Disorders. Schizophrenia A disorder that deals with cognition and emotion, perception, and motor functions. People are confused and have disordered thoughts.

Disorders

Schizophrenia

•A disorder that deals with cognition and emotion, perception, and motor functions.

•People are confused and have disordered thoughts and perceptions.

•They loose touch with reality, “lives life as an unreal dream.”

Schizophrenia cont.

•Many individuals have:▫Delusions: false beliefs maintained in the

face of contrary evidence▫Hallucinations: perceptions that have no

direct external cause▫Disturbance of affect: the emotion may be

inappropriate▫Language may be sped up, so it just seems

like a “word salad”

Developmental Disorders

•Disorders that have an early onset. They can be diagnosed as early as infancy.

•Disorders include Learning Disabilities, ADHD, Autism, and so on.

Autism• qualitative impairment in social interaction, as manifested by at least two of the

following:▫ marked impairment in the use of multiple nonverbal behaviors such as eye-to-eye

gaze, facial expression, body postures, and gestures to regulate social interaction▫ failure to develop peer relationships appropriate to developmental level▫ a lack of spontaneous seeking to share enjoyment, interests, or achievements with

other people (e.g., by a lack of showing, bringing, or pointing out objects of interest)

▫ lack of social or emotional reciprocity• qualitative impairments in communication as manifested by at least one of the

following:▫ delay in, or total lack of, the development of spoken language (not accompanied by

an attempt to compensate through alternative modes of communication such as gesture or mime)

▫ in individuals with adequate speech, marked impairment in the ability to initiate or sustain a conversation with others

▫ stereotyped and repetitive use of language or idiosyncratic language▫ lack of varied, spontaneous make-believe play or social imitative play appropriate

to developmental level

Autism cont.• restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior,

interests, and activities, as manifested by at least one of the following:▫ encompassing preoccupation with one or more stereotyped and

restricted patterns of interest that is abnormal either in intensity or focus

▫ apparently inflexible adherence to specific, nonfunctional routines or rituals

▫ stereotyped and repetitive motor mannerisms (e.g., hand or finger flapping or twisting, or complex whole-body movements)

▫ persistent preoccupation with parts of objects• Delays or abnormal functioning in at least one of the following

areas, with onset prior to age 3 years: (1) social interaction, (2) language as used in social communication, or (3) symbolic or imaginative play.

Asperger’s Syndrome• Is a Autism Spectrum Disorder• Impairment in communications skills•Restrictive patterns of thought and behavior•Do not withdraw from the world like Autism•Obsession with a single topic•There has been a link with developing

depression, ADHD, OCD, or Schizophrenia•Have trouble building and maintaining

relationships

ADD: Attention Deficit Disorder

• Often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork, work, or other activities

• Often has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities• Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly• Often does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish

schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace (not due to oppositional behavior or failure to understand instructions)

• Often has difficulty organizing tasks and activities• Often avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to engage in tasks that

require sustained mental effort (such as schoolwork or homework)

• Often loses things necessary for tasks or activities (e.g., toys, school assignments, pencils, books, or tools)

• Is often easily distracted by extraneous stimuli• Is often forgetful in daily activities

ADHD: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(similar to ADD)The following are symptoms of Hyperactivity• Often fidgets with hands or feet or squirms in seat• Often leaves seat in classroom or in other situations

in which remaining seated is expected• Often runs about or climbs excessively in situations in

which it is inappropriate (in adolescents or adults, may be limited to subjective feelings of restlessness)

• Often has difficulty playing or engaging in leisure activities quietly

• Is often “on the go” or often acts as if “driven by a motor”

• Often talks excessively

Intellectual Disability

•Formally known as Mental Retardation•Severe cognitive impairment, that results

in an IQ of less then 70.•Severe adaptive behavior problems in

social judgment and social understanding

Mood Disorders

•Occasional Depression is common, but if moods are intense and have a longer duration, it falls under a mood disorder.

•Major Depressive Disorder: Spend at least 2 weeks feeling depressed, sad, anxious, fatigues, and agitated.

•Symptoms include: eating too much or too little, sleeping too much or too little, difficulty thinking and concentrating

•Not related to a death.

Bipolar Disorder

•Manic-Depression•Mania is usually “Dig-Fast”

▫Distractibility, Indiscretion, Grandiosity, Flight of Ideas, Activity increase, Sleep deficit, Talkativeness

▫http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KtHXzDqXy3w

Seasonal Affective Disorder

•Depression that occurs during the winter months.

•Research has claimed it is due to melatonin level being too high.

Suicide and Depression

•Read pages479-480 and answer the questions based on the graph on page 480.

Personality Disorders

•Personality is defined as “the unique psychological qualities of an individual that influences a variety of characteristic behavior patterns (both overt and covert) across different situations and over time.”

•Our attitudes, thoughts, and feelings are all part of our personality.

Personality Disorders Cont.

•Unable to establish meaningful relationships, assume social responsibilities or adapt to their social environment.

Diagnosing

•Four core features that characterize personality disorders:▫Extreme and distorted thinking patterns▫Problematic emotional response patterns▫Impulse control problems▫Significant interpersonal problems

Antisocial

•Feels no remorse•Often very charming•Violates others’ rights

Avoidant

•Highly self-conscious•Extremely sensitive to criticism•Stays away from social gatherings

Borderline

•Extremely impulsive•Unstable personal relationships•Wavering image of self

Dependent

•Submissive•Relies almost solely on others for care-

taking

Histrionic

•Excessive emotional displays•Highly attention-seeking

Narcissistic

•Exaggerated sense of self-importance•Lack of empathy•Need fir admieration