IEEE RFID 2015 Collect Connect Control http://www.iControl-Inc.com 1 Disrupting Global Logistics ISO’s New Supply Chain Standard Fred Tubb iControl Incorporated http://www.iControl-Inc.com Avoid train wrecks. Use Standards.
IEEE RFID 2015
Collect Connect Control
http://www.iControl-Inc.com
1
Disrupting Global Logistics
ISO’s New Supply Chain StandardFred Tubb
iControl Incorporatedhttp://www.iControl-Inc.com
Avoid train wrecks.
Use Standards.
IEEE RFID 2015
Disruptive Technologies
Collect Connect Control
http://www.iControl-Inc.com
What are Disruptive Technologies?
1) Emerging technology currently not deployed in the market
2) Will likely displace legacy processes or products
3) Creates a new market (often multiple markets)
Recent examples:
a) Personal computer vs typewriters,
b) Cell phones vs land lines,
c) Email vs Fax machines,
d) LED lighting vs incandescent bulbs.
e) Search Engines vs Public Library
IEEE as a standards body has been involved with 1000’s of
disruptive technologies.
IEEE RFID 2015
Collect Connect Control
http://www.iControl-Inc.com
Monetary StandardsGlobalization (1950’s Style)
Post WWII:- 1944 Bretton Woods ConferenceProduce financial standards designed to enhance world trade.Next 12 years implement:
- World Trade Organization (WTO)- International Trade Organization (ITO)- Harmonization and tariff reduction- IP Recognition and Protection
Barriers dropped, but global trade organizations failed to identify advances in technology to implement trade goals
Standards That Changed The World
IEEE RFID 2015
Collect Connect Control
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1950’s: DoD experimented with containerized freight 1960’s: Transporting goods remained highly inefficient
Shipping Industry:Cost driven goal to create a system standard
1968: ISO 1968-72 Created ISO Container Specification
- Quantization of cargo- Re-Usable Containers- Predictable end to end delivery- Security- Universal handling equipment
Today: Greater than 35M containers in circulation (WSC)
Mechanical StandardsBefore the Internet, Mechanical Engineer’s ruled
Standards That Changed The World
IEEE RFID 2015
Collect Connect Control
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Personal Computing andInternet ProtocolsGlobalization of Knowledge
- Global Communication:- Common Language- Frame of reference- Remote control- Location determination- Global purchasing- Research and Development
Internet of Things: (IoT)- Not just connecting people, devices
Standards That Changed The World
IEEE RFID 2015
Internet of Things (IoT).Telemetry, SCADA, Internet Appliances, RFID, M2M, IoT, IIoT
As a concept, IoT has been around > 20 years.
IoT is a Disruptive Technology:• Changes business processes
• Renders many data collection methods obsolete• More Data. All the Time. • Too much Data?
• Data reduction, processing, and analytics
Key Challenges:Technical: Interoperability, security, cost, processing, and power managementMarket Adoption: Business Processes, Effective ROI, enterprise utilization
Why Now:• Commodity prices for low cost, low power devices• Advances in battery and power scavenging• Wireless technologies and SOC• Protocol standards, security, and interoperability• Business acceptance and reduced of barriers to adoption
IEEE RFID 2015
ISO’s New Supply Chain StandardDisrupting Global Logistics
• ISO 18000-4 mode 3:– ISO Category 18000-4:
– Standard for RFID using 2.4GHz frequencies – Application: Shipping containers and other assets involved in global trade
– Mode 3 Driving Requirements:• Container Security and supply chain management
– Interested parties included DHS, WSC, WCO, and related ISO Committees
– ISO Working Group’s (SC31) Goal: • Enhance supply chain security and support emerging customs regulations• Produce a global wireless communication standard for shipping containers
and supply chain conveyance systems• Provide a dual use system (simultaneous commercial and Customs usage)• Encourage network deployment and cooperation
IEEE RFID 2015
ISO 18000-4 (mode 3)Functional Requirements:
Goal Implementation Comment
Globally Accepted License free 2.4GHz ISM band DSSS
Low Power <100 uwatt average 3-5 year battery life
Rapid Response < 1 second wake up “Drive by read from sleep”
Secure Support encryption Exportable 128 AES
Non proprietary Commodity IC’s $3-4 part costs in volume
Multi-channel Network Load Balance 16 Channels
Medium Throughput Good for sensorsNot used for video
250Kbps
“Quite” Tag Talk Last Reader initiated transmissions
Variable Range Control 10m - 3km typical usage Variable beacon intervals
Programmable Network Topologies
4 supported topologies Specialized Beacon payloadsNetwork Status Messages
IEEE RFID 2015
ISO 18000-4 (mode 3)
• Physical Layer: IEEE 802.15.4
– 2.4GHz DSSS (Globally accepted. License Free)
– 16 Channels
– >100M IC’s in production with multiple sources
– Radio function in <200 usec after wakeup
– Most 802.15.4 MAC layer functions retained
– Suitable data rate for most battery powered sensors
– Good multi-path rejection
– Moderate range
IEEE RFID 2015
11
ISO 18000-4 mode 3 Reader Performance and Network Tests
• Minimal infrastructure. Easy to deploy.– One reader connects tags to data center– Bi-direction read ranges ~2km
• Deployable at any location remote monitoring is required
– WAN (Ethernet, cellular, satellite) available for communications backhaul to server
800 m
1.4 km
400 m
Port of Los Angeles- APL Terminal
Port of Tokyo- NYK Terminal
IEEE RFID 2015
12
Tracking Tests (DHS and MLIT) Japan to US
Ship-board to US
Ocean Terminal, Departure
Japan MATTS tag installed
Inland Tracking to port
Rail Los Angeles - Chicago
Network Objectives:
• Transmit data securely
• Provide continuous global location and status visibility
• Leverage and adapt to existing and available communications networks
• Tracking capability is broadly applicable to assets
IEEE RFID 2015
Tracking and Security Tests: China to USCooperative Programs. Shanghai International Port Group (SIPG), US Ports, DHS, and Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI)
Program Objectives
• Integrate SIPG sponsored
ISO 18186 with 18000-4
• Provide continuous global
location and status for
DHS CSD’s
• Evaluate protocol
interoperability and
cooperation between PRC
and US
Ship-board China to US Panama Canal -> USChina Factory to SIPG Terminal
Savannah Port Reader
Factory: ISO 18186 Data Entry
IEEE RFID 2015
Collect Connect Control
http://www.iControl-Inc.com
ISO 18000-4 (mode 3) Network Discovery Beacons (NDB)
Two Methods of Network DiscoveryConnectionless:
“Drive by applications”Connected:
Sustained Network
Beacons Provide Content and Management- Use Defined Hailing Channels- Alternate Channels- Network Load Balancing- Connection Type- Location Information- Radio Waypoints- Beacon Interval- Reporting Interval- Security
IEEE RFID 2015
Collect Connect Control
http://www.iControl-Inc.com
ISO 18000-4 (mode 3) Network Status Messages (NSM)
NSM is a key feature for Interoperability and Cooperation• Devices may be configured on a per trip basis for
• Data “Ownership”• Destination server• Security• Operating modes
NSM Messages: Request Service Type and Network Routing- Server to Server Connection parameters- Device Authentication- Network Topology
IEEE RFID 2015
Application Stories
• ISO Container Tracking and Security- Commercial Automotive Importers
- Expedited Customs Clearance
• Environmental Monitoring- US DoD Environmental Monitoring and Equipment Readiness
IEEE RFID 2015
Secure Transit CorridorsDHS Electronic Chain of Custody
• Large scale Customs program for truck and rail border crossings – CBP to test use for monitoring security devices to track and monitor conveyances as they enter the US – Bonded cargo
• Canada – US – Mexico • Import – US inland
• 1000’s of shipments performed during FY13– Plans: CBP integrates program into C-TPAT
IEEE RFID 2015
DOD Applications for ISO 18000-4
• Building Environmental Monitoring and Control
– Cocoon Inc.: • Mobile warehouses for strategic DOD assets
– Integrated wireless sensor network• LAN and Satellite WAN• Alarm, monitoring, and LBS
• Container Tracking and Management
– Leased and DOD ISO Container security– Location determination – Contents and condition
• Yard Part Monitoring– Tracking and RTLS– Internal Monitoring
• Temperature, RH• Pressure, light, and motion
IEEE RFID 2015
Wireless Sensor NetworksIoT Applications
Internet
Readers
Sensing
DevicesSoftware
Wireless
2.4GHz
Ethernet,
Cellular or,
Satellite Secure Internet
Access
Collect Connect Control
http://www.iControl-Inc.com 204/16/2015