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Maximization of Ethanol Yield and Adsorption of

Heavy Metal Ions by Fruit Peels

Kara Newman Aman MangalmurtiSoh Han WeiLeong Qi Dong

Problems• Bananas are being threatened by various diseases

• Creation of banana waste

• Heavy metals in drinking water threaten well being of people, specifically in countries experiencing industrial growth

• Dependence on fossil fuels may lead to energy shortage

Goals• Determine an order of filtration and ethanol production which

maximizes the efficiency of fruit peels of bananas and mangoes

• Determine which fruit peel, banana or mango, has better ion adsorption capabilities

• Determine which fruit peel has a greater ethanol yield per amount of initial glucose

Questions To Be Answered• Will adsorption of metal ions onto the fruit peel effect the ethanol yield of

the fruit peel?

• Vice Versa: Will initial ethanol production by the fruit peel effect the filtration capability of the fruit peel?

• What protocol will maximize the efficiency of use of the fruit peel?

Method

• Compare different protocols (Protocol A & Protocol B) testing both ethanol production and adsorption capabilities of mangos vs bananas

• Protocol A - Filtration then Ethanol Production

• Protocol B - Ethanol Production then Filtration

Diagram

Procedure• Ethanol Production

• Growth of Z. mobilis

• Immobilization of cells

• Extraction of sugars from fruit peels

• Determination of sugars in extracts

• Ethanol fermentation by immobilized Z. mobilis cells

• Determination of ethanol yield with the dichromate test

• Filtration

• Adsorption of heavy metal ions

• determination of final ion concentration

Progress So Far• Experimental Design has been constructed

• A partial amount of the statistics has beenreviewed

• Project has been separated for collaboration with HCI and AOS

Data• No data has been collected

Problems and Solutions• Original protocols for the project needed standardization for proper

comparisons

• Solution - Procedures are being kept constant

END/Sources

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and Lead from River Water: Preconcentration of Metal Ions with a Fruit Waste. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. Retrieved June 6, 2011, from http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie101499e

Hossain, A.B.M.S. & Fazliny, A.R. (2010). Creation of alternative energy by bio‐ethanol production from pineapple waste and the usage of its properties for engine. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 4(9), 813‐819. Retrieved October 27, 2011 from http://www.academicjournals.org/ajmr/PDF/Pdf2010/4May/Hossain%20and%20Fazliny.pdf

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Tanaka, K., Hilary, Z.D. & Ishizaki, A. (1999). Investigation of the utility of pineapple juice and pineapple waste material as low‐cost substrate for ethanol fermentation by Zymomonas mobilis. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 87(5), 642‐646.

Ban‐Koffi, L. & Han, Y.W. (1990). Alcohol production from pineapple waste. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 6(3), 281‐284. Reddy, L.V., Reddy, O.V.S. & Wee, Y.‐J. (2011). Production of ethanol from mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel by Saccharomyces cerevisiae

CFTRI101. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(20), 4183‐4189. Retrieved October 27, 2011 from http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB/PDF/pdf2011/16May/Reddy%20et%20al.pdf

Isitua, C.C. & Ibeh, I.N. (2010). Novel method of wine production from banana (Musa acuminata) and pineapple (Ananas comosus) wastes. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(44), 7521‐7524.

Nigam, J.N. (2000). Continuous ethanol production from pineapple cannery waste using immobilized yeast cells. Journal of Biotechnology, 80(2), 189‐193. Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 24553 immobilised in k‐carrageenan

• Oberoi, H.S., Vadlani, P.V., Saida, L., Bansal, S., & Hughes, J.D. (2011). Ethanol production from banana peels using statistically optimized simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process. Waste Management, 31(7), 1576-1584. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2011.02.007