trust (2008)

Figure 10 - cartoon

20

conomic output has risen

nd just about everything

it supplied by fossil fuels)

icted to continue to grow

inue their rapid economic

that scale humanitys

. Rapid population growth

mpowering women with

luntary family planning

moting good governance,

ted families. But this is a

carbon emission will be

he same. So this idea can

n Effects of Population


29/47

ADVANC

Technology plays a very important

ways in which we interact with our

them for human purposes, and to

between resources and our goals an

no doubt that more efficient techno

but this perspective has limitations.

Though efficiency will lead to les

everyone. For example, if a hybrid

is more efficient in comparison to

networks support this kind of inno

countries. This is a case for high e

rebound effect. for example , in I

lantern to minimize the use of ke

inefficient because it lead to higher

was cheaper and available. Impro

works well in a stable economy.

It is through use of technology that

the quality of life of many people.

improvements in the immediate qu

toll on the environment. In order to

have to be more deliberate and

technology. We need to develop an

mind. We need sustainable technol

CHAPTER-4 MENT IN TECHNOLOGY

role in sustainable development because it is o

environment; we use technologies to extract na

adapt our man-made living space. Technology

objectives. This lead to focus on energy and m

logy will make an important contribution to the

er use of resources but it would be expansive

ar is introduced in the market which runs 150 k

a normal car but the question arise can we al

vation. No, certainly not this is the problem m

nd innovation but problem do exist, advanceme

dian villages where there was no electricity g

osene oil , but this step towards less consum

consumption. People started using it for their co

ving quality of technology doesnt qualify in e

we have seen drastic improvements in

nfortunately, many of these short term

ality of life have also exacted a great

proceed toward sustainability, we will

thoughtful in our employment of

use technologies with sustainability in

ogies.

21

ne of the most significant

tural resources, to modify

is understood to mediate

terial efficiency. There is

sustainable development,

and cannot be afford by

per liter of petrol which

l have it or can our road

stly faced by developing

nt in technology leads to

vernment provided solar

tion of resources proved

oking purposes because it

conomy of transition but

Figure 11 - Think sustainably


30/47

1.2 SUSTAINABLE TE

A sustainable technology is one th

well with the goals of sustainable

economic development and human

contribute, support or advance su

improving process efficiency, and c

or benign, while benefiting humans

To qualify as sustainable technolo

meeting pre-existing requirements a

Minimize use of nonrenewable en

Satisfying human needs and aspir

Minimal negative impact on the e

Minimizing Consumption- Th

because consumption of resource

rendering them of lower utility for

we decrease their potential utility t

energy as possible, or doing more

Maintaining Human Satisfacti

intended to serve. In fulfilling thos

differences. In some cases these p

compromise will have to be worke

fulfillment of our desires means the

4.2 HNOLOGY

at promotes a societal move toward sustainabil

development. Sustainable technologies are prac

atisfaction in harmony with the environment. Th

stainable development by reducing risk, enha

reating processes, products or services that are e

.

gies, the solutions must have the following cha

nd constraints (e.g. economic viability):

rgy and natural resources

tions with sensitivity to cultural context

rths ecosystems

use of nonrenewable energy and natural resou

inherently involves increasing the disorder

future use. By subjecting materials and energy

current and future generations. Therefore, cons

ith less, is a fundamental objective of sustaina

on- A sustainable technology must fulfill the ne

e needs the technology must account for huma

references may conflict with environmental an

d out. This is does not mean that human prefe

difference between surviving and living.

22

ity, a technology that fits

tical solutions to achieve

ese technologies serve to

ncing cost effectiveness,

nvironmentally beneficial

racteristics, in addition to

rces should be minimized

of materials and energy,

o consumption processes

uming as little matter and

ility.

eds of the population it is

preferences and cultural

economic criteria and a

ences should be ignored;


31/47

Minimizing Negative Environ

impacts (as well as maximizing

environment consists of ecosyste

Sustainability of the human race re

health through maintaining biodiver

1.2 THE CURRENT PA

In order to understand the changes t

at the paradigm which is currently

subject of sustainability, there is g

disregards constraints to material

unsustainable linear development a

model, several systems are linked

natural resources such as air, water,

4.3

ental Impacts - Finally, causing minimal

positive impacts) is an important objective o

ms whose ongoing health is essential for h

uires that ecosystems be protected and preserv

sity, adequate habitat, and ecosystem resilience.

ADIGM: UNSUSTAINABLE LINEAR S

hat need to be made to develop sustainable techn

being employed. Despite a wide range of posi

neral agreement that the current paradigm of li

or energy consumption, is unsustainable. In Fi

pproach is shown which has prevailed over the

in a linear process that begins with both rene

soil, mineral or biological resources.

Figure 12 - Unsustainable linear development

23

negative environmental

sustainability since the

man survival on earth.

d in a reasonable state of

STEM

ologies it is useful to look

ions and opinions on the

near development, which

igure 12, a model of the

last few centuries. In this

able and non-renewable


32/47

In this model (D.V.Roberts)12

, exp

industrial processes (Subsystem 1)

systems: theproduction and use of

the linear process; and resource

industry-specific products or servic

The linear process ends with the us

the industrial system across all seg

systems, which are at the core of m

nonhazardous waste, and increasing

The process is linear because inputs

Subsystem 5 and then are disposed,

aggravate the situation even more, t

and consumption of products and se

And for continued expansion of ene

unrelenting growth has created thre

Natural resource depleti

It is these challenges which must b

1.2 GREEN BUILDING

Green Building is the practice of in

buildings by minimizing their use

environment and on the limited re

operation, maintenance, and disman

development and sustainability are i

12WESPD Report

4.4

loitation and use of primary natural resources o

. The outputs of this system become the princ

energy (Subsystem 2), whose output is a critical

rocessing and manufacturing (Subsystem 3),

s that are transported and commercializedwithi

and consumption (Subsystem 5) of the products

ents of society. This process has two additional

ny problems facing the world today: increasing

levels of environmental impact.

enter at Subsystem 1 and move in one direction

going through the system only once with no cycl

his linear process is fueled by continuous increas

rvices, creating pressures for further exploitation

rgy production, resource processing, and manufa

serious problems:

on, Accumulation of waste, and Environment

addressed in achieving sustainability.

-Building industry solution to technol

creasing the efficiency while ensuring healthy i

of power, water, and materials, thus reducin

sources of the planet, through better site select

tling - the complete building life cycle .The relat

ntegral to green building.

24

curs to provide inputs for

ipal inputs for two other

input to all the systems in

whose output is a set of

Subsystem 4.

or services generated by

utputs from each of its

mounts of hazardous and

through the system to

ing of materials. To

s in the demand for, use,

of natural resources,

cturing capabilities. This

l degradation.

gy and efficiency

door environment for the

building impact on the

ion, design, construction,

d concepts of sustainable


33/47

Effective green building can lead t

1. Reduced operating costs by2. improved public and occup3. reduced environmental imp

Practitioners of green building oft

structure and its surrounding n

environmentally friendly in the fact

appearance and style of sustainabl

sustainable counterparts.

Sustainability or 'Green Architectu

country may be in excess for anoth

its context. India has suffered con

other countries, and using materi

pressures on its resources. Most of

through the sieve of what we refer

pursue with following principles:

Understanding sustainabilit Attempting to understand w Questioning the needs, ide

provisions to that level only

Ensuring that what is sustai Ensuring that sustainability Maximizing the use of trad

knowledge of the long-term

Assessing all new technolopriorities, before accepting

:

increasing productivity and using less energy an

nt health due to improved indoor air quality, and

act

n seek to achieve not only ecological but aest

atural and built environment. The sustain

that they are built out of materials that are good

e homes and buildings can be nearly indistin

re' can be interpreted in many different ways.

er, and vice versa. Its meanings and understandi

siderably during the past century by adopting

als not entirely appropriate for their own co

the Built Environment of the pre-independence

to as 'Green Architecture'. For the Indian conte

in the context of India & its regions;

hat constitutes 'Human Comfort' in buildings;

tifying their optimum levels in long term scena

;

nable today remains that way in decades to come

is not only in parts but also that way holistically;

itional wisdom in design, wherever applicable,

behavior of materials, their strengths as well as

gies for their long term impact in the context o

hem for use;

25

water,

hetic harmony between a

ble buildings are also

for the environment. The

guishable from their less

hat is desirable for one

ng will vary according to

irections appropriate for

ntext, creating enormous

era can, even today, pass

xt, we believe we should

rio, and taking the design

;

because it represents the

eaknesses;

India & its development


34/47

Being aware of the embodi Taking the decision making Taking the 'savings' bench Addressing all the above is

built environment;

Pursuing goals and not just

15 GREEN BUT NOT S

Green buildings seem to have be

available to suggest that green buil

green buildings rest on the fact t

consumption. It is huge number for

But 40 % is only a small part of 100

A typical office worker in a large

another hour for outdoor recreation

of 24 hours in a day, an office wor

studying population spend about 3

associated with only 40% of our en

the time but 60 % of energy consu

than the other places where human

crisis would be to make people spen

4.5

d energies of the materials, before we specify th

processes to measurable levels, in order to make

ark targets closer to the minimum standards of p

sues through the sieve of value engineering, for

the means.

USTAINABLE

come synonymous with sustainable design al

dings are no more sustainable than other build

hat the buildings are responsible for about 4

one single sector and obviously this is where a bi

% where much greater savings in energy consu

ity in India spends about an hour each way fo

l activities every day. The rest of the time is sp

ker spends about 21 hours in buildings. House

3 hours in buildings. Buildings that account f

rgy consumption while other non building activ

ption. Can one say, therefore, that buildings ar

being spends time? If this is true, a logical way

d more time indoors.

26

m;

our choices judiciously;

rovisions;

he specific context of the

hough there is evidence

ings. The case of making

% of the global energy

g difference can be made.

ption should be possible

commuting to work and

nt in a building, thus, out

ives and non working or

r 87.5% of our time are

ities account for 12.5% of

e more energy efficient

f dealing with the energy


35/47

The point is that the focus on energ

consume energy. It is human activi

buildings in the first place is part o

independent energy users. The part

the outdoor part of the same activity

Energy consumption Via transporta

and vegetables, processed food ), cl

not have any connection with the bu

be done so solve these problems?

alone. But buildings are a part of la

the system for bringing goods , ser

goods, transportation for people ,

Obviously these services require e

where the occupant needs to travel

the efficiency of overall system is e

human habitat is not by focusing on

Another solution is build less, or bu

important. The green building mo

built area. How many units of area t

This argument proves that buildi

sustainable lifestyle

Figure 14 - Relation between

Time Spe

Energy co

y consumption in buildings is a red herring. It i

ty. Energy consumed within the building and th

f the energy used for different types of human

of the activity that takes place within the build

consumes the more energy.

ion (air, road & sea), dietary habits ( non vege

othing ( leather, synthetic fabric ), entertainmen

ildings, than how can advancement in building t

Only small improvements in efficiency would

rger system and in order to function properly , b

ices and people to the buildings .supply of ene

disposal of waste etc. are all needed for buildi

nergy and material expanses. Making an efficie

long distance by personal motorized transport

xamined. The way to reduce energy expense an

energy intensity and efficiency of the buildings

ilt only as much required. For this the tool we u

ement (LEED, AIA) typically measures resou

he individual requires is never an issue.

ngs are not responsible for resource consump

as to deal with the overall context and not jus

Time spent

t

within building

Outsite Building

Figure 13 - Relation bet

27

sumption

Building related

activities

Outside Building

activities

s not buildings per se that

e energy used for making

ctivity. Buildings are not

ing uses energy and often

arian diet, imported fruits

and waste disposal, does

chnology help. What can

result from the building

uildings are dependent on

gy, water, food and other

ng to function properly .

nt building in wilderness

oesnt make sense when

resource consumption in

ut of human activity.

se to define efficiency are

rce efficiency per unit of

ion but people are .also

t buildings.

een Energy Consumption


36/47

WHAT D

The evolution of civilization is und

know that the disastrous conseque

conversation about sustainability t

technology, since buildings and tec

the present green building moveme

resource impacts arise from everyd

the notion that technology and effi

recognize the need to go further.

15 GREY TO GREEN

We are responsible for the choices

lifestyles - the choices we make eve

we buy, and how we get rid of that

to sustainable green lifestyle to lo

manner.

What, exactly, does green or susta

comes down to one fundamental co

replenished. From that concept co

other living things, our health, our

look at all the different kinds of res

oceans depths to the air that we b

actions that we take today can affec

CHAPTER-5

5.2

WE HAVE AS SOLUTION?

er way. The people of this planet are opening t

nces of our lifestyles are accelerating. The ti

the next level. In the last chapter, we have f

nology represent only half of the problem and h

nt doesn't go far enough. But we now recogniz

ay behavior and habits. Our lifestyles must evol

iency will solve the problem of environmental

we make. At least half of human impact on th

ry day. Where, and how, we travel. What we eat

tuff when we're done with it. We have to change

wer our impact on environment and go carbo

inable living mean? Different people use diffe

ncept: The Earths resources shouldnt be deplet

mes everything else, including caring for the e

local community, and communities around the

ources from fossil fuels to forests, agricultur

reathe its easy to see how everything is int

the future.

28

change. Most of us now

e has come to take the

ocused on green building

alf of the solution, clearly

e that half or more of all

e. We have long held by

degradation. But we now

e planet comes from our

. What we wear. The stuff

our present grey lifestyle

n neutral in an equitable

rent definitions, but it all

ed faster than they can be

nvironment, animals and

world. When we start to

l land to wildlife, and the

erconnected and how the


37/47

The concept of sustainable living a

month and neglect our bills as a re

path, we end up owing so much th

our monthly expenses (maybe even

happy. The planets no different.

replenished. The call of the bill c

bankruptcys down the road if som

and more expensive to bring out

provide energy for homes, vehicle

with pollutants and its people.

Sustainable lifestyle is a way of li

about not using our fair share of th

replace. It is about ensuring that bo

wild life included13

. It is based on f

Reduce consumption -you use from choosing goo

the summer helps you to

Choose carefully- Assetheir entire life cycles from

You not only protect the

process.

Opt for renewable resbased on fossil fuels) with

green action and it may

13WWF, One Planet Living

s being a lot like our family budget. If we spend

ult, the bill collectors start calling, and if we k

t we cant possibly pay it back. On the other ha

saving a little), we will able to live within our

Right now, its resources are being depleted fa

ollectors is getting louder all the time, with t

thing doesnt change. Fossil fuels such as oil ar

f the ground, and their reserves are dwindlin

, and industries emits carbon dioxide and othe

ing and working that is compatible with the pl

earth resources, or taking more than the planet

untiful wealth provided by nature can be enjoy

ollowing principles:

Anything that you do to decrease the amount of

ds with less packaging to turning down your ho

lead a more sustainable life.

ssing where certain products and services com

manufacture to disposal helps you to make the

nvironment but also protect the people invol

urces - Replacing your use of nonrenewable

renewable resources (such as solar or wind e

e easier than you think.

29

more than we make each

eep going down the same

nd, if we are careful with

means and keep everyone

r faster than they can be

he clear implication that

becoming more difficult

. Burning fossil fuels to

r greenhouse gases along

anets natural limits. It is

s ecosystem can naturally

d by every living thing

the Earths resources that

mes Ac a few degrees in

from by thinking about

greenest choices possible.

ed in the manufacturing

esources (such as energy

ergy) is a very powerful


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Repair when needed -been done to the environm

programs at home and arou

1.2 SUSTAINABLE BUI

MINIMIZING CONSUMPTION

Consumption of natural resources

energy and displacement of natural

human systems as well as the natur

and energy is essential to achieve

The following sections highlight se

life of built facilities.

Improving Technological Eff

consumption in creating the built e

processes. For materials, we need to

used. With respect to processes, te

energy required to generate the desi

Reuse, Rehabilitation, and R

strategy for making design and co

cost, material, and energy input w

techniques such as adaptive reuse,

meet new use criteria, at a much lo

5.3

here are plenty of ways that you can help to fix

nt, from supporting tree-planting projects to hel

d the world.

DING TECHNOLOGIES

is at the heart of sustainability. With its large

ecosystems, the built environment greatly influ

al ecosystems of which we are a part. Minimizi

ustainability in creating, operating, and decom

veral strategies for minimizing consumption of

iciency: Doing more with less - One

vironment is improving the technological effici

improve the efficiency with which they meet th

chnological efficiency means reducing the am

red outcome of the process.

etrofitting - Reusing buildings, materials an

nstruction more sustainable. By reusing what a

ich would be required to create new facilities

ehabilitation, or retrofitting, old facilities can be

er consumptive cost than building a new facility

30

the damage thats already

ping out with community

scale use of material and

nces the sustainability of

ng consumption of matter

issioning built facilities.

natural resources over the

strategy for minimizing

ency of our materials and

needs for which they are

unts of input matter and

d equipment is a second

lready exists we save the

from scratch. By using

modified or improved to

.


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Creating New Technologies -

by creating new technologies. C

technologies which do not rely on t

Photovoltaic panels, which generat

Instead of using finite reserves of

essentially infinite resource of sola

natural ecosystems: what sources

opportunities exist in the area of wa

Modifying Historical Technolo

meet the needs of people. Many of

were developed to replace them.

prove to be useful in and of themsel

Reshaping Human Desires -

change human desires and tastes.

greatly adaptable, other human wa

architectural trends in built facilitie

consumer demand and thus the co

consumptive patterns are education

ecosystems of which they are a part

SATISFYING HUMAN NEEDS AN

The quality of the facility as a man

needs and aspirations for such th

requirements.

any opportunities exist to increase the sustai

nsumption of matter and energy can be red

raditional types or amounts of materials and ene

e electricity from solar radiation, are one exam

coal or oil to make the electricity used by hu

r energy. Opportunities for new technologies c

f energy and matter are used by these system

ste recovery and reuse.

gies - Technologies have been used over the c

these technologies have been forgotten or aband

hile most of these technologies may appear t

ves, or to suggest ideas for new technologies.

more fundamental strategy for minimizing con

hile fundamental human needs such as food,

ts are often significantly responsive to externa

s from decade to decade are an example of ho

sumption of matter and energy. Other mechan

and awareness. If people are aware of the impa

they may make more enlightened choices.

ASPIRATIONS

-made environment for people is determined by

ings as security, non-toxicity, shelter, aesthet

31

ability of human activity

ced by developing new

rgy to meet human needs.

ple of such a technology.

mans, PV panels use the

n be found by observing

s? Particularly promising

ourse of human history to

oned as new technologies

o be obsolete, some may

sumption is to attempt to

helter, and water are not

l influences. The obvious

designers can influence

isms for changing human

ts of their choices on the

how well it meets human

ics, and other functional


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Improving Economic Viability.

building project. Indeed, a facility d

and of itself. Thus, increasing cost

facilities. Economic viability often

environmental impacts, since less

lower liability and remediation cost

Matching User Needs with F

human satisfaction criteria, the first

These needs shape the basic functio

be considered sustainable. Opportu

those needs as input to the design p

Creating a Healthy Built Envi

must be met by the facility, desig

healthy environment both inside an

healthy built environment, as well

the tasks and activities which occur

environment, sustainable design als

Consideration of the interfaces b

materials and processes are essent

cycle.

Empowering People to Meet t

environment is empowerment. By i

the final facility will be more likely

of the facility life cycle creates

environmental context, and a respec

In todays world, economic viability is an impo

esign which is sustainable but too expensive to c

ffectiveness of facilities is a critical strategy for

follows from achieving the objectives of mini

consumption means less cost, and reduced env

.

cility Design. In creating a facility which is

step must be to identify the needs of the people

nal requirements of the facility, and must be met

ities exist in the area of systematic human needs

ocess.

onment.In addition to the basic functional req

ners and constructors must also strive to inclu

outside the facility. Non-toxic materials are an

s design features which convey aesthetic or spi

within the facility. Besides the requirements for

requires

tween the built environment and the natural

ial technologies for achieving sustainability th

eir Own Needs. A final strategy for satisfyin

cluding users in decision making for the planni

to meet the needs of those users. Allowing user

awareness among the users of the interfaces

t for the flows of energy and material through th

32

tant consideration for any

onstruct has little value in

creating sustainable built

mizing cost and negative

ironmental impact means

sustainable based on the

who will use the facility.

in order for the facility to

assessment, and adapting

uirements of users which

e factors which create a

essential component of a

ritual values conducive to

creating a healthy indoor

environment. Non-toxic

roughout the facility life

human needs in the built

g and design of facilities,

participation at all phases

of the facility with its

built system over time.


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AVOIDING NEGATIVE ENVIRON

Built facilities impact the natural e

impacts which built facilities have o

Spatial displacement of nat Impacts resulting by human

human development of the

Depletion of matter and enthe facility

Generation of large amoudeposited in and must be ab

Given their large scale and long lif

the environment as a whole. The

improve the sustainability of built f

Recovering Waste: Reduce, R

building construction and operati

advocates anticipating and elimin

prefabrication processes, where car

into the manufacturing process or

recycling is also becoming increasin

Reusing Existing Developmen

making better use of sites and facili

similar or adaptive uses, as well

development, are examples of str

reusing existing sites and/or facilitie

Avoiding the need to start from scr

ENTAL IMPACTS

nvironment in many ways over their entire life

n the earths ecological systems and resources:

ral ecosystems, and modification of surrounding

use of the built environment, and the tendency f

urrounding ecosystems

rgy resources from natural ecosystems during t

ts of waste output over the whole life cycle

sorbed by natural ecosystems.

cycles, built facilities have particularly large a

following strategies are examples of approach

cilities by avoiding negative environmental imp

use, and Recycle.Various approaches exist t

on processes. Pollution prevention, for exam

ating pollution before it is produced. Mater

ful planning can eliminate waste or enable it to

to other complimentary processes. Constructi

gly popular, as disposal options become more ex

t.Another way of minimizing impacts on the

ies which have already been used. Rehabilitatio

as using retrofitted existing sites rather than

tegies which reduce negative impacts on the

s, we save costs and avoid negative impacts by

atch.

33

ycles. Four categories of

ecosystems

or that use to spur further

e construction and use of

of the facility, which is

nd long-lasting effects on

s which can be taken to

cts over their life cycle.

o help recover waste from

le, is a strategy which

ial recycling is used in

be directly recycled back

on and demolition waste

pensive.

atural environment is by

of existing structures for

Greenfield sites for new

natural environment. By


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Integrating the Built Environ

context of natural ecological syste

activity. The built environment c

bioregion by designing material an

assimilative capacities of that conte

be mutually beneficial to humans a

natural systems.

ent into Ecological Systems.Sustainabili

ms, since it is these systems which provide the

n be integrated into the natural environment

energy flows into and out of the built system

t. Integration of built systems into the surround

d nature, provided that humans do not exceed th

34

ity must occur within the

resources for all human

l context of its site and

o fit within the yield and

ing ecological context can

e assimilative capacity of


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44/47


45/47

CONCLU

The current state of our planet is

Environment like Global Warming,

contributing to an Environmental

human themselves .

It is not only the nature of hum

occurrence. The Global Population

billion by the end of this Century.

urgently require resources to fulfill

resource consumption to improve th

Population Growth and the raising

more waste and thus increase the i

address the problems ofEnviron

supporting development that is su

benefits of a healthy stable environ

But achieving Sustainable Develop

Solutions like Long Term Thinkin

consumption are viable because the

present without compromising to th

slow enough, in lieu of the rate of E

CHAPTER-6 ION

really very bad and the pressures imposed by

Pollution, Deforestation, Habitat Destruction a

Crisis, which is threatening the survival of ma

an activities that threatens the Environment,

is growing: currently at 6.2 billion, it is expect

Currently about two billion humans, without rel

their basic needs, while several billions more a

eir living standards.

of low Living Standards will require more reso

pact on the Natural Environment. The Principl

ental Degradation, Lack of Human Equality

stainable in economic and social terms and is

entin the long term.

ent in the present day scenario is very difficult,

g and Controlling the Growth of Population,

describe the idea of achieving a development t

e ability of future generations to meet their own

nvironmental Degradation.

35

human activities on the

d Resource Depletion are

ny species, including the

but also their increasing

d to stabilize at around 9

iable access to safe food,

re rapidly increasing their

urces, which will produce

s of Sustainability aim to

and Quality of Life, by

capable of retaining the

of all various strategies.

to minimize the rate of

hat meets the needs of the

needs. But this process is


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Improvement of Technology is the

name of development. With its ben

growth of nations h

Dissertation-can Only Buildings Bring About Sustainable Development-tanay Jaithalia

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