Miguel D. Rafael BSHRM 3 rd yr chapter 8 1.) Observe a primary and secondary group in the campus and document the manner of interactions of the individuals within. Take note of the behaviors and actions that connote each of the elements of primary and secondary groups. The HRM basketball team are considered as primary group. Some elements of primary groups that I observed are: -they tend to be small and are ordinarily composed of fewer than 15 to 20 individuals; -interaction and communication among members in the basketball team tend to be of an intimate and personal nature; -members commonly develop strong emotion bonds with other members; and -they generally persist over extensive periods of time. Gamers in DOTA are considered as secondary group. These, unlike primary groups, members do not share intimate, personal relationships. Sometimes members of said secondary groups do not even know each other, or have not even met each other or experienced close face-to-face interactions 2.) Choose an office in the university organization and analyze when, where and how the dysfunctionalities of bureaucracy are exhibited in this office. Make recommendations to reduce if not eliminate these dysfunctionalities. The Unified Bartenders Association (TUBA) I noticed that they are having a hard time performing their division of labor. Written rules and regulations sets limits or bounderies to them. Impersonality is one of the issues
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Miguel D. Rafael BSHRM 3rd yr
chapter 8 1.) Observe a primary and secondary group in the campus and document the manner of interactions of the individuals within. Take note of the behaviors and actions that connote each of the elements of primary and secondary groups. The HRM basketball team are considered as primary group.Some elements of primary groups that I observed are: -they tend to be small and are ordinarily composed of fewer than 15 to 20 individuals;-interaction and communication among members in the basketball team tend to be of an intimate and personal nature;-members commonly develop strong emotion bonds with other members; and-they generally persist over extensive periods of time. Gamers in DOTA are considered as secondary group.These, unlike primary groups, members do not share intimate, personal relationships.Sometimes members of said secondary groups do not even know each other, or have not even met each other or experienced close face-to-face interactions 2.) Choose an office in the university organization and analyze when, where and how the dysfunctionalities of bureaucracy are exhibited in this office. Make recommendations to reduce if not eliminate these dysfunctionalities. The Unified Bartenders Association (TUBA)I noticed that they are having a hard time performing their division of labor. Written rules and regulations sets limits or bounderies to them. Impersonality is one of the issues that should not be ignored, they perform their functions without regard to personal consideration of people as individuals but sometimes it cant be helped. I strongly recomend that they must try not to exhibit the dysfunctionalities of bureaucracy in order to function properly as a group and as an organization. chapter 9 1.) Watch the movie "Titanic". Observe and study the passengers' behavior during the incident of the sinking of the cruise ship and discuss their behavior using your knowledge about panic and mass hysteria. According to Tischler, quoting Janis and his colleagues, people do not panic unless four conditions are met.First, people must feel that they are trapped in a life-threatening situation. Second, they must perceive a threat to their safety that is so large that they do little else but try to escape. Third, they must realize that their escape routes are limited or inaccessible. and last. ther must be breakdown of communication between the front and rear of the crowd.
As I observed from the film "Titanic", the crowd begins to panic at the moment they realize that their life is in danger beacause the ship suddenly became unstable. The crowd began to panic and done everything to escape from the ship. Mass Hysteria occurs when large numbers of people are overwhelmed with emotion and frenzied activity or become convinced that ther experienced something that ivestigators can fin no discernible evidence. 2.) Read thoroughly about EDSA 2 Revolution. Collect as many information as possible about event. Collect news clippings related to the event and use these to discuss the development of EDSA 2 with the help of the Value-Added Theory of Neil Smelser. Be sure to identify the events corresponding to the conditions of the value-added theory. Value-Added Theory is developed by Neil Smelser. Value Added Theory attempts to explain whether collective behavior will occur and what direction it will take Smelser explains that collectivities emerge as a product of the combination of six conditions. These are structural conduciveness, structural strain, growth and spread of generalized belief, precipitating factor, mobilization for action and mechanism of social control. October 16, 2000Governor Chavit Singson of Ilocus Sur, a presidential friend and known protector of illegal numbers game called jueteng, accuses the president of the republic of the Philippines, Joseph Estrada, as the "lord of all jueteng lords" for receiving 5 million pesos protection money from jueteng every month during his term of presidency. He also accuses the president of receiving kickbacks from 170 million pesos excise tobacco tax.October 17, 2000Clamor for Erap's resignation starts. Political and economic crisis worsens.November 13, 2000The House of Representatives files an impeachment case against the president on the grounds of bribery, graft and corruption, betrayal of public trust, and culpable violation of the Constitution.
November 14, 2000National Day of Protest, lead by Manila Archbishop Jaime Cardinal Sin, is conducted and calls for the president to resign for loss of moral ascendancy and incompetence in handling the country during the economic crisis, December 7, 2000 The Impeachment Trial starts. The Chief Justice of the Philippines, Hilario Davide Jr., is the presiding officer and the 22 members of the Senate are the judges. A verdict of conviction from 15 senators is needed to remove the president from office.December 22, 2000During the impeachment trial, a bank executive testifies that Estrada has a hidden bank account in the Equitable-PCI Bank containing 500 million pesos (an amount not stated in Estrada's Statement of Assets and Liabilities) using a different name, which is "Jose Velarde." The defense objects to the testimony on the grounds of irrelevancy and immateriality because the said allegation is not included in the Articles of Impeachment. The presiding officer overrules the objection, however, he insists that the testimony will be accepted as evidence only after the prosecution proves that the 500 million pesos contained in that bank account is indeed ill-gotten money.January 4, 2001
Two days after the trial resumed from a week-long Christmas break, former Finance Department Secretary and colleague of the president, Edgardo Espiritu, testifies that the accusations alleged in the Articles of Impeachment with regards to the president's betrayal of public trust, are undeniably true.January 16, 2001A new set of evidence inside a BROWN ENVELOPE is voluntarily given by a bank for the impeachment trial. The new set of evidence is said to prove that the 500 million pesos on a hidden bank account is ill-gotten and belongs to Estrada. It is also said to prove that the president owns more hidden bank accounts, all under different names. The prosecutors are told that the amount contained in the various hidden bank accounts totals to 3.3 billion pesos. Unfortunately, majority of the senators/judges (11 out of 21) votes to bar the opening of the mysterious BROWN ENVELOPE on the grounds of immateriality (not being included in the Articles of Impeachment). Prosecutors interpret the decision as a suppression of truth and an early sign of an acquittal verdict for the president. They walk-out of the courtroom. Anti-Estrada spectators in the courtroom walk-out too. The senator-judges who voted to withold the opening of the brown envelope:Nikki Coseteng, Juan Ponce Enrile, Gregorio Honasan, Robert Jaworski, Ramon Revilla Sr., Blas Ople, Tessie Aquino-Oreta, John Osmena, Miriam Defensor-Santiago, Vicente Sotto, Francisco Tatad The senator-judges who voted to open the brown envelope:Rene Cayetano, Franklin Drilon, Juan Flavier, Teofisto Guingona Jr., Loren Legarda, Ramon Magsaysay Jr., Sergio Osmena, Aquilino Pimentel, Raul Roco, Rodolfo Biazon. Senator Robert Barbers is not present during the entire impeachment trial due to his confinement in a US hospital. 11:00 PM Militant groups, the civil society, left-wing groups, and a large anti-Estrada crowd unites in protest against the decision of the 11 senator-judges to bar the evidence. They gather in the EDSA Shrine, located on the intersection of Ortigas Avenue and Epifanio de los Santos Advenue (EDSA) in Quezon City. Jaime Cardinal Sin, a prominent figure during the widely popular1986 EDSA People Power, once again, calls on Filipinos to proceed to EDSA and stay there until, using his own words, "good has conquered evil". EDSA People Power II is formally launched. Other key figures in the 1986 EDSA People Power join the growing crowd in EDSA, like former presidents Corazon Aquino and Fidel Ramos.January 17, 2001 EDSA People Power II: DAY ONEThe impeachment trial is adjourned because of the prosecutors' resignation. Date of the trial's resumption is left undecided.A crowd numbering to 100,000 is already in EDSA.January 18, 2001 EDSA People Power II: DAY TWOThe number of people in EDSA triples. They form a "Human Chain" from EDSA Shrine in Ortigas Avenue to Ayala Avenue in Makati City. This is to show Estrada that hundreds of thousands of people are already demanding his resignation. More and more prominent personalities and even friends and former colleagues in the entertainment business of the president are already calling for him to step down from office. Talks about the military's and police's withdrawal of support to the president spread. January 19, 2001 EDSA People Power II: DAY THREENews about withdrawals of support to the president of the military and police is confirmed as high ranking military and police officials join the crowd protesting in EDSA. The military's and police's withdrawals of their support are key factors in making a president incapable of performing his duties. More than half of the president's cabinet members and a number of top government officials withdraw their support too and join the rally in EDSA.. All of these withdrawals of support give a big boost to the anti-Estrada crowd gathered in EDSA.
Number of people rallying in EDSA, is believed to have already reached nearly two million. And yours truly is proud to be one of them!5:00 PM Estrada, for the first time in the last four days, is on television. Estrada addresses the entire nation and insists that he will not resign and would like the impeachment trial to go on. He adds that he already instructed his lawyers to allow the opening of the mysterious BROWN ENVELOPE. He stresses-out that only a conviction verdict from the impeachment trial would force him out of office. However, the people, with absolutely no hesitations, rejects Estrada's proposal. 6:15 PM Estrada is again on television addressing the nation, not his resignation, but a proposal to include a presidential snap election in the upcoming May congressional and local elections. In addition, he promises not to run in this special election. As expected, the nearly two million EDSA crowd, junk the proposal and instead give the president a 6:00 AM deadline to leave office. If he insists on staying, the crowd will march to Malacanang, and force him out.January 20, 2001 EDSA People Power II: DAY FOURAmidst negotiations for a peaceful transition of power, the 6:00 AM deadline is not met. About one-third of the people in EDSA, march to Malacanang and occupies Mendiola, a street near Malacanang, where a measly group of an estimated 500 Estrada supporters were gathered but forced to retreat. Despite the president's resistance to resign, the Supreme Court makes a unanimous decision to file a resolution declaring the position of president vacant therefore allowing the constitutionally-mandated successor, the vice-president, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, to take over. At exactly 12:00 noon, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo takes her oath of office in the presence of the countless people in EDSA and becomes the 14th president of the Republic of the Philippines. Afterwards, she gives a 14-minute inauguration speech. The joyfulness of the crowd is indescribable. 2:00 PM Ousted president Estrada sends a letter to the media stating his doubts on the constitutionality of Gloria Arroyo's proclamation as president. However, he also states in the said letter that he doesn't wish to be a negative factor in the 'healing process' of the country, so he already stepped down from office. Once again, the Filipinos have shown to the entire world their sense of unity for peaceful & non-violent protests! The sipirt of EDSA lives on! Weeks after EDSA 2, Estrada insisted that he never really resigned and therefore is still the president of the republic. He added that Gloria Arroyo is merely an acting president. Estrada insisted on these in order to gain immunity from the plunder and other criminal charges filed against him. The law states that the president of the Philippines and other high ranking public officials have immunity from criminal charges filed against them until their term expires. However, the Justices of the Supreme Court, basing from the actions of the former president during his last hours in Malacanang, unanimously agreed that he undoubtedly resigned from office and because of this, he is no longer the president and no longer enjoys immunity from criminal charges filed against him. Estrada appealed the supreme court's decision, but the appeal was unanimously denied. During the last week of April 2001, Estrada was arrested for plunder charges. The supporters of Estrada protested the arrest by staging what they called "EDSA 3." It lasted for nearly four days. It was reported that most of these people were "paid" to go to EDSA by public officials who are close allies with the former president. They demanded Estrada's return to power even though there is absolutely no constitutional way he can return to office. Prominent allies of Estrada in politics persuaded the protestors to march towards Malacanang. However, they abandoned these rowdy rallyists afterwards. At early morning of May 1, pro-Estrada rallyists marched to Malacanang and attempted to enter the residential palace. Military men have already barricaded it, and using maximum tolerance, made the unruly pro-Estrada crowd retreat. The supporters of Estrada created a riot by throwing rocks, burning cars, destroying police stations, hurting policemen and
even news reporters. They failed in their endeavor to bring Estrada back to power. They, along with other prominent Estrada allies who persuaded them to march to Malacanang were accused of “rebellion”. By the unquestionably rude and violent actions perpetrated by these Estrada supporters, this gathering cannot be truly called EDSA 3 because rallies in EDSA are always characterized by peaceful, non-violent protests.
Cultural Anthropology
1.) Explain the main difference between individual decision making process vs. organization decision making process. Individual making process influenes people around them.Making decisions are made by involving everyone else in the community 2.) Explain the concept of demorcracy. Choose any government organization and explain how democracy is implemented in that department. Engraved in the facade of the Cebu provincial capitol building are the words that state that: Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them. This quotation is the essence of a democratic state government. That being the case, the full ambit of such a principle is stated in the Constitution of the United States that when a government becomes inimical to the interests of the people, it is the right of the people to change or abolish that government (or words to that effect). Revolutions are therefore a recognized radical mode of changing even a democratically elected government. There is a caveat that those who engage in revolutions or coups supported by the people better make sure that their extraordinary exercise of that inherent right succeeds in the toppling over of the government. In which case the people who led the revolution become the heroes, and those who were ousted end up as the losers. In ancient times, the losers even lost their heads as in the French revolution which ended with the execution of King Louis XVI and his Queen Marie Antoinette. In that revolution, the original leaders also lost theirs via the guillotine when they started fighting each other ie. from my unrealiable memory some of them were Danton, Marat, and Robes Pierre. The saying Liberty, how many crimes have been committed in thy name! originated from that revolution. To stop the chaos and instability, the revolutionary council appointed a Corsican officer of the army who forthwith installed artillery in the street corners of Paris. He instructed the soldiers to fire at any rioters. That action restored stability. The officers name, was Napoleon Bonaparte. The French revolutions aim was to establish a government of liberty, fraternity, and equality as opposed to the absolute powers of the King. 3.) Explain how a crowd becomes a mob which turns into a riot. An acting crowd turning violent is called a mob. Due to intense emotion of the crowd, the mob tends to dissipate quickly.Riot is a crowd without any particular purpose, a social eruption that is highly emotional, violent, and undirected. Crowd through distinguished from one another depending on type or kind can shift from one type to another.
Spectators in an UAAP game might start as an expressive crowd, but as the games progresses and their emotions are fed by each others' promptings, this type might evolve into an acting crowd espacially when thery perceive that the games authorities are favoring one team against the other. 4.) Site an example that will demonstrate either possitive or negative effects of media in culture. Philippine police have stormed a hijacked bus and shot dead a former police officer who had taken a group of Hong Kong tourists hostage. This demonstrate a negative effect on the Philippine culture.The relationship between the chinese and the filipinos is greatly affected by this incident.
Lawrence T. SantosBSHRM 3rd year sec.1
chapter 8 1.) Observe a primary and secondary group in the campus and document the manner of interactions of the individuals within. Take note of the behaviors and actions that connote each of the elements of primary and secondary groups. The HRM basketball team are considered as primary group.Some elements of primary groups that I observed are: -they tend to be small and are ordinarily composed of fewer than 15 to 20 individuals;-interaction and communication among members in the basketball team tend to be of an intimate and personal nature;-members commonly develop strong emotion bonds with other members; and-they generally persist over extensive periods of time.
Gamers in DOTA are considered as secondary group.These, unlike primary groups, members do not share intimate, personal relationships.Sometimes members of said secondary groups do not even know each other, or have not even met each other or experienced close face-to-face interactions 2.) Choose an office in the university organization and analyze when, where and how the dysfunctionalities of bureaucracy are exhibited in this office. Make recommendations to reduce if not eliminate these dysfunctionalities. The Unified Bartenders Association (TUBA)I noticed that they are having a hard time performing their division of labor. Written rules and regulations sets limits or bounderies to them. Impersonality is one of the issues that should not be ignored, they perform their functions without regard to personal consideration of people as individuals but sometimes it cant be helped. I strongly recomend that they must try not to exhibit the dysfunctionalities of bureaucracy in order to function properly as a group and as an organization. chapter 9 1.) Watch the movie "Titanic". Observe and study the passengers' behavior during the incident of the sinking of the cruise ship and discuss their behavior using your knowledge about panic and mass hysteria. According to Tischler, quoting Janis and his colleagues, people do not panic unless four conditions are met.First, people must feel that they are trapped in a life-threatening situation. Second, they must perceive a threat to their safety that is so large that they do little else but try to escape. Third, they must realize that their escape routes are limited or inaccessible. and last. ther must be breakdown of communication between the front and rear of the crowd. As I observed from the film "Titanic", the crowd begins to panic at the moment they realize that their life is in danger beacause the ship suddenly became unstable. The crowd began to panic and done everything to escape from the ship. Mass Hysteria occurs when large numbers of people are overwhelmed with emotion and frenzied activity or become convinced that ther experienced something that ivestigators can fin no discernible evidence. 2.) Read thoroughly about EDSA 2 Revolution. Collect as many information as possible about event. Collect news clippings related to the event and use these to discuss the development of EDSA 2 with the help of the Value-Added Theory of Neil Smelser. Be sure to identify the events corresponding to the conditions of the value-added theory.
Value-Added Theory is developed by Neil Smelser. Value Added Theory attempts to explain whether collective behavior will occur and what direction it will take Smelser explains that collectivities emerge as a product of the combination of six conditions. These are structural conduciveness, structural strain, growth and spread of generalized belief, precipitating factor, mobilization for action and mechanism of social control. October 16, 2000Governor Chavit Singson of Ilocus Sur, a presidential friend and known protector of illegal numbers game called jueteng, accuses the president of the republic of the Philippines, Joseph Estrada, as the "lord of all jueteng lords" for receiving 5 million pesos protection money from jueteng every month during his term of presidency. He also accuses the president of receiving kickbacks from 170 million pesos excise tobacco tax.October 17, 2000Clamor for Erap's resignation starts. Political and economic crisis worsens.November 13, 2000The House of Representatives files an impeachment case against the president on the grounds of bribery, graft and corruption, betrayal of public trust, and culpable violation of the Constitution.
November 14, 2000National Day of Protest, lead by Manila Archbishop Jaime Cardinal Sin, is conducted and calls for the president to resign for loss of moral ascendancy and incompetence in handling the country during the economic crisis, December 7, 2000 The Impeachment Trial starts. The Chief Justice of the Philippines, Hilario Davide Jr., is the presiding officer and the 22 members of the Senate are the judges. A verdict of conviction from 15 senators is needed to remove the president from office.December 22, 2000During the impeachment trial, a bank executive testifies that Estrada has a hidden bank account in the Equitable-PCI Bank containing 500 million pesos (an amount not stated in Estrada's Statement of Assets and Liabilities) using a different name, which is "Jose Velarde." The defense objects to the testimony on the grounds of irrelevancy and immateriality because the said allegation is not included in the Articles of Impeachment. The presiding officer overrules the objection, however, he insists that the testimony will be accepted as evidence only after the prosecution proves that the 500 million pesos contained in that bank account is indeed ill-gotten money.January 4, 2001Two days after the trial resumed from a week-long Christmas break, former Finance Department Secretary and colleague of the president, Edgardo Espiritu, testifies that the accusations alleged in the Articles of Impeachment with regards to the president's betrayal of public trust, are undeniably true.January 16, 2001A new set of evidence inside a BROWN ENVELOPE is voluntarily given by a bank for the impeachment trial. The new set of evidence is said to prove that the 500 million pesos on a hidden bank account is ill-gotten and belongs to Estrada. It is also said to
prove that the president owns more hidden bank accounts, all under different names. The prosecutors are told that the amount contained in the various hidden bank accounts totals to 3.3 billion pesos. Unfortunately, majority of the senators/judges (11 out of 21) votes to bar the opening of the mysterious BROWN ENVELOPE on the grounds of immateriality (not being included in the Articles of Impeachment). Prosecutors interpret the decision as a suppression of truth and an early sign of an acquittal verdict for the president. They walk-out of the courtroom. Anti-Estrada spectators in the courtroom walk-out too. The senator-judges who voted to withold the opening of the brown envelope:Nikki Coseteng, Juan Ponce Enrile, Gregorio Honasan, Robert Jaworski, Ramon Revilla Sr., Blas Ople, Tessie Aquino-Oreta, John Osmena, Miriam Defensor-Santiago, Vicente Sotto, Francisco Tatad The senator-judges who voted to open the brown envelope:Rene Cayetano, Franklin Drilon, Juan Flavier, Teofisto Guingona Jr., Loren Legarda, Ramon Magsaysay Jr., Sergio Osmena, Aquilino Pimentel, Raul Roco, Rodolfo Biazon. Senator Robert Barbers is not present during the entire impeachment trial due to his confinement in a US hospital. 11:00 PM Militant groups, the civil society, left-wing groups, and a large anti-Estrada crowd unites in protest against the decision of the 11 senator-judges to bar the evidence. They gather in the EDSA Shrine, located on the intersection of Ortigas Avenue and Epifanio de los Santos Advenue (EDSA) in Quezon City. Jaime Cardinal Sin, a prominent figure during the widely popular1986 EDSA People Power, once again, calls on Filipinos to proceed to EDSA and stay there until, using his own words, "good has conquered evil". EDSA People Power II is formally launched. Other key figures in the 1986 EDSA People Power join the growing crowd in EDSA, like former presidents Corazon Aquino and Fidel Ramos.January 17, 2001 EDSA People Power II: DAY ONEThe impeachment trial is adjourned because of the prosecutors' resignation. Date of the trial's resumption is left undecided.A crowd numbering to 100,000 is already in EDSA.January 18, 2001 EDSA People Power II: DAY TWOThe number of people in EDSA triples. They form a "Human Chain" from EDSA Shrine in Ortigas Avenue to Ayala Avenue in Makati City. This is to show Estrada that hundreds of thousands of people are already demanding his resignation. More and more prominent personalities and even friends and former colleagues in the entertainment business of the president are already calling for him to step down from office. Talks about the military's and police's withdrawal of support to the president spread. January 19, 2001 EDSA People Power II: DAY THREENews about withdrawals of support to the president of the military and police is confirmed as high ranking military and police officials join the crowd protesting in EDSA. The military's and police's withdrawals of their support are key factors in making a president incapable of performing his duties. More than half of the president's cabinet members and a number of top government officials withdraw their support too and join the rally in EDSA.. All of these withdrawals of support give a big boost to the anti-Estrada crowd gathered in EDSA.
Number of people rallying in EDSA, is believed to have already reached nearly two million. And yours truly is proud to be one of them!5:00 PM Estrada, for the first time in the last four days, is on television. Estrada addresses the entire nation and insists that he will not resign and would like the impeachment trial to go on. He adds that he already instructed his lawyers to allow the opening of the mysterious BROWN ENVELOPE. He stresses-out that only a conviction verdict from the impeachment trial would force him out of office. However, the people, with absolutely no hesitations, rejects Estrada's proposal. 6:15 PM Estrada is again on television addressing the nation, not his resignation, but a proposal to include a presidential snap election in the upcoming May congressional and local elections. In addition, he promises not to run in this special election. As expected, the nearly two million EDSA crowd, junk the proposal and instead give the president a 6:00 AM deadline to leave office. If he insists on staying, the crowd will march to Malacanang, and force him out.January 20, 2001 EDSA People Power II: DAY FOURAmidst negotiations for a peaceful transition of power, the 6:00 AM deadline is not met. About one-third of the people in EDSA, march to Malacanang and occupies Mendiola, a street near Malacanang, where a measly group of an estimated 500 Estrada supporters were gathered but forced to retreat. Despite the president's resistance to resign, the Supreme Court makes a unanimous decision to file a resolution declaring the position of president vacant therefore allowing the constitutionally-mandated successor, the vice-president, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, to take over. At exactly 12:00 noon, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo takes her oath of office in the presence of the countless people in EDSA and becomes the 14th president of the Republic of the Philippines. Afterwards, she gives a 14-minute inauguration speech. The joyfulness of the crowd is indescribable. 2:00 PM Ousted president Estrada sends a letter to the media stating his doubts on the constitutionality of Gloria Arroyo's proclamation as president. However, he also states in the said letter that he doesn't wish to be a negative factor in the 'healing process' of the country, so he already stepped down from office. Once again, the Filipinos have shown to the entire world their sense of unity for peaceful & non-violent protests! The sipirt of EDSA lives on! Weeks after EDSA 2, Estrada insisted that he never really resigned and therefore is still the president of the republic. He added that Gloria Arroyo is merely an acting president. Estrada insisted on these in order to gain immunity from the plunder and other criminal charges filed against him. The law states that the president of the Philippines and other high ranking public officials have immunity from criminal charges filed against them until their term expires. However, the Justices of the Supreme Court, basing from the actions of the former president during his last hours in Malacanang, unanimously agreed that he undoubtedly resigned from office and because of this, he is no longer the president and no longer enjoys immunity from criminal charges filed against him. Estrada appealed the supreme court's decision, but the appeal was unanimously denied. During the last week of April 2001, Estrada was arrested for plunder charges. The supporters of Estrada protested the arrest by staging what they called "EDSA 3." It lasted for nearly four days. It was reported that most of these people were "paid" to go to
EDSA by public officials who are close allies with the former president. They demanded Estrada's return to power even though there is absolutely no constitutional way he can return to office. Prominent allies of Estrada in politics persuaded the protestors to march towards Malacanang. However, they abandoned these rowdy rallyists afterwards. At early morning of May 1, pro-Estrada rallyists marched to Malacanang and attempted to enter the residential palace. Military men have already barricaded it, and using maximum tolerance, made the unruly pro-Estrada crowd retreat. The supporters of Estrada created a riot by throwing rocks, burning cars, destroying police stations, hurting policemen and even news reporters. They failed in their endeavor to bring Estrada back to power. They, along with other prominent Estrada allies who persuaded them to march to Malacanang were accused of “rebellion”. By the unquestionably rude and violent actions perpetrated by these Estrada supporters, this gathering cannot be truly called EDSA 3 because rallies in EDSA are always characterized by peaceful, non-violent protests. 1.) Explain the main difference between individual decision making process vs. organization decision making process. Individual making process influenes people around them.Making decisions are made by involving everyone else in the community 2.) Explain the concept of demorcracy. Choose any government organization and explain how democracy is implemented in that department. Engraved in the facade of the Cebu provincial capitol building are the words that state that: Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them. This quotation is the essence of a democratic state government. That being the case, the full ambit of such a principle is stated in the Constitution of the United States that when a government becomes inimical to the interests of the people, it is the right of the people to change or abolish that government (or words to that effect). Revolutions are therefore a recognized radical mode of changing even a democratically elected government. There is a caveat that those who engage in revolutions or coups supported by the people better make sure that their extraordinary exercise of that inherent right succeeds in the toppling over of the government. In which case the people who led the revolution become the heroes, and those who were ousted end up as the losers. In ancient times, the losers even lost their heads as in the French revolution which ended with the execution of King Louis XVI and his Queen Marie Antoinette. In that revolution, the original leaders also lost theirs via the guillotine when they started fighting each other ie. from my unrealiable memory some of them were Danton, Marat, and Robes Pierre. The saying Liberty, how many crimes have been committed in thy name! originated from that revolution. To stop the chaos and instability, the revolutionary council appointed a Corsican officer of the army who forthwith installed artillery in the street corners of Paris. He instructed the soldiers to fire at any rioters. That action restored stability. The officers name, was Napoleon Bonaparte. The French revolutions aim was to establish a government of liberty, fraternity, and equality as opposed to the absolute powers of the King.
3.) Explain how a crowd becomes a mob which turns into a riot. An acting crowd turning violent is called a mob. Due to intense emotion of the crowd, the mob tends to dissipate quickly.Riot is a crowd without any particular purpose, a social eruption that is highly emotional, violent, and undirected. Crowd through distinguished from one another depending on type or kind can shift from one type to another. Spectators in an UAAP game might start as an expressive crowd, but as the games progresses and their emotions are fed by each others' promptings, this type might evolve into an acting crowd espacially when thery perceive that the games authorities are favoring one team against the other. 4.) Site an example that will demonstrate either possitive or negative effects of media in culture. Philippine police have stormed a hijacked bus and shot dead a former police officer who had taken a group of Hong Kong tourists hostage. This demonstrate a negative effect on the Philippine culture.The relationship between the chinese and the filipinos is greatly affected by this incident.
Willins Kristian C. NonesBS HRM 3rd yr
chapter 8 1.) Observe a primary and secondary group in the campus and document the manner of interactions of the individuals within. Take note of the behaviors and actions that connote each of the elements of primary and secondary groups. The HRM basketball team are considered as primary group.Some elements of primary groups that I observed are: -they tend to be small and are ordinarily composed of fewer than 15 to 20 individuals;-interaction and communication among members in the basketball team tend to be of an intimate and personal nature;-members commonly develop strong emotion bonds with other members; and
-they generally persist over extensive periods of time. Gamers in DOTA are considered as secondary group.These, unlike primary groups, members do not share intimate, personal relationships.Sometimes members of said secondary groups do not even know each other, or have not even met each other or experienced close face-to-face interactions 2.) Choose an office in the university organization and analyze when, where and how the dysfunctionalities of bureaucracy are exhibited in this office. Make recommendations to reduce if not eliminate these dysfunctionalities. The Unified Bartenders Association (TUBA)I noticed that they are having a hard time performing their division of labor. Written rules and regulations sets limits or bounderies to them. Impersonality is one of the issues that should not be ignored, they perform their functions without regard to personal consideration of people as individuals but sometimes it cant be helped. I strongly recomend that they must try not to exhibit the dysfunctionalities of bureaucracy in order to function properly as a group and as an organization. chapter 9 1.) Watch the movie "Titanic". Observe and study the passengers' behavior during the incident of the sinking of the cruise ship and discuss their behavior using your knowledge about panic and mass hysteria. According to Tischler, quoting Janis and his colleagues, people do not panic unless four conditions are met.First, people must feel that they are trapped in a life-threatening situation. Second, they must perceive a threat to their safety that is so large that they do little else but try to escape. Third, they must realize that their escape routes are limited or inaccessible. and last. ther must be breakdown of communication between the front and rear of the crowd. As I observed from the film "Titanic", the crowd begins to panic at the moment they realize that their life is in danger beacause the ship suddenly became unstable. The crowd began to panic and done everything to escape from the ship. Mass Hysteria occurs when large numbers of people are overwhelmed with emotion and frenzied activity or become convinced that ther experienced something that ivestigators can fin no discernible evidence. 2.) Read thoroughly about EDSA 2 Revolution. Collect as many information as possible about event. Collect news clippings related to the event and use these to discuss the development of EDSA 2 with the help of the Value-Added Theory of Neil Smelser. Be sure to identify the events corresponding to the conditions of the value-added theory.
Value-Added Theory is developed by Neil Smelser. Value Added Theory attempts to explain whether collective behavior will occur and what direction it will take Smelser explains that collectivities emerge as a product of the combination of six conditions. These are structural conduciveness, structural strain, growth and spread of generalized belief, precipitating factor, mobilization for action and mechanism of social control. October 16, 2000Governor Chavit Singson of Ilocus Sur, a presidential friend and known protector of illegal numbers game called jueteng, accuses the president of the republic of the Philippines, Joseph Estrada, as the "lord of all jueteng lords" for receiving 5 million pesos protection money from jueteng every month during his term of presidency. He also accuses the president of receiving kickbacks from 170 million pesos excise tobacco tax.October 17, 2000Clamor for Erap's resignation starts. Political and economic crisis worsens.November 13, 2000The House of Representatives files an impeachment case against the president on the grounds of bribery, graft and corruption, betrayal of public trust, and culpable violation of the Constitution.
November 14, 2000National Day of Protest, lead by Manila Archbishop Jaime Cardinal Sin, is conducted and calls for the president to resign for loss of moral ascendancy and incompetence in handling the country during the economic crisis, December 7, 2000 The Impeachment Trial starts. The Chief Justice of the Philippines, Hilario Davide Jr., is the presiding officer and the 22 members of the Senate are the judges. A verdict of conviction from 15 senators is needed to remove the president from office.December 22, 2000During the impeachment trial, a bank executive testifies that Estrada has a hidden bank account in the Equitable-PCI Bank containing 500 million pesos (an amount not stated in Estrada's Statement of Assets and Liabilities) using a different name, which is "Jose Velarde." The defense objects to the testimony on the grounds of irrelevancy and immateriality because the said allegation is not included in the Articles of Impeachment. The presiding officer overrules the objection, however, he insists that the testimony will be accepted as evidence only after the prosecution proves that the 500 million pesos contained in that bank account is indeed ill-gotten money.January 4, 2001Two days after the trial resumed from a week-long Christmas break, former Finance Department Secretary and colleague of the president, Edgardo Espiritu, testifies that the accusations alleged in the Articles of Impeachment with regards to the president's betrayal of public trust, are undeniably true.January 16, 2001A new set of evidence inside a BROWN ENVELOPE is voluntarily given by a bank for the impeachment trial. The new set of evidence is said to prove that the 500 million pesos on a hidden bank account is ill-gotten and belongs to Estrada. It is also said to
prove that the president owns more hidden bank accounts, all under different names. The prosecutors are told that the amount contained in the various hidden bank accounts totals to 3.3 billion pesos. Unfortunately, majority of the senators/judges (11 out of 21) votes to bar the opening of the mysterious BROWN ENVELOPE on the grounds of immateriality (not being included in the Articles of Impeachment). Prosecutors interpret the decision as a suppression of truth and an early sign of an acquittal verdict for the president. They walk-out of the courtroom. Anti-Estrada spectators in the courtroom walk-out too. The senator-judges who voted to withold the opening of the brown envelope:Nikki Coseteng, Juan Ponce Enrile, Gregorio Honasan, Robert Jaworski, Ramon Revilla Sr., Blas Ople, Tessie Aquino-Oreta, John Osmena, Miriam Defensor-Santiago, Vicente Sotto, Francisco Tatad The senator-judges who voted to open the brown envelope:Rene Cayetano, Franklin Drilon, Juan Flavier, Teofisto Guingona Jr., Loren Legarda, Ramon Magsaysay Jr., Sergio Osmena, Aquilino Pimentel, Raul Roco, Rodolfo Biazon. Senator Robert Barbers is not present during the entire impeachment trial due to his confinement in a US hospital. 11:00 PM Militant groups, the civil society, left-wing groups, and a large anti-Estrada crowd unites in protest against the decision of the 11 senator-judges to bar the evidence. They gather in the EDSA Shrine, located on the intersection of Ortigas Avenue and Epifanio de los Santos Advenue (EDSA) in Quezon City. Jaime Cardinal Sin, a prominent figure during the widely popular1986 EDSA People Power, once again, calls on Filipinos to proceed to EDSA and stay there until, using his own words, "good has conquered evil". EDSA People Power II is formally launched. Other key figures in the 1986 EDSA People Power join the growing crowd in EDSA, like former presidents Corazon Aquino and Fidel Ramos.January 17, 2001 EDSA People Power II: DAY ONEThe impeachment trial is adjourned because of the prosecutors' resignation. Date of the trial's resumption is left undecided.A crowd numbering to 100,000 is already in EDSA.January 18, 2001 EDSA People Power II: DAY TWOThe number of people in EDSA triples. They form a "Human Chain" from EDSA Shrine in Ortigas Avenue to Ayala Avenue in Makati City. This is to show Estrada that hundreds of thousands of people are already demanding his resignation. More and more prominent personalities and even friends and former colleagues in the entertainment business of the president are already calling for him to step down from office. Talks about the military's and police's withdrawal of support to the president spread. January 19, 2001 EDSA People Power II: DAY THREENews about withdrawals of support to the president of the military and police is confirmed as high ranking military and police officials join the crowd protesting in EDSA. The military's and police's withdrawals of their support are key factors in making a president incapable of performing his duties. More than half of the president's cabinet members and a number of top government officials withdraw their support too and join the rally in EDSA.. All of these withdrawals of support give a big boost to the anti-Estrada crowd gathered in EDSA.
Number of people rallying in EDSA, is believed to have already reached nearly two million. And yours truly is proud to be one of them!5:00 PM Estrada, for the first time in the last four days, is on television. Estrada addresses the entire nation and insists that he will not resign and would like the impeachment trial to go on. He adds that he already instructed his lawyers to allow the opening of the mysterious BROWN ENVELOPE. He stresses-out that only a conviction verdict from the impeachment trial would force him out of office. However, the people, with absolutely no hesitations, rejects Estrada's proposal. 6:15 PM Estrada is again on television addressing the nation, not his resignation, but a proposal to include a presidential snap election in the upcoming May congressional and local elections. In addition, he promises not to run in this special election. As expected, the nearly two million EDSA crowd, junk the proposal and instead give the president a 6:00 AM deadline to leave office. If he insists on staying, the crowd will march to Malacanang, and force him out.January 20, 2001 EDSA People Power II: DAY FOURAmidst negotiations for a peaceful transition of power, the 6:00 AM deadline is not met. About one-third of the people in EDSA, march to Malacanang and occupies Mendiola, a street near Malacanang, where a measly group of an estimated 500 Estrada supporters were gathered but forced to retreat. Despite the president's resistance to resign, the Supreme Court makes a unanimous decision to file a resolution declaring the position of president vacant therefore allowing the constitutionally-mandated successor, the vice-president, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, to take over. At exactly 12:00 noon, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo takes her oath of office in the presence of the countless people in EDSA and becomes the 14th president of the Republic of the Philippines. Afterwards, she gives a 14-minute inauguration speech. The joyfulness of the crowd is indescribable. 2:00 PM Ousted president Estrada sends a letter to the media stating his doubts on the constitutionality of Gloria Arroyo's proclamation as president. However, he also states in the said letter that he doesn't wish to be a negative factor in the 'healing process' of the country, so he already stepped down from office. Once again, the Filipinos have shown to the entire world their sense of unity for peaceful & non-violent protests! The sipirt of EDSA lives on! Weeks after EDSA 2, Estrada insisted that he never really resigned and therefore is still the president of the republic. He added that Gloria Arroyo is merely an acting president. Estrada insisted on these in order to gain immunity from the plunder and other criminal charges filed against him. The law states that the president of the Philippines and other high ranking public officials have immunity from criminal charges filed against them until their term expires. However, the Justices of the Supreme Court, basing from the actions of the former president during his last hours in Malacanang, unanimously agreed that he undoubtedly resigned from office and because of this, he is no longer the president and no longer enjoys immunity from criminal charges filed against him. Estrada appealed the supreme court's decision, but the appeal was unanimously denied. During the last week of April 2001, Estrada was arrested for plunder charges. The supporters of Estrada protested the arrest by staging what they called "EDSA 3." It lasted for nearly four days. It was reported that most of these people were "paid" to go to
EDSA by public officials who are close allies with the former president. They demanded Estrada's return to power even though there is absolutely no constitutional way he can return to office. Prominent allies of Estrada in politics persuaded the protestors to march towards Malacanang. However, they abandoned these rowdy rallyists afterwards. At early morning of May 1, pro-Estrada rallyists marched to Malacanang and attempted to enter the residential palace. Military men have already barricaded it, and using maximum tolerance, made the unruly pro-Estrada crowd retreat. The supporters of Estrada created a riot by throwing rocks, burning cars, destroying police stations, hurting policemen and even news reporters. They failed in their endeavor to bring Estrada back to power. They, along with other prominent Estrada allies who persuaded them to march to Malacanang were accused of “rebellion”. By the unquestionably rude and violent actions perpetrated by these Estrada supporters, this gathering cannot be truly called EDSA 3 because rallies in EDSA are always characterized by peaceful, non-violent protests.
1.) Explain the main difference between individual decision making process vs. organization decision making process. Individual making process influenes people around them.Making decisions are made by involving everyone else in the community 2.) Explain the concept of demorcracy. Choose any government organization and explain how democracy is implemented in that department. Engraved in the facade of the Cebu provincial capitol building are the words that state that: Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them. This quotation is the essence of a democratic state government. That being the case, the full ambit of such a principle is stated in the Constitution of the United States that when a government becomes inimical to the interests of the people, it is the right of the people to change or abolish that government (or words to that effect). Revolutions are therefore a recognized radical mode of changing even a democratically elected government. There is a caveat that those who engage in revolutions or coups supported by the people better make sure that their extraordinary exercise of that inherent right succeeds in the toppling over of the government. In which case the people who led the revolution become the heroes, and those who were ousted end up as the losers. In ancient times, the losers even lost their heads as in the French revolution which ended with the execution of King Louis XVI and his Queen Marie Antoinette. In that revolution, the original leaders also lost theirs via the guillotine when they started fighting each other ie. from my unrealiable memory some of them were Danton, Marat, and Robes Pierre. The saying Liberty, how many crimes have been committed in thy name! originated from that revolution. To stop the chaos and instability, the revolutionary council appointed a Corsican officer of the army who forthwith installed artillery in the street corners of Paris. He instructed the soldiers to fire at any rioters. That action restored stability. The officers name, was
Napoleon Bonaparte. The French revolutions aim was to establish a government of liberty, fraternity, and equality as opposed to the absolute powers of the King. 3.) Explain how a crowd becomes a mob which turns into a riot. An acting crowd turning violent is called a mob. Due to intense emotion of the crowd, the mob tends to dissipate quickly.Riot is a crowd without any particular purpose, a social eruption that is highly emotional, violent, and undirected. Crowd through distinguished from one another depending on type or kind can shift from one type to another. Spectators in an UAAP game might start as an expressive crowd, but as the games progresses and their emotions are fed by each others' promptings, this type might evolve into an acting crowd espacially when thery perceive that the games authorities are favoring one team against the other. 4.) Site an example that will demonstrate either possitive or negative effects of media in culture. Philippine police have stormed a hijacked bus and shot dead a former police officer who had taken a group of Hong Kong tourists hostage. This demonstrate a negative effect on the Philippine culture.The relationship between the chinese and the filipinos is greatly affected by this incident.
Kevin Nicole M. DelacruzBSHRM 3rd yr
chapter 8 1.) Observe a primary and secondary group in the campus and document the manner of interactions of the individuals within. Take note of the behaviors and actions that connote each of the elements of primary and secondary groups. The HRM basketball team are considered as primary group.Some elements of primary groups that I observed are: -they tend to be small and are ordinarily composed of fewer than 15 to 20 individuals;-interaction and communication among members in the basketball team tend to be of an intimate and personal nature;-members commonly develop strong emotion bonds with other members; and-they generally persist over extensive periods of time. Gamers in DOTA are considered as secondary group.
These, unlike primary groups, members do not share intimate, personal relationships.Sometimes members of said secondary groups do not even know each other, or have not even met each other or experienced close face-to-face interactions 2.) Choose an office in the university organization and analyze when, where and how the dysfunctionalities of bureaucracy are exhibited in this office. Make recommendations to reduce if not eliminate these dysfunctionalities. The Unified Bartenders Association (TUBA)I noticed that they are having a hard time performing their division of labor. Written rules and regulations sets limits or bounderies to them. Impersonality is one of the issues that should not be ignored, they perform their functions without regard to personal consideration of people as individuals but sometimes it cant be helped. I strongly recomend that they must try not to exhibit the dysfunctionalities of bureaucracy in order to function properly as a group and as an organization. chapter 9 1.) Watch the movie "Titanic". Observe and study the passengers' behavior during the incident of the sinking of the cruise ship and discuss their behavior using your knowledge about panic and mass hysteria. According to Tischler, quoting Janis and his colleagues, people do not panic unless four conditions are met.First, people must feel that they are trapped in a life-threatening situation. Second, they must perceive a threat to their safety that is so large that they do little else but try to escape. Third, they must realize that their escape routes are limited or inaccessible. and last. ther must be breakdown of communication between the front and rear of the crowd. As I observed from the film "Titanic", the crowd begins to panic at the moment they realize that their life is in danger beacause the ship suddenly became unstable. The crowd began to panic and done everything to escape from the ship. Mass Hysteria occurs when large numbers of people are overwhelmed with emotion and frenzied activity or become convinced that ther experienced something that ivestigators can fin no discernible evidence. 2.) Read thoroughly about EDSA 2 Revolution. Collect as many information as possible about event. Collect news clippings related to the event and use these to discuss the development of EDSA 2 with the help of the Value-Added Theory of Neil Smelser. Be sure to identify the events corresponding to the conditions of the value-added theory. Value-Added Theory is developed by Neil Smelser. Value Added Theory attempts to explain whether collective behavior will occur and what direction it will take Smelser explains that collectivities emerge as a product of the combination of six conditions. These are structural conduciveness, structural strain, growth and spread of generalized belief, precipitating factor, mobilization for action and mechanism of social control. October 16, 2000Governor Chavit Singson of Ilocus Sur, a presidential friend and known protector of illegal numbers game called jueteng, accuses the president of the republic of the
Philippines, Joseph Estrada, as the "lord of all jueteng lords" for receiving 5 million pesos protection money from jueteng every month during his term of presidency. He also accuses the president of receiving kickbacks from 170 million pesos excise tobacco tax.October 17, 2000Clamor for Erap's resignation starts. Political and economic crisis worsens.November 13, 2000The House of Representatives files an impeachment case against the president on the grounds of bribery, graft and corruption, betrayal of public trust, and culpable violation of the Constitution.
November 14, 2000National Day of Protest, lead by Manila Archbishop Jaime Cardinal Sin, is conducted and calls for the president to resign for loss of moral ascendancy and incompetence in handling the country during the economic crisis, December 7, 2000 The Impeachment Trial starts. The Chief Justice of the Philippines, Hilario Davide Jr., is the presiding officer and the 22 members of the Senate are the judges. A verdict of conviction from 15 senators is needed to remove the president from office.December 22, 2000During the impeachment trial, a bank executive testifies that Estrada has a hidden bank account in the Equitable-PCI Bank containing 500 million pesos (an amount not stated in Estrada's Statement of Assets and Liabilities) using a different name, which is "Jose Velarde." The defense objects to the testimony on the grounds of irrelevancy and immateriality because the said allegation is not included in the Articles of Impeachment. The presiding officer overrules the objection, however, he insists that the testimony will be accepted as evidence only after the prosecution proves that the 500 million pesos contained in that bank account is indeed ill-gotten money.January 4, 2001Two days after the trial resumed from a week-long Christmas break, former Finance Department Secretary and colleague of the president, Edgardo Espiritu, testifies that the accusations alleged in the Articles of Impeachment with regards to the president's betrayal of public trust, are undeniably true.January 16, 2001A new set of evidence inside a BROWN ENVELOPE is voluntarily given by a bank for the impeachment trial. The new set of evidence is said to prove that the 500 million pesos on a hidden bank account is ill-gotten and belongs to Estrada. It is also said to prove that the president owns more hidden bank accounts, all under different names. The prosecutors are told that the amount contained in the various hidden bank accounts totals to 3.3 billion pesos. Unfortunately, majority of the senators/judges (11 out of 21) votes to bar the opening of the mysterious BROWN ENVELOPE on the grounds of immateriality (not being included in the Articles of Impeachment). Prosecutors interpret the decision as a suppression of truth and an early sign of an acquittal verdict for the president. They walk-out of the courtroom. Anti-Estrada spectators in the courtroom walk-out too. The senator-judges who voted to withold the opening of the brown envelope:Nikki Coseteng, Juan Ponce Enrile, Gregorio Honasan, Robert Jaworski, Ramon Revilla Sr., Blas Ople, Tessie Aquino-Oreta, John Osmena, Miriam Defensor-Santiago, Vicente Sotto, Francisco Tatad The senator-judges who voted to open the brown envelope:Rene Cayetano, Franklin Drilon, Juan Flavier, Teofisto Guingona Jr., Loren Legarda, Ramon Magsaysay Jr., Sergio Osmena, Aquilino Pimentel, Raul Roco, Rodolfo Biazon. Senator Robert Barbers is not present during the entire impeachment trial due to his confinement in a US hospital.
11:00 PM Militant groups, the civil society, left-wing groups, and a large anti-Estrada crowd unites in protest against the decision of the 11 senator-judges to bar the evidence. They gather in the EDSA Shrine, located on the intersection of Ortigas Avenue and Epifanio de los Santos Advenue (EDSA) in Quezon City. Jaime Cardinal Sin, a prominent figure during the widely popular1986 EDSA People Power, once again, calls on Filipinos to proceed to EDSA and stay there until, using his own words, "good has conquered evil". EDSA People Power II is formally launched. Other key figures in the 1986 EDSA People Power join the growing crowd in EDSA, like former presidents Corazon Aquino and Fidel Ramos.January 17, 2001 EDSA People Power II: DAY ONEThe impeachment trial is adjourned because of the prosecutors' resignation. Date of the trial's resumption is left undecided.A crowd numbering to 100,000 is already in EDSA.January 18, 2001 EDSA People Power II: DAY TWOThe number of people in EDSA triples. They form a "Human Chain" from EDSA Shrine in Ortigas Avenue to Ayala Avenue in Makati City. This is to show Estrada that hundreds of thousands of people are already demanding his resignation. More and more prominent personalities and even friends and former colleagues in the entertainment business of the president are already calling for him to step down from office. Talks about the military's and police's withdrawal of support to the president spread. January 19, 2001 EDSA People Power II: DAY THREENews about withdrawals of support to the president of the military and police is confirmed as high ranking military and police officials join the crowd protesting in EDSA. The military's and police's withdrawals of their support are key factors in making a president incapable of performing his duties. More than half of the president's cabinet members and a number of top government officials withdraw their support too and join the rally in EDSA.. All of these withdrawals of support give a big boost to the anti-Estrada crowd gathered in EDSA. Number of people rallying in EDSA, is believed to have already reached nearly two million. And yours truly is proud to be one of them!5:00 PM Estrada, for the first time in the last four days, is on television. Estrada addresses the entire nation and insists that he will not resign and would like the impeachment trial to go on. He adds that he already instructed his lawyers to allow the opening of the mysterious BROWN ENVELOPE. He stresses-out that only a conviction verdict from the impeachment trial would force him out of office. However, the people, with absolutely no hesitations, rejects Estrada's proposal. 6:15 PM Estrada is again on television addressing the nation, not his resignation, but a proposal to include a presidential snap election in the upcoming May congressional and local elections. In addition, he promises not to run in this special election. As expected, the nearly two million EDSA crowd, junk the proposal and instead give the president a 6:00 AM deadline to leave office. If he insists on staying, the crowd will march to Malacanang, and force him out.January 20, 2001 EDSA People Power II: DAY FOURAmidst negotiations for a peaceful transition of power, the 6:00 AM deadline is not met. About one-third of the people in EDSA, march to Malacanang and occupies Mendiola, a street near Malacanang, where a measly group of an estimated 500 Estrada supporters were gathered but forced to retreat. Despite the president's resistance to resign, the Supreme Court makes a unanimous decision to file a resolution declaring the position of president vacant therefore allowing the constitutionally-mandated successor, the vice-president, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, to take over. At exactly 12:00 noon, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo takes her oath of office in the presence of the countless people in EDSA and becomes the 14th president of the Republic of the Philippines. Afterwards, she gives a 14-minute inauguration speech. The joyfulness of the crowd is indescribable.
2:00 PM Ousted president Estrada sends a letter to the media stating his doubts on the constitutionality of Gloria Arroyo's proclamation as president. However, he also states in the said letter that he doesn't wish to be a negative factor in the 'healing process' of the country, so he already stepped down from office. Once again, the Filipinos have shown to the entire world their sense of unity for peaceful & non-violent protests! The sipirt of EDSA lives on! Weeks after EDSA 2, Estrada insisted that he never really resigned and therefore is still the president of the republic. He added that Gloria Arroyo is merely an acting president. Estrada insisted on these in order to gain immunity from the plunder and other criminal charges filed against him. The law states that the president of the Philippines and other high ranking public officials have immunity from criminal charges filed against them until their term expires. However, the Justices of the Supreme Court, basing from the actions of the former president during his last hours in Malacanang, unanimously agreed that he undoubtedly resigned from office and because of this, he is no longer the president and no longer enjoys immunity from criminal charges filed against him. Estrada appealed the supreme court's decision, but the appeal was unanimously denied. During the last week of April 2001, Estrada was arrested for plunder charges. The supporters of Estrada protested the arrest by staging what they called "EDSA 3." It lasted for nearly four days. It was reported that most of these people were "paid" to go to EDSA by public officials who are close allies with the former president. They demanded Estrada's return to power even though there is absolutely no constitutional way he can return to office. Prominent allies of Estrada in politics persuaded the protestors to march towards Malacanang. However, they abandoned these rowdy rallyists afterwards. At early morning of May 1, pro-Estrada rallyists marched to Malacanang and attempted to enter the residential palace. Military men have already barricaded it, and using maximum tolerance, made the unruly pro-Estrada crowd retreat. The supporters of Estrada created a riot by throwing rocks, burning cars, destroying police stations, hurting policemen and even news reporters. They failed in their endeavor to bring Estrada back to power. They, along with other prominent Estrada allies who persuaded them to march to Malacanang were accused of “rebellion”. By the unquestionably rude and violent actions perpetrated by these Estrada supporters, this gathering cannot be truly called EDSA 3 because rallies in EDSA are always characterized by peaceful, non-violent protests.
1.) Explain the main difference between individual decision making process vs. organization decision making process. Individual making process influenes people around them.Making decisions are made by involving everyone else in the community 2.) Explain the concept of demorcracy. Choose any government organization and explain how democracy is implemented in that department. Engraved in the facade of the Cebu provincial capitol building are the words that state that: Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them. This quotation is the essence of a democratic state government. That being the case, the full ambit of such a principle is stated in the Constitution of the United States that when a government becomes inimical to the interests of the people, it is the right of the people to change or abolish that government (or words to that effect). Revolutions are therefore a recognized radical mode of changing even a
democratically elected government. There is a caveat that those who engage in revolutions or coups supported by the people better make sure that their extraordinary exercise of that inherent right succeeds in the toppling over of the government. In which case the people who led the revolution become the heroes, and those who were ousted end up as the losers. In ancient times, the losers even lost their heads as in the French revolution which ended with the execution of King Louis XVI and his Queen Marie Antoinette. In that revolution, the original leaders also lost theirs via the guillotine when they started fighting each other ie. from my unrealiable memory some of them were Danton, Marat, and Robes Pierre. The saying Liberty, how many crimes have been committed in thy name! originated from that revolution. To stop the chaos and instability, the revolutionary council appointed a Corsican officer of the army who forthwith installed artillery in the street corners of Paris. He instructed the soldiers to fire at any rioters. That action restored stability. The officers name, was Napoleon Bonaparte. The French revolutions aim was to establish a government of liberty, fraternity, and equality as opposed to the absolute powers of the King. 3.) Explain how a crowd becomes a mob which turns into a riot. An acting crowd turning violent is called a mob. Due to intense emotion of the crowd, the mob tends to dissipate quickly.Riot is a crowd without any particular purpose, a social eruption that is highly emotional, violent, and undirected. Crowd through distinguished from one another depending on type or kind can shift from one type to another. Spectators in an UAAP game might start as an expressive crowd, but as the games progresses and their emotions are fed by each others' promptings, this type might evolve into an acting crowd espacially when thery perceive that the games authorities are favoring one team against the other. 4.) Site an example that will demonstrate either possitive or negative effects of media in culture. Philippine police have stormed a hijacked bus and shot dead a former police officer who had taken a group of Hong Kong tourists hostage. This demonstrate a negative effect on the Philippine culture.The relationship between the chinese and the filipinos is greatly affected by this incident.
Alexa Ray MunsayacBS HRM
chapter 8
1.) Observe a primary and secondary group in the campus and document the manner of interactions of the individuals within. Take note of the behaviors and actions that connote each of the elements of primary and secondary groups. The HRM basketball team are considered as primary group.Some elements of primary groups that I observed are: -they tend to be small and are ordinarily composed of fewer than 15 to 20 individuals;-interaction and communication among members in the basketball team tend to be of an intimate and personal nature;-members commonly develop strong emotion bonds with other members; and-they generally persist over extensive periods of time. Gamers in DOTA are considered as secondary group.These, unlike primary groups, members do not share intimate, personal relationships.Sometimes members of said secondary groups do not even know each other, or have not even met each other or experienced close face-to-face interactions 2.) Choose an office in the university organization and analyze when, where and how the dysfunctionalities of bureaucracy are exhibited in this office. Make recommendations to reduce if not eliminate these dysfunctionalities. The Unified Bartenders Association (TUBA)I noticed that they are having a hard time performing their division of labor. Written rules and regulations sets limits or bounderies to them. Impersonality is one of the issues that should not be ignored, they perform their functions without regard to personal consideration of people as individuals but sometimes it cant be helped. I strongly recomend that they must try not to exhibit the dysfunctionalities of bureaucracy in order to function properly as a group and as an organization. chapter 9 1.) Watch the movie "Titanic". Observe and study the passengers' behavior during the incident of the sinking of the cruise ship and discuss their behavior using your knowledge about panic and mass hysteria. According to Tischler, quoting Janis and his colleagues, people do not panic unless four conditions are met.First, people must feel that they are trapped in a life-threatening situation. Second, they must perceive a threat to their safety that is so large that they do little else but try to escape. Third, they must realize that their escape routes are limited or inaccessible. and last. ther must be breakdown of communication between the front and rear of the crowd. As I observed from the film "Titanic", the crowd begins to panic at the moment they realize that their life is in danger beacause the ship suddenly became unstable. The crowd began to panic and done everything to escape from the ship. Mass Hysteria occurs when large numbers of people are overwhelmed with emotion and frenzied activity or become convinced that ther experienced something that ivestigators can fin no discernible evidence.
2.) Read thoroughly about EDSA 2 Revolution. Collect as many information as possible about event. Collect news clippings related to the event and use these to discuss the development of EDSA 2 with the help of the Value-Added Theory of Neil Smelser. Be sure to identify the events corresponding to the conditions of the value-added theory. Value-Added Theory is developed by Neil Smelser. Value Added Theory attempts to explain whether collective behavior will occur and what direction it will take Smelser explains that collectivities emerge as a product of the combination of six conditions. These are structural conduciveness, structural strain, growth and spread of generalized belief, precipitating factor, mobilization for action and mechanism of social control. October 16, 2000Governor Chavit Singson of Ilocus Sur, a presidential friend and known protector of illegal numbers game called jueteng, accuses the president of the republic of the Philippines, Joseph Estrada, as the "lord of all jueteng lords" for receiving 5 million pesos protection money from jueteng every month during his term of presidency. He also accuses the president of receiving kickbacks from 170 million pesos excise tobacco tax.October 17, 2000Clamor for Erap's resignation starts. Political and economic crisis worsens.November 13, 2000The House of Representatives files an impeachment case against the president on the grounds of bribery, graft and corruption, betrayal of public trust, and culpable violation of the Constitution.
November 14, 2000National Day of Protest, lead by Manila Archbishop Jaime Cardinal Sin, is conducted and calls for the president to resign for loss of moral ascendancy and incompetence in handling the country during the economic crisis, December 7, 2000 The Impeachment Trial starts. The Chief Justice of the Philippines, Hilario Davide Jr., is the presiding officer and the 22 members of the Senate are the judges. A verdict of conviction from 15 senators is needed to remove the president from office.December 22, 2000During the impeachment trial, a bank executive testifies that Estrada has a hidden bank account in the Equitable-PCI Bank containing 500 million pesos (an amount not stated in Estrada's Statement of Assets and Liabilities) using a different name, which is "Jose Velarde." The defense objects to the testimony on the grounds of irrelevancy and immateriality because the said allegation is not included in the Articles of Impeachment. The presiding officer overrules the objection, however, he insists that the testimony will be accepted as evidence only after the prosecution proves that the 500 million pesos contained in that bank account is indeed ill-gotten money.January 4, 2001Two days after the trial resumed from a week-long Christmas break, former Finance Department Secretary and colleague of the president, Edgardo Espiritu, testifies that the accusations alleged in the Articles of Impeachment with regards to the president's betrayal of public trust, are undeniably true.January 16, 2001A new set of evidence inside a BROWN ENVELOPE is voluntarily given by a bank for the impeachment trial. The new set of evidence is said to prove that the 500 million pesos on a hidden bank account is ill-gotten and belongs to Estrada. It is also said to prove that the president owns more hidden bank accounts, all under different
names. The prosecutors are told that the amount contained in the various hidden bank accounts totals to 3.3 billion pesos. Unfortunately, majority of the senators/judges (11 out of 21) votes to bar the opening of the mysterious BROWN ENVELOPE on the grounds of immateriality (not being included in the Articles of Impeachment). Prosecutors interpret the decision as a suppression of truth and an early sign of an acquittal verdict for the president. They walk-out of the courtroom. Anti-Estrada spectators in the courtroom walk-out too. The senator-judges who voted to withold the opening of the brown envelope:Nikki Coseteng, Juan Ponce Enrile, Gregorio Honasan, Robert Jaworski, Ramon Revilla Sr., Blas Ople, Tessie Aquino-Oreta, John Osmena, Miriam Defensor-Santiago, Vicente Sotto, Francisco Tatad The senator-judges who voted to open the brown envelope:Rene Cayetano, Franklin Drilon, Juan Flavier, Teofisto Guingona Jr., Loren Legarda, Ramon Magsaysay Jr., Sergio Osmena, Aquilino Pimentel, Raul Roco, Rodolfo Biazon. Senator Robert Barbers is not present during the entire impeachment trial due to his confinement in a US hospital. 11:00 PM Militant groups, the civil society, left-wing groups, and a large anti-Estrada crowd unites in protest against the decision of the 11 senator-judges to bar the evidence. They gather in the EDSA Shrine, located on the intersection of Ortigas Avenue and Epifanio de los Santos Advenue (EDSA) in Quezon City. Jaime Cardinal Sin, a prominent figure during the widely popular1986 EDSA People Power, once again, calls on Filipinos to proceed to EDSA and stay there until, using his own words, "good has conquered evil". EDSA People Power II is formally launched. Other key figures in the 1986 EDSA People Power join the growing crowd in EDSA, like former presidents Corazon Aquino and Fidel Ramos.January 17, 2001 EDSA People Power II: DAY ONEThe impeachment trial is adjourned because of the prosecutors' resignation. Date of the trial's resumption is left undecided.A crowd numbering to 100,000 is already in EDSA.January 18, 2001 EDSA People Power II: DAY TWOThe number of people in EDSA triples. They form a "Human Chain" from EDSA Shrine in Ortigas Avenue to Ayala Avenue in Makati City. This is to show Estrada that hundreds of thousands of people are already demanding his resignation. More and more prominent personalities and even friends and former colleagues in the entertainment business of the president are already calling for him to step down from office. Talks about the military's and police's withdrawal of support to the president spread. January 19, 2001 EDSA People Power II: DAY THREENews about withdrawals of support to the president of the military and police is confirmed as high ranking military and police officials join the crowd protesting in EDSA. The military's and police's withdrawals of their support are key factors in making a president incapable of performing his duties. More than half of the president's cabinet members and a number of top government officials withdraw their support too and join the rally in EDSA.. All of these withdrawals of support give a big boost to the anti-Estrada crowd gathered in EDSA. Number of people rallying in EDSA, is believed to have already reached nearly two million. And yours truly is proud to be one of them!5:00 PM Estrada, for the first time in the last four days, is on television. Estrada addresses the entire nation and insists that he will not resign and would like the impeachment trial to go on. He adds that he already instructed his lawyers to allow the opening of the mysterious BROWN ENVELOPE. He stresses-out that only a conviction verdict from the impeachment trial would force him out of office. However, the people, with absolutely no hesitations, rejects Estrada's proposal. 6:15 PM Estrada is again on television addressing the nation, not his resignation, but a proposal to include a presidential snap election in the upcoming May congressional
and local elections. In addition, he promises not to run in this special election. As expected, the nearly two million EDSA crowd, junk the proposal and instead give the president a 6:00 AM deadline to leave office. If he insists on staying, the crowd will march to Malacanang, and force him out.January 20, 2001 EDSA People Power II: DAY FOURAmidst negotiations for a peaceful transition of power, the 6:00 AM deadline is not met. About one-third of the people in EDSA, march to Malacanang and occupies Mendiola, a street near Malacanang, where a measly group of an estimated 500 Estrada supporters were gathered but forced to retreat. Despite the president's resistance to resign, the Supreme Court makes a unanimous decision to file a resolution declaring the position of president vacant therefore allowing the constitutionally-mandated successor, the vice-president, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, to take over. At exactly 12:00 noon, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo takes her oath of office in the presence of the countless people in EDSA and becomes the 14th president of the Republic of the Philippines. Afterwards, she gives a 14-minute inauguration speech. The joyfulness of the crowd is indescribable. 2:00 PM Ousted president Estrada sends a letter to the media stating his doubts on the constitutionality of Gloria Arroyo's proclamation as president. However, he also states in the said letter that he doesn't wish to be a negative factor in the 'healing process' of the country, so he already stepped down from office. Once again, the Filipinos have shown to the entire world their sense of unity for peaceful & non-violent protests! The sipirt of EDSA lives on! Weeks after EDSA 2, Estrada insisted that he never really resigned and therefore is still the president of the republic. He added that Gloria Arroyo is merely an acting president. Estrada insisted on these in order to gain immunity from the plunder and other criminal charges filed against him. The law states that the president of the Philippines and other high ranking public officials have immunity from criminal charges filed against them until their term expires. However, the Justices of the Supreme Court, basing from the actions of the former president during his last hours in Malacanang, unanimously agreed that he undoubtedly resigned from office and because of this, he is no longer the president and no longer enjoys immunity from criminal charges filed against him. Estrada appealed the supreme court's decision, but the appeal was unanimously denied. During the last week of April 2001, Estrada was arrested for plunder charges. The supporters of Estrada protested the arrest by staging what they called "EDSA 3." It lasted for nearly four days. It was reported that most of these people were "paid" to go to EDSA by public officials who are close allies with the former president. They demanded Estrada's return to power even though there is absolutely no constitutional way he can return to office. Prominent allies of Estrada in politics persuaded the protestors to march towards Malacanang. However, they abandoned these rowdy rallyists afterwards. At early morning of May 1, pro-Estrada rallyists marched to Malacanang and attempted to enter the residential palace. Military men have already barricaded it, and using maximum tolerance, made the unruly pro-Estrada crowd retreat. The supporters of Estrada created a riot by throwing rocks, burning cars, destroying police stations, hurting policemen and even news reporters. They failed in their endeavor to bring Estrada back to power. They, along with other prominent Estrada allies who persuaded them to march to Malacanang were accused of “rebellion”. By the unquestionably rude and violent actions perpetrated by these Estrada supporters, this gathering cannot be truly called EDSA 3 because rallies in EDSA are always characterized by peaceful, non-violent protests.
1.) Explain the main difference between individual decision making process vs. organization decision making process. Individual making process influenes people around them.Making decisions are made by involving everyone else in the community 2.) Explain the concept of demorcracy. Choose any government organization and explain how democracy is implemented in that department. Engraved in the facade of the Cebu provincial capitol building are the words that state that: Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them. This quotation is the essence of a democratic state government. That being the case, the full ambit of such a principle is stated in the Constitution of the United States that when a government becomes inimical to the interests of the people, it is the right of the people to change or abolish that government (or words to that effect). Revolutions are therefore a recognized radical mode of changing even a democratically elected government. There is a caveat that those who engage in revolutions or coups supported by the people better make sure that their extraordinary exercise of that inherent right succeeds in the toppling over of the government. In which case the people who led the revolution become the heroes, and those who were ousted end up as the losers. In ancient times, the losers even lost their heads as in the French revolution which ended with the execution of King Louis XVI and his Queen Marie Antoinette. In that revolution, the original leaders also lost theirs via the guillotine when they started fighting each other ie. from my unrealiable memory some of them were Danton, Marat, and Robes Pierre. The saying Liberty, how many crimes have been committed in thy name! originated from that revolution. To stop the chaos and instability, the revolutionary council appointed a Corsican officer of the army who forthwith installed artillery in the street corners of Paris. He instructed the soldiers to fire at any rioters. That action restored stability. The officers name, was Napoleon Bonaparte. The French revolutions aim was to establish a government of liberty, fraternity, and equality as opposed to the absolute powers of the King. 3.) Explain how a crowd becomes a mob which turns into a riot. An acting crowd turning violent is called a mob. Due to intense emotion of the crowd, the mob tends to dissipate quickly.Riot is a crowd without any particular purpose, a social eruption that is highly emotional, violent, and undirected. Crowd through distinguished from one another depending on type or kind can shift from one type to another. Spectators in an UAAP game might start as an expressive crowd, but as the games progresses and their emotions are fed by each others' promptings, this type might evolve into an acting crowd espacially when thery perceive that the games authorities are favoring one team against the other. 4.) Site an example that will demonstrate either possitive or negative effects of media in culture. Philippine police have stormed a hijacked bus and shot dead a former police officer who had taken a group of Hong Kong tourists hostage. This demonstrate a negative effect on the Philippine culture.
The relationship between the chinese and the filipinos is greatly affected by this incident.
Baniqued, Michael Ronald J. BS-Scholar/HRM
chapter 8 1.) Observe a primary and secondary group in the campus and document the manner of interactions of the individuals within. Take note of the behaviors and actions that connote each of the elements of primary and secondary groups. The HRM basketball team are considered as primary group.Some elements of primary groups that I observed are: -they tend to be small and are ordinarily composed of fewer than 15 to 20 individuals;-interaction and communication among members in the basketball team tend to be of an intimate and personal nature;-members commonly develop strong emotion bonds with other members; and-they generally persist over extensive periods of time. Gamers in DOTA are considered as secondary group.These, unlike primary groups, members do not share intimate, personal relationships.Sometimes members of said secondary groups do not even know each other, or have not even met each other or experienced close face-to-face interactions 2.) Choose an office in the university organization and analyze when, where and how the dysfunctionalities of bureaucracy are exhibited in this office. Make recommendations to reduce if not eliminate these dysfunctionalities. The Unified Bartenders Association (TUBA)I noticed that they are having a hard time performing their division of labor. Written rules and regulations sets limits or bounderies to them. Impersonality is one of the issues that should not be ignored, they perform their functions without regard to personal consideration of people as individuals but sometimes it cant be helped. I strongly recomend that they must try not to exhibit the dysfunctionalities of bureaucracy in order to function properly as a group and as an organization. chapter 9 1.) Watch the movie "Titanic". Observe and study the passengers' behavior during the incident of the sinking of the cruise ship and discuss their behavior using your knowledge about panic and mass hysteria.
According to Tischler, quoting Janis and his colleagues, people do not panic unless four conditions are met.First, people must feel that they are trapped in a life-threatening situation. Second, they must perceive a threat to their safety that is so large that they do little else but try to escape. Third, they must realize that their escape routes are limited or inaccessible. and last. ther must be breakdown of communication between the front and rear of the crowd. As I observed from the film "Titanic", the crowd begins to panic at the moment they realize that their life is in danger beacause the ship suddenly became unstable. The crowd began to panic and done everything to escape from the ship. Mass Hysteria occurs when large numbers of people are overwhelmed with emotion and frenzied activity or become convinced that ther experienced something that ivestigators can fin no discernible evidence. 2.) Read thoroughly about EDSA 2 Revolution. Collect as many information as possible about event. Collect news clippings related to the event and use these to discuss the development of EDSA 2 with the help of the Value-Added Theory of Neil Smelser. Be sure to identify the events corresponding to the conditions of the value-added theory. Value-Added Theory is developed by Neil Smelser. Value Added Theory attempts to explain whether collective behavior will occur and what direction it will take Smelser explains that collectivities emerge as a product of the combination of six conditions. These are structural conduciveness, structural strain, growth and spread of generalized belief, precipitating factor, mobilization for action and mechanism of social control. October 16, 2000Governor Chavit Singson of Ilocus Sur, a presidential friend and known protector of illegal numbers game called jueteng, accuses the president of the republic of the Philippines, Joseph Estrada, as the "lord of all jueteng lords" for receiving 5 million pesos protection money from jueteng every month during his term of presidency. He also accuses the president of receiving kickbacks from 170 million pesos excise tobacco tax.October 17, 2000Clamor for Erap's resignation starts. Political and economic crisis worsens.November 13, 2000The House of Representatives files an impeachment case against the president on the grounds of bribery, graft and corruption, betrayal of public trust, and culpable violation of the Constitution.
November 14, 2000National Day of Protest, lead by Manila Archbishop Jaime Cardinal Sin, is conducted and calls for the president to resign for loss of moral ascendancy and incompetence in handling the country during the economic crisis, December 7, 2000 The Impeachment Trial starts. The Chief Justice of the Philippines, Hilario Davide Jr., is the presiding officer and the 22 members of the Senate are the judges. A verdict of conviction from 15 senators is needed to remove the president from office.December 22, 2000
During the impeachment trial, a bank executive testifies that Estrada has a hidden bank account in the Equitable-PCI Bank containing 500 million pesos (an amount not stated in Estrada's Statement of Assets and Liabilities) using a different name, which is "Jose Velarde." The defense objects to the testimony on the grounds of irrelevancy and immateriality because the said allegation is not included in the Articles of Impeachment. The presiding officer overrules the objection, however, he insists that the testimony will be accepted as evidence only after the prosecution proves that the 500 million pesos contained in that bank account is indeed ill-gotten money.January 4, 2001Two days after the trial resumed from a week-long Christmas break, former Finance Department Secretary and colleague of the president, Edgardo Espiritu, testifies that the accusations alleged in the Articles of Impeachment with regards to the president's betrayal of public trust, are undeniably true.January 16, 2001A new set of evidence inside a BROWN ENVELOPE is voluntarily given by a bank for the impeachment trial. The new set of evidence is said to prove that the 500 million pesos on a hidden bank account is ill-gotten and belongs to Estrada. It is also said to prove that the president owns more hidden bank accounts, all under different names. The prosecutors are told that the amount contained in the various hidden bank accounts totals to 3.3 billion pesos. Unfortunately, majority of the senators/judges (11 out of 21) votes to bar the opening of the mysterious BROWN ENVELOPE on the grounds of immateriality (not being included in the Articles of Impeachment). Prosecutors interpret the decision as a suppression of truth and an early sign of an acquittal verdict for the president. They walk-out of the courtroom. Anti-Estrada spectators in the courtroom walk-out too. The senator-judges who voted to withold the opening of the brown envelope:Nikki Coseteng, Juan Ponce Enrile, Gregorio Honasan, Robert Jaworski, Ramon Revilla Sr., Blas Ople, Tessie Aquino-Oreta, John Osmena, Miriam Defensor-Santiago, Vicente Sotto, Francisco Tatad The senator-judges who voted to open the brown envelope:Rene Cayetano, Franklin Drilon, Juan Flavier, Teofisto Guingona Jr., Loren Legarda, Ramon Magsaysay Jr., Sergio Osmena, Aquilino Pimentel, Raul Roco, Rodolfo Biazon. Senator Robert Barbers is not present during the entire impeachment trial due to his confinement in a US hospital. 11:00 PM Militant groups, the civil society, left-wing groups, and a large anti-Estrada crowd unites in protest against the decision of the 11 senator-judges to bar the evidence. They gather in the EDSA Shrine, located on the intersection of Ortigas Avenue and Epifanio de los Santos Advenue (EDSA) in Quezon City. Jaime Cardinal Sin, a prominent figure during the widely popular1986 EDSA People Power, once again, calls on Filipinos to proceed to EDSA and stay there until, using his own words, "good has conquered evil". EDSA People Power II is formally launched. Other key figures in the 1986 EDSA People Power join the growing crowd in EDSA, like former presidents Corazon Aquino and Fidel Ramos.January 17, 2001 EDSA People Power II: DAY ONEThe impeachment trial is adjourned because of the prosecutors' resignation. Date of the trial's resumption is left undecided.A crowd numbering to 100,000 is already in EDSA.January 18, 2001 EDSA People Power II: DAY TWOThe number of people in EDSA triples. They form a "Human Chain" from EDSA Shrine in Ortigas Avenue to Ayala Avenue in Makati City. This is to show Estrada that hundreds of thousands of people are already demanding his resignation.
More and more prominent personalities and even friends and former colleagues in the entertainment business of the president are already calling for him to step down from office. Talks about the military's and police's withdrawal of support to the president spread. January 19, 2001 EDSA People Power II: DAY THREENews about withdrawals of support to the president of the military and police is confirmed as high ranking military and police officials join the crowd protesting in EDSA. The military's and police's withdrawals of their support are key factors in making a president incapable of performing his duties. More than half of the president's cabinet members and a number of top government officials withdraw their support too and join the rally in EDSA.. All of these withdrawals of support give a big boost to the anti-Estrada crowd gathered in EDSA. Number of people rallying in EDSA, is believed to have already reached nearly two million. And yours truly is proud to be one of them!5:00 PM Estrada, for the first time in the last four days, is on television. Estrada addresses the entire nation and insists that he will not resign and would like the impeachment trial to go on. He adds that he already instructed his lawyers to allow the opening of the mysterious BROWN ENVELOPE. He stresses-out that only a conviction verdict from the impeachment trial would force him out of office. However, the people, with absolutely no hesitations, rejects Estrada's proposal. 6:15 PM Estrada is again on television addressing the nation, not his resignation, but a proposal to include a presidential snap election in the upcoming May congressional and local elections. In addition, he promises not to run in this special election. As expected, the nearly two million EDSA crowd, junk the proposal and instead give the president a 6:00 AM deadline to leave office. If he insists on staying, the crowd will march to Malacanang, and force him out.January 20, 2001 EDSA People Power II: DAY FOURAmidst negotiations for a peaceful transition of power, the 6:00 AM deadline is not met. About one-third of the people in EDSA, march to Malacanang and occupies Mendiola, a street near Malacanang, where a measly group of an estimated 500 Estrada supporters were gathered but forced to retreat. Despite the president's resistance to resign, the Supreme Court makes a unanimous decision to file a resolution declaring the position of president vacant therefore allowing the constitutionally-mandated successor, the vice-president, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, to take over. At exactly 12:00 noon, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo takes her oath of office in the presence of the countless people in EDSA and becomes the 14th president of the Republic of the Philippines. Afterwards, she gives a 14-minute inauguration speech. The joyfulness of the crowd is indescribable. 2:00 PM Ousted president Estrada sends a letter to the media stating his doubts on the constitutionality of Gloria Arroyo's proclamation as president. However, he also states in the said letter that he doesn't wish to be a negative factor in the 'healing process' of the country, so he already stepped down from office. Once again, the Filipinos have shown to the entire world their sense of unity for peaceful & non-violent protests! The sipirt of EDSA lives on! Weeks after EDSA 2, Estrada insisted that he never really resigned and therefore is still the president of the republic. He added that Gloria Arroyo is merely an acting president. Estrada insisted on these in order to gain immunity from the plunder and other criminal charges filed against him. The law states that the president of the Philippines and other high ranking public officials have immunity from criminal charges filed against them until their term expires. However, the Justices of the Supreme Court, basing from the actions of the former president during his last hours in Malacanang, unanimously agreed that he undoubtedly resigned from office and because of this, he is no longer the president and no longer enjoys immunity from criminal charges filed against him. Estrada appealed the supreme court's decision, but the appeal was unanimously denied.
During the last week of April 2001, Estrada was arrested for plunder charges. The supporters of Estrada protested the arrest by staging what they called "EDSA 3." It lasted for nearly four days. It was reported that most of these people were "paid" to go to EDSA by public officials who are close allies with the former president. They demanded Estrada's return to power even though there is absolutely no constitutional way he can return to office. Prominent allies of Estrada in politics persuaded the protestors to march towards Malacanang. However, they abandoned these rowdy rallyists afterwards. At early morning of May 1, pro-Estrada rallyists marched to Malacanang and attempted to enter the residential palace. Military men have already barricaded it, and using maximum tolerance, made the unruly pro-Estrada crowd retreat. The supporters of Estrada created a riot by throwing rocks, burning cars, destroying police stations, hurting policemen and even news reporters. They failed in their endeavor to bring Estrada back to power. They, along with other prominent Estrada allies who persuaded them to march to Malacanang were accused of “rebellion”. By the unquestionably rude and violent actions perpetrated by these Estrada supporters, this gathering cannot be truly called EDSA 3 because rallies in EDSA are always characterized by peaceful, non-violent protests.
Cultural Anthropology
1.) Explain the main difference between individual decision making process vs. organization decision making process. Individual making process influenes people around them.Making decisions are made by involving everyone else in the community 2.) Explain the concept of demorcracy. Choose any government organization and explain how democracy is implemented in that department. Engraved in the facade of the Cebu provincial capitol building are the words that state that: Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them. This quotation is the essence of a democratic state government. That being the case, the full ambit of such a principle is stated in the Constitution of the United States that when a government becomes inimical to the interests of the people, it is the right of the people to change or abolish that government (or words to that effect). Revolutions are therefore a recognized radical mode of changing even a democratically elected government. There is a caveat that those who engage in revolutions or coups supported by the people better make sure that their extraordinary exercise of that inherent right succeeds in the toppling over of the government. In which case the people who led the revolution become the heroes, and those who were ousted end up as the losers. In ancient times, the losers even lost their heads as in the French revolution which ended with the execution of King Louis XVI and his Queen Marie Antoinette. In that revolution, the original leaders also lost theirs via the guillotine when they started fighting each other ie. from my unrealiable memory some of them were Danton, Marat, and Robes Pierre. The saying Liberty, how many crimes have been committed in thy name! originated from that revolution. To stop the chaos and instability, the revolutionary council appointed a Corsican officer of the army who forthwith installed artillery in the street corners of Paris. He instructed the soldiers to fire at any rioters. That action restored stability. The officers name, was Napoleon Bonaparte. The French revolutions aim was to establish a government of liberty, fraternity, and equality as opposed to the absolute powers of the King.
3.) Explain how a crowd becomes a mob which turns into a riot. An acting crowd turning violent is called a mob. Due to intense emotion of the crowd, the mob tends to dissipate quickly.Riot is a crowd without any particular purpose, a social eruption that is highly emotional, violent, and undirected. Crowd through distinguished from one another depending on type or kind can shift from one type to another. Spectators in an UAAP game might start as an expressive crowd, but as the games progresses and their emotions are fed by each others' promptings, this type might evolve into an acting crowd espacially when thery perceive that the games authorities are favoring one team against the other. 4.) Site an example that will demonstrate either possitive or negative effects of media in culture. Philippine police have stormed a hijacked bus and shot dead a former police officer who had taken a group of Hong Kong tourists hostage. This demonstrate a negative effect on the Philippine culture.The relationship between the chinese and the filipinos is greatly affected by this incident.
Epong, Christian John L.
chapter 8 1.) Observe a primary and secondary group in the campus and document the manner of interactions of the individuals within. Take note of the behaviors and actions that connote each of the elements of primary and secondary groups. The HRM basketball team are considered as primary group.
Some elements of primary groups that I observed are: -they tend to be small and are ordinarily composed of fewer than 15 to 20 individuals;-interaction and communication among members in the basketball team tend to be of an intimate and personal nature;-members commonly develop strong emotion bonds with other members; and-they generally persist over extensive periods of time. Gamers in DOTA are considered as secondary group.These, unlike primary groups, members do not share intimate, personal relationships.Sometimes members of said secondary groups do not even know each other, or have not even met each other or experienced close face-to-face interactions 2.) Choose an office in the university organization and analyze when, where and how the dysfunctionalities of bureaucracy are exhibited in this office. Make recommendations to reduce if not eliminate these dysfunctionalities. The Unified Bartenders Association (TUBA)I noticed that they are having a hard time performing their division of labor. Written rules and regulations sets limits or bounderies to them. Impersonality is one of the issues that should not be ignored, they perform their functions without regard to personal consideration of people as individuals but sometimes it cant be helped. I strongly recomend that they must try not to exhibit the dysfunctionalities of bureaucracy in order to function properly as a group and as an organization. chapter 9 1.) Watch the movie "Titanic". Observe and study the passengers' behavior during the incident of the sinking of the cruise ship and discuss their behavior using your knowledge about panic and mass hysteria. According to Tischler, quoting Janis and his colleagues, people do not panic unless four conditions are met.First, people must feel that they are trapped in a life-threatening situation. Second, they must perceive a threat to their safety that is so large that they do little else but try to escape. Third, they must realize that their escape routes are limited or inaccessible. and last. ther must be breakdown of communication between the front and rear of the crowd. As I observed from the film "Titanic", the crowd begins to panic at the moment they realize that their life is in danger beacause the ship suddenly became unstable. The crowd began to panic and done everything to escape from the ship. Mass Hysteria occurs when large numbers of people are overwhelmed with emotion and frenzied activity or become convinced that ther experienced something that ivestigators can fin no discernible evidence. 2.) Read thoroughly about EDSA 2 Revolution. Collect as many information as possible about event. Collect news clippings related to the event and use these to discuss the development of
EDSA 2 with the help of the Value-Added Theory of Neil Smelser. Be sure to identify the events corresponding to the conditions of the value-added theory. Value-Added Theory is developed by Neil Smelser. Value Added Theory attempts to explain whether collective behavior will occur and what direction it will take Smelser explains that collectivities emerge as a product of the combination of six conditions. These are structural conduciveness, structural strain, growth and spread of generalized belief, precipitating factor, mobilization for action and mechanism of social control. October 16, 2000Governor Chavit Singson of Ilocus Sur, a presidential friend and known protector of illegal numbers game called jueteng, accuses the president of the republic of the Philippines, Joseph Estrada, as the "lord of all jueteng lords" for receiving 5 million pesos protection money from jueteng every month during his term of presidency. He also accuses the president of receiving kickbacks from 170 million pesos excise tobacco tax.October 17, 2000Clamor for Erap's resignation starts. Political and economic crisis worsens.November 13, 2000The House of Representatives files an impeachment case against the president on the grounds of bribery, graft and corruption, betrayal of public trust, and culpable violation of the Constitution.
November 14, 2000National Day of Protest, lead by Manila Archbishop Jaime Cardinal Sin, is conducted and calls for the president to resign for loss of moral ascendancy and incompetence in handling the country during the economic crisis, December 7, 2000 The Impeachment Trial starts. The Chief Justice of the Philippines, Hilario Davide Jr., is the presiding officer and the 22 members of the Senate are the judges. A verdict of conviction from 15 senators is needed to remove the president from office.December 22, 2000During the impeachment trial, a bank executive testifies that Estrada has a hidden bank account in the Equitable-PCI Bank containing 500 million pesos (an amount not stated in Estrada's Statement of Assets and Liabilities) using a different name, which is "Jose Velarde." The defense objects to the testimony on the grounds of irrelevancy and immateriality because the said allegation is not included in the Articles of Impeachment. The presiding officer overrules the objection, however, he insists that the testimony will be accepted as evidence only after the prosecution proves that the 500 million pesos contained in that bank account is indeed ill-gotten money.January 4, 2001Two days after the trial resumed from a week-long Christmas break, former Finance Department Secretary and colleague of the president, Edgardo Espiritu, testifies that the accusations alleged in the Articles of Impeachment with regards to the president's betrayal of public trust, are undeniably true.January 16, 2001A new set of evidence inside a BROWN ENVELOPE is voluntarily given by a bank for the impeachment trial. The new set of evidence is said to prove that the 500 million pesos on a hidden bank account is ill-gotten and belongs to Estrada. It is also said to prove that the president owns more hidden bank accounts, all under different names. The prosecutors are told that the amount contained in the various hidden bank accounts totals to 3.3 billion pesos. Unfortunately, majority of the senators/judges (11 out of 21) votes to bar the opening of the mysterious BROWN
ENVELOPE on the grounds of immateriality (not being included in the Articles of Impeachment). Prosecutors interpret the decision as a suppression of truth and an early sign of an acquittal verdict for the president. They walk-out of the courtroom. Anti-Estrada spectators in the courtroom walk-out too. The senator-judges who voted to withold the opening of the brown envelope:Nikki Coseteng, Juan Ponce Enrile, Gregorio Honasan, Robert Jaworski, Ramon Revilla Sr., Blas Ople, Tessie Aquino-Oreta, John Osmena, Miriam Defensor-Santiago, Vicente Sotto, Francisco Tatad The senator-judges who voted to open the brown envelope:Rene Cayetano, Franklin Drilon, Juan Flavier, Teofisto Guingona Jr., Loren Legarda, Ramon Magsaysay Jr., Sergio Osmena, Aquilino Pimentel, Raul Roco, Rodolfo Biazon. Senator Robert Barbers is not present during the entire impeachment trial due to his confinement in a US hospital. 11:00 PM Militant groups, the civil society, left-wing groups, and a large anti-Estrada crowd unites in protest against the decision of the 11 senator-judges to bar the evidence. They gather in the EDSA Shrine, located on the intersection of Ortigas Avenue and Epifanio de los Santos Advenue (EDSA) in Quezon City. Jaime Cardinal Sin, a prominent figure during the widely popular1986 EDSA People Power, once again, calls on Filipinos to proceed to EDSA and stay there until, using his own words, "good has conquered evil". EDSA People Power II is formally launched. Other key figures in the 1986 EDSA People Power join the growing crowd in EDSA, like former presidents Corazon Aquino and Fidel Ramos.January 17, 2001 EDSA People Power II: DAY ONEThe impeachment trial is adjourned because of the prosecutors' resignation. Date of the trial's resumption is left undecided.A crowd numbering to 100,000 is already in EDSA.January 18, 2001 EDSA People Power II: DAY TWOThe number of people in EDSA triples. They form a "Human Chain" from EDSA Shrine in Ortigas Avenue to Ayala Avenue in Makati City. This is to show Estrada that hundreds of thousands of people are already demanding his resignation. More and more prominent personalities and even friends and former colleagues in the entertainment business of the president are already calling for him to step down from office. Talks about the military's and police's withdrawal of support to the president spread. January 19, 2001 EDSA People Power II: DAY THREENews about withdrawals of support to the president of the military and police is confirmed as high ranking military and police officials join the crowd protesting in EDSA. The military's and police's withdrawals of their support are key factors in making a president incapable of performing his duties. More than half of the president's cabinet members and a number of top government officials withdraw their support too and join the rally in EDSA.. All of these withdrawals of support give a big boost to the anti-Estrada crowd gathered in EDSA. Number of people rallying in EDSA, is believed to have already reached nearly two million. And yours truly is proud to be one of them!5:00 PM Estrada, for the first time in the last four days, is on television. Estrada addresses the entire nation and insists that he will not resign and would like the impeachment trial to go on. He adds that he already instructed his lawyers to allow the opening of the mysterious BROWN ENVELOPE. He stresses-out that only a conviction verdict from the impeachment trial would force him out of office. However, the people, with absolutely no hesitations, rejects Estrada's proposal. 6:15 PM Estrada is again on television addressing the nation, not his resignation, but a proposal to include a presidential snap election in the upcoming May congressional and local elections. In addition, he promises not to run in this special election. As expected, the nearly two million EDSA
crowd, junk the proposal and instead give the president a 6:00 AM deadline to leave office. If he insists on staying, the crowd will march to Malacanang, and force him out.January 20, 2001 EDSA People Power II: DAY FOURAmidst negotiations for a peaceful transition of power, the 6:00 AM deadline is not met. About one-third of the people in EDSA, march to Malacanang and occupies Mendiola, a street near Malacanang, where a measly group of an estimated 500 Estrada supporters were gathered but forced to retreat. Despite the president's resistance to resign, the Supreme Court makes a unanimous decision to file a resolution declaring the position of president vacant therefore allowing the constitutionally-mandated successor, the vice-president, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, to take over. At exactly 12:00 noon, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo takes her oath of office in the presence of the countless people in EDSA and becomes the 14th president of the Republic of the Philippines. Afterwards, she gives a 14-minute inauguration speech. The joyfulness of the crowd is indescribable. 2:00 PM Ousted president Estrada sends a letter to the media stating his doubts on the constitutionality of Gloria Arroyo's proclamation as president. However, he also states in the said letter that he doesn't wish to be a negative factor in the 'healing process' of the country, so he already stepped down from office. Once again, the Filipinos have shown to the entire world their sense of unity for peaceful & non-violent protests! The sipirt of EDSA lives on! Weeks after EDSA 2, Estrada insisted that he never really resigned and therefore is still the president of the republic. He added that Gloria Arroyo is merely an acting president. Estrada insisted on these in order to gain immunity from the plunder and other criminal charges filed against him. The law states that the president of the Philippines and other high ranking public officials have immunity from criminal charges filed against them until their term expires. However, the Justices of the Supreme Court, basing from the actions of the former president during his last hours in Malacanang, unanimously agreed that he undoubtedly resigned from office and because of this, he is no longer the president and no longer enjoys immunity from criminal charges filed against him. Estrada appealed the supreme court's decision, but the appeal was unanimously denied. During the last week of April 2001, Estrada was arrested for plunder charges. The supporters of Estrada protested the arrest by staging what they called "EDSA 3." It lasted for nearly four days. It was reported that most of these people were "paid" to go to EDSA by public officials who are close allies with the former president. They demanded Estrada's return to power even though there is absolutely no constitutional way he can return to office. Prominent allies of Estrada in politics persuaded the protestors to march towards Malacanang. However, they abandoned these rowdy rallyists afterwards. At early morning of May 1, pro-Estrada rallyists marched to Malacanang and attempted to enter the residential palace. Military men have already barricaded it, and using maximum tolerance, made the unruly pro-Estrada crowd retreat. The supporters of Estrada created a riot by throwing rocks, burning cars, destroying police stations, hurting policemen and even news reporters. They failed in their endeavor to bring Estrada back to power. They, along with other prominent Estrada allies who persuaded them to march to Malacanang were accused of “rebellion”. By the unquestionably rude and violent actions perpetrated by these Estrada supporters, this gathering cannot be truly called EDSA 3 because rallies in EDSA are always characterized by peaceful, non-violent protests.
Cultural Anthropology
1.) Explain the main difference between individual decision making process vs. organization decision making process. Individual making process influenes people around them.Making decisions are made by involving everyone else in the community 2.) Explain the concept of demorcracy. Choose any government organization and explain how democracy is implemented in that department. Engraved in the facade of the Cebu provincial capitol building are the words that state that: Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them. This quotation is the essence of a democratic state government. That being the case, the full ambit of such a principle is stated in the Constitution of the United States that when a government becomes inimical to the interests of the people, it is the right of the people to change or abolish that government (or words to that effect). Revolutions are therefore a recognized radical mode of changing even a democratically elected government. There is a caveat that those who engage in revolutions or coups supported by the people better make sure that their extraordinary exercise of that inherent right succeeds in the toppling over of the government. In which case the people who led the revolution become the heroes, and those who were ousted end up as the losers. In ancient times, the losers even lost their heads as in the French revolution which ended with the execution of King Louis XVI and his Queen Marie Antoinette. In that revolution, the original leaders also lost theirs via the guillotine when they started fighting each other ie. from my unrealiable memory some of them were Danton, Marat, and Robes Pierre. The saying Liberty, how many crimes have been committed in thy name! originated from that revolution. To stop the chaos and instability, the revolutionary council appointed a Corsican officer of the army who forthwith installed artillery in the street corners of Paris. He instructed the soldiers to fire at any rioters. That action restored stability. The officers name, was Napoleon Bonaparte. The French revolutions aim was to establish a government of liberty, fraternity, and equality as opposed to the absolute powers of the King. 3.) Explain how a crowd becomes a mob which turns into a riot. An acting crowd turning violent is called a mob. Due to intense emotion of the crowd, the mob tends to dissipate quickly.Riot is a crowd without any particular purpose, a social eruption that is highly emotional, violent, and undirected. Crowd through distinguished from one another depending on type or kind can shift from one type to another. Spectators in an UAAP game might start as an expressive crowd, but as the games progresses and their emotions are fed by each others' promptings, this type might evolve into an acting crowd espacially when thery perceive that the games authorities are favoring one team against the other. 4.) Site an example that will demonstrate either possitive or negative effects of media in culture. Philippine police have stormed a hijacked bus and shot dead a former police officer who had taken a group of Hong Kong tourists hostage. This demonstrate a negative effect on the Philippine culture.The relationship between the chinese and the filipinos is greatly affected by this incident.
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