Digestive Ss

7/17/2019 Digestive Ss

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dr. Susianti, M.Sc



Digestive system consist of: Digestive tract

Its associated glands

The function :obtain from ingested food the molecules

necessary for maintenance, growth, and

energy needs of the body



GENERAL FEATURES

Oral cavity

Oral pharyn

!sophagus

Stomach

Small intestine

"arge intestine

#ectum

$nal canal

A. Components



% &oncentric layers:

Mucosa

Submucosa Muscularis e'sterna

Serosa ( adventitia

B. General SructuralFeatures



Structure of the Gastrointestinal Tract



Schematic structure of a portion of the digestivetract with various components and their functions.



Digestion

$bsorption

!cretion

!ndocrine

Innervation

)lood supply

*rotection

C. General FunctionalFeatures



Mucosa: "ining epithelium: +on'eratinied stratified s-uamous

epthelium

"amina propria: ascular connective tissue, has nomuscular

Submucosa: fibrous connective tissue, small

salivary glands

S'eletal muscle

)one

ORAL CAVITY

A. all Structure



Transition: +on'eratinied mucous

membrane 'eratinied stratified

s-uamous epithelium of the s'in

B. Lips



6. Border of thelip, transitonzone7. Neurovascularbundle

8. Orbicularisoris muscle

. !pidermis"#. $ermis

"". Sebaceous%land

"&. 'air follicles

"(. !rector muscle)arrector pillimuscle*

"+. Seat %land - ductand secretin%portions

". !rector muscle)arrector pili muscle*

". !pithelium of thelabial mucosa

&. /amina propriaof labial

mucosa

(. Superficial arter0

+. /abial mucous%lands of the

mucosa - alveoliand duct

. 1ein

Lip (Longitudinal Section)Lip (Longitudinal Section)



Mass of s'eletal muscle covered by mucosa "ittle or no submucosa Muscle is arranged in bundles of muscle fibers,

separated by connective tissue and cross each

other in / planes Mucosa:

entral: non'eratinied stratified s-uamous epithelium Dorsal: partly 'eratinied stratified s-uamous epithelium

$nterior two0thirds of the dorsal: 0shapedgroove

C. Ton!ue



8. Nerves

. 2rteriole

"#. 1enule

"". Serous alveoli

"&. 3nterlobularducts

"(. 4ucous alveoli

"+. !5cretor0 duct". 1enule

"6. 2rterioles

"7. Nerve

"8. 4ucosa -epithelium andlamina propria

". 4ucosa -epitheliumand laminapropria

&. 4uscle(. 4uscle

+. un%iformpapilla -epitheliumand laminapropria . 4uscle

6. iliform papillae

7. un%iform papillae

Tongue : ApexTongue : Apex



1. Mucosal ridges

2. Diffuse lymphatictissue

3. Adipose cells

4. Mucous alveoli(posterior lingualglands)

5. !eletal muscle(o.s)

". #pithelium andlamina propria ofmucosal fold

$. #%cretory duct

&. Arteriole andvenule

'. erve (l.s)

1. !eletal muscle(l.s)

TongueTongue



The anterior two0thirds of the dorsal surface

has many papillae % types of papillae:

Filiform papillae

Fungiform papillae

Folliate papillae

Circumvallate papillae



Surface of tongue on the region close to its V – shaped oundar!

etween the anterior and posterior portions. "serve the l!mphoidnodules# lingual tonsils# glands and papillae.

Surface of tongue on the region close to its V – shaped oundar!etween the anterior and posterior portions. "serve the l!mphoid

nodules# lingual tonsils# glands and papillae.



Incisors

&anines 1cuspids2 *remolars 1bicuspids2

Molar 1tricuspids2

TEET" AN# ASSOCIATE#STRUCTURES

A. Toot$ s$ape



3uman adults: 3ave /4 permanent teeth

15 teeth each -uadrant2

Dental formula: 4 incisors, 6 canine, 4premolars, / molars

Deciduous 1baby2 teeth: 47 teeth 1no molars2

B. %ermanent an&#eci&uous Teet$



&rown 1corona2

#oot 1radi2

+ec' 1cervi2

*ulp &avity

Dentin Hydroxyapatite

Odontoblasts: Tomes

fibers Predentin

Matrix

!namel Mineral salts: 95

!melogenins " enamelins

#namel rods:interrodenamel

!meloblasts: Tomes

process

Matrix

&ementum

C. Toot$ Structure



&rown

Odontoblasts

#oot

!namel

Dentin

&uticle+ec'*ulp

$lveolar bone

*eriodontal ligament

8ingiva

#oot canal&ementum

$pical foramen

$iagram of a sagittal section from an incisor

tooth in position in the mandiular one

$iagram of a sagittal section from an incisor

tooth in position in the mandiular one



*eriodontal ligament

$lveolar bone

8ingiva 1gums2

#. Associate& Structures



Superior: #espiratory pharyn

Inferior: Oral pharyn 1oropharyn2

"ined by non'eratinied stratified s-uamousepithelium

&ontain the palatine and pharyngeal tonsils

Many small subepithelial mucous glands

S'eletal muscle: as circular pharyngeal

constrictors and longitudinal pharyngeal muscles

%"ARYN'



"ong, narrow, muscular tubes

Mucosa: +on'eratinied stratified s-uamous

epithelium

"amina propria: interdigitate with basal of

epithelium and muscularis mucosae.

Submucosa: !sophageal glands

Muscularis eterna: s'eletal and smooth muscle

Outer surface: adventitia and serosa

ESO%"AGUS



Oesopha%us



1. tratified s*uamous

epithelium2. +amina propria

3. Muscularis mucosae(smooth muscle)

4. u,mucosa

5. -ircular musclelayer (s!eletal)

". -onnective tissue,eteen muscle layers

$. +ongitudinal musclelayer (s!eletal)

&. Adventitia

'. +ymphatic nodule

1. Duct passing throughmuscularis mucosae

11. Mucos alveoli(esophageal glands)

12. Ducts13. Arteriole and venule

14. Adipose cells

15. /enule

1". Adipose tissue

1$. Artery

1&. /ein

1'. erves

%pper &sophagus (Transverse Section)%pper &sophagus (Transverse Section)



Gastro Oesopha%eal unction



&omple mucosa: 8astricglands, 40/ layers muscularismucosae, intervening laminapropria

Mucosa and submucosa:rugae flatten

Muscularis eterna: outer

longitudinal, middle circular,inner obli-ue % ma9or regions: cardia,

fundus, body, pylorus

STO(AC"

A. General Structure



Bod0 of the Stomach



"ining of simple collumnar epithelum is

perforated by foveola gastricae

8astric pits Ducts for the gastric glands 8lands:isthmus,straight nec', coiled base

B. Gastric (ucosa



Gastric Bod0 4ucosa8astric pits

&hief cells

Mucus secreting cells

+ec' mucous cells

*arietal cells



The epithelial cell types of

mucosa: Surface mucous cells

ndifferentiated cells

Mucous nec' cells *arietal 1oyntic2 cells

*roduced 3&l

Intrinsic

factor $bsorption it)64

&hief 1ymogenic

cells2 Secrete pepsinogen and

lipase

!nteroendocrine cells



Bod0 of the Stomach - Structure of Glands



&ardia +arrow collarli'e region "amina propria: simple or

branched tubular cardiac

glands ;undus and body

)ody: largest region ;undus: roughly

hemispheric region ;undic glands: parietal and

chief cells Serotonin secreting cells

*ylorus *yloric glands: deep pits

and short glands Mucous secreting cells are

predominate *arietal cell are rare 8astrin secreting cells *yloric sphincter

C. Re!ional #i)erences



0itunction of glandand ,ase of pit+amina propria

landsMuscularis mucosae

-ardia

0it

-ardia

#sophagus

0it

Duodenum0yloricsphincter

ec!

ec!

ase

Body

land

land

+amina propria

+ymphnodule Muscularis

mucosae

u,mucosaPylorus



1. -apillary

2. -apillary

3. /enules

4. Arteriole

5. /enule ith hemolyed ,lood

". Muscularis e%ternal inner layer (smoothmuscle)

$. u,mucosa&. Muscularis mucosae

inner circular and outerlongitudinal layers

'. Artery ith erythrocytes

1. tratified s*uamousepithelium of esophagus

11. #sophageal glands

12. #sophageal cardiac glands

13. Ducts of esophageal gland

14. +amina propria of esophagu

15. Duct of esophageal glands

1". +amina propria of stomac1$. -ardiac glands

1&. astric epithelium

(mucous columnar)

1'. 6oveolae (gastric pits)

2. astric glands

21. -hief cells

22. Mucous nec! cells

ardia (Longitudinal Section)ardia (Longitudinal Section)



1. urface epithelium (mucous

secreting columnar)2. asement mem,rane

3. +amina propria

4. 6oveolae (gastric

pits)

5. astric glands7nec! region

". Mucous nec!cells

$. 0arietal cells

&. 6oveola

'. astric glandopening into foveola

1. astric gland(nec!)

11. +amina propria

12. astric gland7transverse section

13. -hief cells

Stomach : *undus or +od!Stomach : *undus or +od!



3ave the same layers as do the rest of the

tract, ecept duodenum: Distinctive

submucosal 1)runner<s2 glands *licae circulares 1valves of =erc'ring2

S(ALL INTESTINE

A. General Structure

Duodenum, 9e9unum, and ileum



illi Intestinal glands 1crypts of

"ieber'uhn2

!nterocytes 1absorptivecells2 Digestion $bsorption "ipid processing and

chylomicron assembly Transport of smaller

nutrients

8oblet cells M cells *aneth<s cells

!nteroendocrine cells ndifferentiated cells

B. (ucosa o* t$e SmallIntestine



C

Muscularis

mucosae

+amina

propria

lands (crypts)

-ells sloughing off

mooth muscle

-apillary

o,let cells

+ymphatic capillary

triated ,order

mooth muscle

+ymphocytes

mooth muscle

#nteroendocrine cells

+ymphocytes

o,let cells

Mitosis

0aneth cells



DOD!+M: &0shaped first part of the small

intestine, presence of the duodenal 1)runner<s2

glands in the submucosa

>!>+M:3as long leafli'e villi, many plicae

circulares, intermediate number of goblet cells

I"!M: 3as fewer villi, relatively abundant goblet

cells, lamina propria: many lymphoid noduleclusters

C. Re!ional #i)erences



". /inin% epithelium -columnar cells ithstriated bordersand %oblet cells

&. 3ntervillous space

(. 3ntestinal villus

+. 4uscle fibers in avillus. 3ntestinal %landsopenin% intointervillous spaces6. 3ntestinal %lands

7. 3ntestinal %lands

8. $uodenal %lands

. $isplaced fibers ofthe muscularismucosae

"#. 2rteriole"". 1enule

"&. 9aras0mpathetic%an%lion of them0enteric ple5us

"(. 1illi ith core of

lamina propria andmuscle fibers

"+. /amina propriaproper

". 4uscularis mucosae"6. $uodenal %lands

e5tendin% into themucosa

"7. Submucosa ithduodenal %lands

"8. 4uscularise5ternal - innercircular and outerlon%itudinal la0ers

". Serosa )visceralperitoneum*

Small ,ntestine : $uodenum(Longitudinal Section)

Small ,ntestine : $uodenum(Longitudinal Section)

S ll , t ti - ,l

Small ,ntestine : -eunum / ,leum



13. /illus (o.s)

14. -ontracted villus1. /illi (l.s)

2. 8ntervillousspaces

3. 8ntestinal glands(crypts of+ie,er!uhn)

4. #pithelium5. +amina propria

". Muscularis mucosae

$. u,mucosa

&. -ircular musclelayer

'. +ongitudinalmuscle layer

1. erosa

1'. Adipose tissue2. eurovascular ,undle

21. +ymphatic nodule

11. urface epithelium striated 9ordered and go,let cells

12. /illus (t.s)

15. mooth muscle

fi,ers in villi

1". /illi (t.s)

1$. 8ntestinal glands(t.s)

1&. 0arasympatheticganglia of themyentric ple%us

Small ,ntestine : -eunum / ,leumSmall ,ntestine : -eunum / ,leum



&olon<s lining has no folds, ecept in

rectumrectal column 1of Morgagni2

+o villi

!pithelium is simple columnar with a great

abundance of goblet cells

Many deep crypts of "ieber'uhn

LARGE INTESTINE +COLON,

A. (ucosa



3emorrhoidal pleus of veins

/ thic' longitudinal bands: Teniae coli

Many teardrop0shaped adipose0filled

outpoc'etings: $ppendices epiploicae

B. Su-mucosa

C. (uscularis Eterna

#. A&/entitia an& Serosa

L , t ti l (0 ll T S ti )



1. eresa (visceralperitoneum)

2. 0arasympathetic ganglia ofthe myenteric ple%us

3. Arterioles

4. /enules

5. Muscularis e%ternal inner circular layer

". Muscularis e%ternal outer longitudinal layer

$. -apillaries

&. Arteries and vein

'. u,mucosa

1. Muscularis mucosae

11. 0arasympathetic ganglion

12. Arteriole13. erves

15. landular epithelium go,let cells

14. urface epithelium columnar ith striated,orders

1". 8ntestinal glands1$. +ymphatic nodule

1&. erminal center

1'. +amina propria

2. 8ntestinal glands (l.s)

21. 8ntestinal glands (t.s)

22. o,let cells

23. +ymphatic nodule

24. erosa 25. Muscularis e%ternal

2". u,mucosa

2$. Mucosa

Large ,ntestine olon (0all# Transverse Section)Large ,ntestine olon (0all# Transverse Section)



+arrow fingerevagination of theinferior cecum

3as smaller lumen,fewer and shortercrypts, many lymphoidnodules and no teniae

coli

A%%EN#I'



% cm long ;irst 4 cm: typically colonic epithelium with

very short crypts ?hich continous to the anal opening:

replaced by stratified s-uamous epithelium Sebaceous glands, large circumanal

apocrine sweat glands Involuntary and voluntary anal spinchter

ANAL CANAL

Digestive Ss

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