Dhiyo naha issue 1 edition 5

Igniting your minds

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Mining Machinery

Follow us at: dhiyonaha.blogspot.com

From the Editor:A golden academic year 2013-14 in the history of JNTUHCEM

welcoming new trends in education with the incoming of new batch of students, ourcollege is inviting new ideas and innovative thoughts from students. The result ofwhich is this book called “Dhiyo-Naha” JNTUH CEM’s first quarterly magazine. It isa work of appreciation which is done with true dedication and strong determinationfrom 5 months by the students. Compiled by the Dhiyo-Naha campus student bodythis is a blend of various topics from all the branches in this college.

This could be integrated as one and presented in front of you without thesupport of encouraging staff and their igniting words that inspire us to do any gooddeed improving our talents. To quote Dr. Kaujala Prasanna Lakshmi, H.O.DMechanical Dept., JNTUHCEM “Education with entertainment in the way ofpositive development of a student to maintain a healthy academic environment inthe college is one of the necessary steps for the development of any college.”

This is a mosaic work of techno stuff, funny facts, education, jobs throughGate, art work, glimpses of past and facts of INDIA. This magazine or the newsletter whatever it might be called as, is not just a book of reference or a collectionof several topics given as per the interest of students, but it can be an archive thatwe can review after a certain time . It also replenishes the glorious memories ofour time.

In this we would specially say about the topic “overview of mining” which ispresented as one of the special highlight discussing about mining and itsimportance and making a commoner aware of it. This topic is also presented as asuggestive article and knowledge providing report regarding various opportunitiesfor many of the students about the advantages in opting for Mining Engineering.

Showing concern as responsible citizens towards global warming due toconventional power production, we have given information regarding one of thealternate power source i.e., Tidal Power in enhancing the use of alternate sourcesThis not only improves environment problems upto a certain extent but alsoincreases employment opportunities. Also provides a solution to the areas thatlack electricity that is being practiced in several areas of the country.

As a college that is pioneering in collecting and utilizing the advances ofknowledge and technology, we have put in our efforts to bring out the best output.We have also show-cased a few galleries of our college events; hope you all likeviewing our collection.

Word from the Chief Editors:This is a just a beginning, an attempt to discover the inner innovative talents ofthe students, we are happy about the work done. We are very glad that studentshave come forward in sharing their ideas and works with us. Hoping for aexuberant response from the students.

“Education withentertainment inthe way ofpositivedevelopment ofa student tomaintain ahealthyacademicenvironment incollege is one ofthe necessarysteps for thedevelopment ofany college.”

“This magazine is not just a book of a collection of several topics given asper the interest of students but it can be an archive that we can reviewafter a certain time.” Prof. K.V.Sharma, H.O.D Civil Dept., JNTUHCEM





















|| Acknowledgement||

The Dhiyo Naha likes to thank Prof. B. Balu Naik (Principal), Mr. M. Uday Kumar(Vice- Principal) and Prof. K. V. Sharma who have supported us in every way to bring out

the first ever quarterly magazine in the history of JNTUHCEM. We would also like to thank eachand every senior, junior and staff who has made it to happen.

We would like to thank the entire team of students, staff and each and every one whose namecould not be fitted in the book.

**Our special thanks to the below team**

Administrative, SACProf. B. Balu Naik

AdvisoryMr. M. Uday Kumar

Publications team Executive, S.A.C:JNTUHCEM –DN Dr. K. Prasanna Lakshmi

Editorial Board Chief Editors:Dhiyo Naha Prof. K.V. Sharma,

Prof. N. V. Ramana,Administration: Dr. K. Shahu Chatrapathi,K. Ramesh Dr. K. Prasanna Lakshmi

Editor: Designers:M. Tejaswi R. Vamshi Krishna, S.N. Reddy

Reporter, S.A.C: Managers:Ravi Chander, G. Navneeth,S. Vamshi Bhagyaraj, G. Venkatesh,G. Anish K. Vamshi

K. Nagaraju

Email us at: [email protected]

Dhiyo-Naha group owes no responsibility over the matter published in the magazine, it’spurely the thoughts of the students .

©2013 DHIYONAHA

About JNTUHCEMPast and present activities – Aavishkruth

(JNTUHCEM TECH FEST), Smaarya (OURANNUAL DAY)

FACULTY PROFILE- Principal, Vice Principal, allthe HODS, Prof.

Personal Touch – An interview with our principal.– pg.-1

An overview of Mining pg-3

I.T to H.M.T pg-5An Industrial Trip

Photo Gallery -1 (Aavishkruth 2K13) pg- 7 Elements and Constructions of Metro Train pg-10

Waste Power pg- 12Power from the Husk

WHY ENGINEER’S DAY…? Pg- 13

Cloud computing Pg- 15

CONTINOUS MINERS pg-16

NFC – Near Field Communication pg-17

Homi J Bhabha - Father of Indian nuclearprogramme pg - 18

REINFORCED CONCRETE PG-20

WiMAX pg-21

Power generation using speed breaker with Auto Street light – a do you know concept pg-22

Medical Mirror pg- 22

CONTENTS















WiMAX pg-21



CONTENTS















WiMAX pg-21



CONTENTS

Gallery – 2 ( Smaarya@2K13) pg- 23 TSL- Emerging Support Concept: Thin Spray-on Liners pg- 26

First step to become a programmer pg - 27

Rooftop Solar Plants a Viable Business Opportunity pg - 28

Concrete shell structures pg- 30 Gallery- 3 (National Days) pg - 31 ENERGY GENERATING FROM WASTE MINE GASES pg - 32

Some of the Known Facts - A Little about shock absorbers, WATER FUELED CAR pg-33

Extraction of Coal in Pillars pg-34

Gallery – 4 (miscellaneous) pg-35 TIDAL ENERGY-POWER PRODUCTION pg-37 SOLAR POWERED TECHNOLOGY pg – 38

IAS AS CAREER pg- 39

CFD Workshop – pg -41

A trip to Ramgiri Khila, a photo tour pg- 42

Fascinating facts of India pg-44

Funny Facts pg- 45

JOKE ZONE pg - 46

P U Z Z L E S pg -48

Black hole= Nothingness pg - 49

Hydraulic Mining pg -50

JNTUHCEM Dhiyo Naha Team Edition-1.01

CONTENTS


About JNTUH College of Engineering Manthani

The JNTUH College of Engineering Manthani is established in the year 2010 as a Constituent College of JawaharlalNehru Technological University Hyderabad vide G.O. Ms. No. 21, Higher Education (E.C.I) Department dated25.03.2010 to provide Engineering Education to the rural youth of the backward districts of Adilabad, Karimnagar,Nizamabad and Warangal of Andhra Pradesh State. This College has been supported by M/s. Singareni CollieriesCompany Limited for infrastructural development. Faculty here are putting in their best efforts to inculcate a qualityand diplomatic education in students with values. Students are also provided with various facilitates to improve andenhance their technical skills, creative ideas and various student career developmental activates. Few of those asdescribed as follows:

NSS (National Service Scheme)National Service Scheme is a community service programme sponsored by the Ministry of Human ResourceDevelopment, Government of India. The Over-all objective of the National Service Scheme is Service to thecommunity, while studying, in an educational institution, It is sought to arose the social conscience of students andprovide them with the opportunity to work with the people around the educational campuses creatively, andconstructively, and to put the education they received to concrete social use. It is headed by the energetic faculty Dr.K. Shahu Chatrapathi.Following the same NSS acts actively in the college conducting various programmes, such as:

Conducting blood donation camps where the blood collected from the volunteers and participants, laterdonated to the nearby Blood bank to help the needy to our extent in acquiring the required blood groupeasily.

There are the photos of the blood donation camp conducted by the NSS on 2013-10-08 Special Camps are also conducted by the NSS where awareness about various topics such as Hygiene,

importance of sanitation, giving tips to the villagers about the cleanliness, and providing awareness towomen on how to maintain their health during pregnancies.

Providing awareness of education to the students on the importance of education by visiting them in theireducational institutions. Also education parents in rural areas not abort the girl child and encouraging themby explaining the benefits provided by the GOI towards education and career opportunities provided to thegirls.

Also conducts adult literacy programmes in neighbouring villages. The unit conducts Tree PlantationProgrammes, AIDS Awareness programmes and Ragging prevention programmes.

Magazine:College magazine is a college guide and a quarterly magazine written and edited by college students and staff. It ispublished by the college itself. Its main feature as an academic advisor, giving career tips to the students, stage toshowcase the art works by students and a feedback of students towards the college. Also student’s success storiesare also published in the magazine

DHIYO NAHA: It is the first ever College magazine which is under the supervision of under the efficient faculty ofthe JNTUHCEM. The name has its origin from the last verse of Gayatri Mantra “DHIYO YO NAHA PRACHODAYAT”

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which means “a pupil asking the almighty to awaken and enlighten our thoughts, excellence and knowledge in ourminds”. And the meaning of the “DHIYO NAHA” is – our excellence. Here our almighty being considered as oureducation and we try to enlighten our excellence by trying hard.It aims to make students self-sufficient not only ineducation but also to develop their creative talents with freedom of expression and speech wherein they areprovided with stage (SAC) where they can go to depth in their interesting topics with enjoyment.

WORKSHOPS AND CONFERENCES:ecently a workshop has been conducted bythe Mechanical Department in JNTUHCEM onBasics of CFD organized by “The

AEROTRIX”.The Mechanical EngineeringDepartment has been known for its hallmarks in thevarious activities taken place in this college. Aworkshop was conducted in association withAerotrix, started by Alumni of IIT Kanpur AerospaceEngineering Graduates on September 6th & 7th of2013.JNTUH CE Manthani's Mechanical Engineeringdepartment is the only college in Andhra Pradesh toconduct a workshop on Basics of ComputationalFluid Dynamics (CFD) in association with Aerotrix. In spite of the Geography of the college, with the Fame that JNTUHCE Manthani and Aerotrix, workshop has received a great response from various regions like Maharashtra,Karnataka, and Hyderabad etc. which was resulted in many registrations from almost around 20 colleges, but as thequality in the workshop space is integral, number of participants is were confined to first 109 registrations. Freeaccommodation was provided nearby the venue itself with a quality food and living environment.

Updates:

A National Conference on Advancements in Computer Science & Engineering 2013 (ACSE2013) is going to be heldon 6tH&7th Dec-2013 at JNTUHCE Manthani headed by Dr. K. Shahu Chatrapathi and Mr. M. Uday Kumar. Theobjective of this conference is to provide a forum for interaction exchange of expertise between AcademicInstitutions, R&D Organizations and industries in the areas of high performance computing and its applications.This conference aims at bringing together the Researcher’s/Scientists, Engineers of various discipline in oneplatform to discuss and share their new inventions & innovative ideas along with their research findingACSE2013 will have invited talks, Contributed Papers and Panels.

Aavishkruth:

avishkruth the national level technicalsymposium held in JNTUHCEM on 7th and8th March 2013. It is one of the greatestachievements in JNTUHCEM by the

students which was of great attraction mainly“THE MINE CARNIVAL” which was not heldanywhere else became the cover page news inthe District paper of The Sakshi daily dated 08-03-2013. It was mainly sponsored by THE SINGARENICOLLIERIES COMPANY LIMITED (SCCL) andNATIONAL THERMAL POWER CORPORATION

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(NTPC). It was a first grand success of the college with students coming from the regions of Maharashtra, Karnataka,Delhi, Hyderabad and Karimangar. There were several technical and non technical events held on the days of the festand all the participants actively took part in all the events held. A good accommodation with good food was providedon the above mentioned dates of the symposium.

The second day was a day of technical andcultural symposium, started with technicalevents, price distribution and ending withvarious cultural events. Few of which arePaper presentations finals, Robo Wrestling,Robo Racing, Palm Island, ConstructionModel Expo, Sixth Sense Botz workshop,Power Plant Model Expo. Coming to thecultural events it started with Comedy skits,various dance performances, ramp walk withstudents in traditional dress, and ended withmarvellous Musical night.

SMAARYA@2K13:

SMAARYA- the annual day of JNTUHCE MANTHANI celebrated on 13th April. It was started with the mesmerizing andinspirational speech by the principal DR. B. Balu Naik. Later it continued with the welcoming of Chief patrons. TheChief patrons invited were Mr. N. V. Ramana Rao-Registrar and Ravi Shankar-OC-II GM. They also presented anindelible speech to the students present there. It was later continued with the award distribution ceremony for thestudents who won in various sports competitions. Also students who achieve excellence in their academics wereawarded.

Decoration of stage during smaarya Awards received by Dr. B. Balu Naik

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Dr. Balu Naik Banoth, Principal of JNTUH College of Engineering, Manthani has an excellent record in the field ofadministration along with academics. He obtained his B.Tech in Mechanical Engg. from JNTUH, M.Tech in Prod. Engg.from JNTUH and received his Ph.D in Energy Systems from JNTUH. He worked in various capacities as Asst. Professor,Assoc. Professor and Professor in Mechanical Engineering at JNTU, Hyderabad. Currently he is the Principal of JNTUHCollege of Engineering, Manthani. He has a good teaching experience of 21 years. Coming to his administrative recordhe has worked holding various posts such as hostel manager for Boys & Girls Hostel at JNTUH , Co-Coordinator of NSSJNTUH, Deputy Director, UGC-Academic Staff College at JNTUH, Officer-in-charge for University Examinations (NodalCentre-2), Project Officer for National Technical Manpower Information System (NTMIS), JNTU, Hyderabad, Head ofCentre for Nano Science & Technology, Officer-in-charge for University Examination (Nodal Centre-3), Coordinator-EAMCET and currently as Principal of JNTUHCEM. Under his supervision students have successfully completed 60B.Tech projects, 30 M.Tech projects, two students have completed their Ph.ds and 10 scholars are yet to submit. Hehas visited various foreign universities such as Brazil University (Brazil), U.A.E. University (U.A.E), M.I.T (Massachusetts),Harvard University (Boston) and Boston University (U.S.A). He is life member of Indian Society for Technical Education,also a life member of ASME. He worked as Governing Body Member of self financed engineering colleges such as InduInstitute of Engineering & Technology, Vaagdevi College of Engineering and Viswa Bharati College of Engineering &Technology, also as Convener Fact Finding Committee (FFC) for affiliation of colleges. He is a good orator also, leavingan imperishable and indelible mark of his inspiring words on the young minds, for the same reason he was invited togive lectures at Ramappa Engineering College, Institute of Aeronautical Engineering and Vaagdevi College ofEngineering. He has published his research papers in 49 international and national publications of which 40 pagespublished in international journals, 7 papers in national journals and attended two international conferences. One ofhis exclusive works which got great recognition and was selected for publishing international wide is “Developmentof a composite material from agro waste for wear resistance application”, Journal of Chemistry and ChemicalEngineering, ISSN: 1934-7375, USA. He also has a good personal expertise working as E.C. Member, General Secretaryand Vice-president of JNTU College of Engineering Teachers Association, Hyderabad. Thus he is a skilled teacher ofscience by profession dwelled with administration and management skills also.

While most are dreaming of success, winners wake up and work hard to achieve it.

JNTUH College of Engineering Manthani,Centenary Colony, Pannur (Vill), Kamanpur (Mdl),Karimnagar Dist., A.P-505212

PrincipalJNTUH College of Engineering Manthani

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Vice Principal,JNTUH College of Engineering Manthani Mr. M. Uday Kumar

Uday Kumar. M, Associate Professor in Computer Science Department, can be seen as a personwith good management skills. He has acquired his B.Tech in Computer Science Department from ChaitanyaBharati Institute of Technology, M.Tech (C.S.E) from JNTU KAKINADA and pursuing his Ph.D from JNTU KAKINADA.He has a good teaching experience of 13 years. He joined JNTUH as Assistant Professor in 2000. He has worked asvarious capacities such as lecturer, Assistant Professor, Head of Department (C.S.E) in JNTUH JAGITIAL, AssociateProfessor (C.S.E) in JNTUHCEM currently working as Vice Principal of JNTUH College of Engineering Manthani andIncharge of Examination cell and also as the incharge HOD of Mining Engineering Deptartment.

He is a member of Board Of Studies (BOS). He is a member of Governing body of Sri Vishweshwaraya EngineeringCollege. Under his supervision 40 members have completed their B.Tech Projects, 20 members have completedtheir M.Tech Projects and 20 members have completed their M.C.A Projects. He has conducted variousconferences under TEQIP. He has published international and national conference papers and journals. Subjects ofhis expertise are image processing, Network Security, Computer Networks, Parallel Processing, and many others.Finally and he is striving hard in utilizing services of the Teaching members for maximum benefit of the students inAcademic arena


“Study without desire spoils the memory, and it retains nothing that it takes in.”

BB

Head of the Department -I/cDepartment of CIVIL Engineering Prof.K.Viswanatha.Sharma

Dr. Korada Viswanatha.Sharma (K.V.Sharma) is man of versatile talents. He is a native of Chennai;completed his B.Tech (Mechanical) in JNTUCE, Anantapur, M.Tech in M.E (Heat Transfer) in AUCE, Visakhapatnamand received his Ph.D from JNTU, Hyderabad with thesis titled “A Theoretical Investigation on Some Aspects ofSaturated Pool Film Boiling”.. He started his life as a researcher at AUCE before joining Jawaharlal NehruTechnological University Hyderabad (JNTUH) in 1989, having an excellent teaching experience of 24 years holdingvarious capacities such as Asst. Professor, Assoc. Professor, Professor of Energy and Head of the Centre for EnergyStudies; visiting Professor University Malaysia Pahang and now currently he is looking after the Civil EngineeringDepartment at JNTUH College of Engineering Manthani. After doing his Masters at AUCE, he worked as ResearchAssistant under Departmental Research Support Program, Department of Mechanical Engineering, funded byUGC, New Delhi. He has good record of his numerous administrative works, a few of which are he has been theChairman of Evaluation Committee for Starting New Colleges under All India Council for Technical Education, NewDelhi, Expert Member for the Recruitment of faculty for Private Engineering Colleges affiliated to JNTU, OrganizingSecretary for ISHMT-ASME International HMT Conference Jan 2008, Internal Member in University PurchaseCommittee for Nano Science and Technology at JNTUH, Chairman for Board of Studies in Energy Systems atJNTUH, Member of the Board of Studies in Nano Science and Technology at Institute of Science and Technology atJNTUH and so on. He is a Life Member of Indian Society for Heat and Mass Transfer, High Energy MaterialsResearch Society of India, Indian Society for Technical Education, Solar Energy Society of India and a fellowmember of Institution of Engineers. Under his guidance till now 14 students have obtained their Doctoratedegree. He has published over 50 research papers in international journals. He has attended 69 internationalconferences and 17 national conferences. He bagged 5 gold medals, 1 silver medal and 2 bronze medals for hisinventions and publications and projects. He has obtained 6 patents out of which two are from India. He haspublished two books named ”Proceedings of the 8th ISHMT-ASME HMT Conference, JNTU Hyderabad, 2008” and“Energy Management and Conservation, IK Publishers, India, 2011”. He has received the University BestResearcher Cendekia Bitara Award for the year 2010 from the Chief Minister of Pahang State, Malaysia. One of hisresearch scholars stood 4th at the National level competition held at Calcutta in Feb 2009. Finally coming to hisprojects He has successfully accomplished 8 projects & few others are in progress……

JNTUH College of Engineering Manthani,Centenary Colony, Pannur (Vill), Kamanpur (Mdl),KarimnagarDist., A.P-505212

“Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.”

- Nelson Mandela

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Head of the DepartmentDepartment of Computer Science Engineering Dr. K. Shahu Chatrapathi

Dr. K. Shahu Chatrapatati is the senior Asst. professor of Computer science Department.He pursuedhis B.tech, M.tech and Ph.D in CSE. He works at JNTUH having an excellent teaching experience of 13 years. Heworked in various capacities like lecturer, Asst. Professor, Convener of national technical fest at JNTUHCEM andHOD. He currently works as Head of computer Science department at JNTUHCE Manthani.

Subjects of his expertise are Computer Networks, Software Engineering, Data Mining and Ware Housing,Compilers, Theory of Automata, Distributed and Cloud Computing. He has published his research papers in about3 international journals and 6 international conferences. Few of his authored papers are “Competitive EquilibriumApproach for Load Balancing a Computational Grid with Communication Delays” published in the Journal ofTheoretical and Applied Information Technology,“Competitive Equilibrium Approach for Load Balancing a DataGrid”published in theInternational Journal of Computer Science Issues and “Game Theory and its Applications inComputer Science” accepted for publication in International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering &Technology, Nov 2011.

He has attended 5workshops:5-Day Intensive course on “PHOENIX IR TRANFORMATIONS” at IIIT Hyderabad,“Data Warehousing and Data Mining” workshop under TEQIP at Dept. of CS in JNTUK, UGCsponsored “Orientation Course”, ASC JNTUH, One day National workshop on “UbiComp India 2008”, organized byCDAC, Hyderabad and R&D, Department of Information Technology, Government of India and UGC SponsoredRefresher Course on “Information System Security”, ASC JNTU.He is also noted for his good oratory skills along with his grip over the subject for which he was called to deliver aexpert Lecture on Theory of Computation at Dept. of CSE, Swarnandhra College of Engineering, Narsapuram andexpert Lecture on Compiler Construction at Dept. of CSE at Kakinada Institute of Engineering and Technology,Kakinada. Also he was called to conduct Training Classes to the AP State Police on “Computer Fundamentals” atDept of CSE, JNTUK.

JNTUH College of Engineering Manthani,Centenary Colony, Pannur (Vlg), Kamanpur (Mdl),Karimnagar Dist., A.P-505212

The Linux philosophy is laugh in the face of danger,’ oops wrong one. Do it yourself.’ Yes that’s it- Linux Torvalds

DD

ProfessorDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering. Prof.N.V.Ramana

Dr.N.V.Ramana, Professor and HOD of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Dept., at JNTUH College ofEngineering-Manthani. He obtained his M.Tech from S.V University, Tirupathi and PhD from JNTU. He joined JNTUin the year 1992 and worked in various capacities as Lecturer, Assistant professor, Associate professor, H.O.D andvice principal. He has 24 years of teaching experience and 2 years of Industrial experience as an Assistant engineerin APSEB (Andhra Pradesh State Electricity Board).

Dr. N.V.Ramana has published over 40 national & international journals, few of his authored works are“Recent Philosophies of AGC of a Hydro – Thermal System in Deregulated Environment” in the InternationalJournal Of Advances in Engineering & Technology; “A Fast Computational Technique to Trace V – Q Curve UsingBroyden – Shaman ski Method” published in the International Review on Modeling and simulations and so on.Apart from this he has single authored two text books -“POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS” and “POWER SYSTEMOPERATION CONTROL” papers in many He has submitted papers in many international conferences and alsointernational Journal on Modeling and simulation (IREMOS).He presented invited lecture in the-International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electrical Engineering andEnergy Management (ICETEEEM-2012), 2012 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives andEnergy Systems, Bangalore, India.

He is internationally exposed for his paper presentations submitted at Singapore, Malaysia, Canada, USAand New Zealand. He lectured in reputed Universities like Georgia Tech, Virginia Tech (USA), Nayang University(Singapore), and Wellington University (Wellington), apart from all IIT’S. Under his supervision 2 scholars havecompleted their PhDs. He attended duties of AICTE as an expert Committee member for NBA and is a Life memberof ISTE and Fellow of Institute of Engineers.

Under his able supervision many student workshops/seminars were organized and conducted successfully.He has also chaired a number of workshops and seminars for imparting and improvising quality education forfaculty.


“The mind is not a vessel to be filled, but a fire to be kindled.” - Plutarch

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Head of the DepartmentDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Dr. K. Prasanna Lakshmi

Dr. Kaujala Prasanna Lakshmi (K.P.L) is known for her dedication towards mechanical department. Shecompleted her Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical Engineering from NBKRIST (Nellore), Master in Technology inProduction Engineering from S.V.U (Tirupathi) and got her Ph.D in the year 2011 for her thesis titled “Motion planningof multiple robots” Robotics from JNTU, ANANTHAPUR. She has a good teaching experience of 10 years, she has joinedJNTU PULIVENDULA in 2006 and later on she got transferred to JNTUH JAGITYAL in Jan, 2009 and joined the duties ofHead of Mechanical Department and Incharge H.O.D of Mining Machinery Engg. Dept. in JNTUH CE MANTHANI SinceDec 2011 till date.She is a member of various organizations such as Indian institution of production engineers (MIIP), Institute ofScientific and Technology Engineers (MISTE) AND Institute of engineers (MIE). She has a attended an internationalconference held at Nanded. She has published 3 national journals and 7 international journals. She has attendedaround 7 workshops. She has also organized A National Level technical Workshop on BASICS OF CFD on 6th, 7th Sept.2013. She has been awarded for Best paper presented in AP SCIENCE Congress chapter held in 2009. She has attendedvarious workshops held at KITS Huzurabad on the topic-“Solar Technical”, “Recent trends in manufacturing” in CBIT,“Simulation and modeling” in NIT Warangal. She has presented a paper titled” Decision making in multiple mobilerobots” at an International Conference in Computer Science and Information Technology (ICCSCIT) held at Nanded.

Under her guidance 20 B.Tech students have submitted their projects. She has Presented 10 guest lecturers in differentproduction Technology fields. She has also attended as a chief guest for an orientation course and refresher courseunder UGC. She has also attended a 10 days training programme in CNC Turning and milling at Chennai. Her subjects ofexpertise are the various subjects of different Production Technology Fields.

She has also undertaken various administrative activities like Deputy Warden at JNTUH JAGITYAL and JNTUH CEManthani. She has also conducted spot valuation process and acted as spot coordinator. She also works as ChiefExecutive for SAC in JNTUH CE Manthani.

JNTUH College of Engineering Manthani,Centenary Colony, Pannur (Vill), Kamanpur (Mdl),KarimnagarDist., A.P-505212

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The task of modern education is not to cut down the jungles, but to irrigate the deserts. By C.S. Lewis

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PERSONAL TOUCH- a casual talk…With our beloved principal

What pictures do you get in your mind when youthink of your childhood?Hmmm...We used to enjoy a lot in our villagewhere we had a stream where most of mychildhood memories are related, we use to swimand I enjoyed fishing with my friends.

Can u say something about your schooling?My school is ZPHS, Maripeda(Warangal).There thestudents were very much disciplined. My schoolfriends still remember me and are in contact withme.

What about your college days.My college days began with my diploma coursefrom 1984-87 at Mahaboobnagar. Later on I joinedB.tech at JNTU Anantapur.

How was your Engineering lifeI obtained my B.Tech degree from JNTU-Anantapur (1988-92). We enjoyed a lot in ourengineering .At the same time we gave preferenceto our studies.

Can you please share your first interviewexperience?Yaaa..It is the only interview I attended forassistant professor .It was at JNTU Masabtank –Hyderabad in Oct 1992.i was also frightened as anyother.

Any suggestions for us to get through interviews?

There is no need of command over every subjectbut you should be thorough in the subject you areinterested in. you can impress judges by given athorough explanation with flowcharts anddrawings.

Now you are running a college successfully. Didyou attain any leadership activity in learning stage?Yes…In 1983 I was elected as president (Student leader)in elections by all the students of SC, ST &minority hostels. I was just about to complete myschooling at that time.

The person inspired in your life?A lady inspired me a lot. (Smiling).If a girl inspires you positively you can’t be stoppedto reach your goal .If a girl inspires you negatively,even a bottle of wine wouldn’t be enough to digest.

Which of your action hurts yourself?It hurts me when I should take action on students.

Is this post satisfying you?Yes, of course because I love to serve students.

What are you fascinated about?I am fascinated towards politics to serve people. Ihad tried for MLA ticket for Dornakal constituency,Warangal.

Did you prefer team work or individual work?I prefer individual work to team work.

Any success stories in your individual work? Yes, I am succeesful in individual work

,financially taking individual decisions which havebeen very successful.

Naturally…I am a hardwilled person. I never mind thesituation, just being positive..….……al attitude .

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By: Ravi Chander, Abhinav

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What experience had helped you in this field?Before coming to this college I had worked asDeputy Warden, Incharge of NSS .All those stageshelped me a lot.

Which achievement do you consider as greatest inyour life?Passing of 10th class (smiling).

How do you evaluate success?No one will get 100% success in a singleattempt. You should increase the rate of successstep by step based on your learning experienceand also from the teachings of life.

We think that everyone faces ups and downs intheir lives. what will be your policy when the thingsgo harder?Naturally…I am a strong willed person. I nevermind the situation, just being positive.

If time goes back what you wanted to be?I will choose Civil services (IAS). I have qualifiedin groups (mains) and gone upto interview levelsbut not succeeded. Due to different reasons I didnot try again.

What is your opinion about principal-studentrelation?There should be a friendly environment betweenthem.

After completing your graduation lots of studentsselecting abroad for their career .your commentplease…Compare to abroad the opportunities are less in ourcountry; the choices are more in abroad so they canchoose other countries. Even though they are out ofour boundary they represent our country. I saw atemple in Boston (USA) in 2008, it is as good as inour country. Our tradition is spreading by this.

Now a day’s education is turning to business.My fee is 10,000 per year where as a schoolstudent should pay 30,000 -40,000 per annum.Can we gain back a steady stage?Yes, we can rebuild the educational system bysystematic rules reinitializing governmentschool concepts and implementing new schemesby ruling parties.

At present most of the graduates are joblessthen what is the use of education to all with alack of opportunities?The Government should provide jobs or shouldgive pensions for a short period of time tillhe/she gets a job. Learning can be done in away the students themselves create employmentopportunities rather than waiting for jobs.

What are your feelings while promoting you as aprincipal to JNTUHCEM in the placeDr.Chandralingam?Frankly saying. I had my own apprehensionsbecause it is a new place, a rural backgroundand involvement of local politics.

If you’re the student of JNTUHCEM in thissituation what will you do?I may not allow a single class to run with lack offacilities (smiling).

Few words to us?All the students should work hard and maintaindiscipline. Rise to the occasion, achieve yourgoals…

No one will get 100% success in a singleattempt. You should increase the rate ofsuccess step by step based on yourlearning experience and also from theteachings of life.

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Mining Engineering(An overview)

AnishGoud.P, Devender.D

III B.tech, Dept. of Mining Engg. University College of Engg. JNTUH, Manthani

Pilot sentence—Early-man would have still felt it is so early to be a modern man without Mining! No civilization would

have prospered without mining. Despite the importance of mining in all the civilizations that flourished, perished and whichare still nourishing, there have been myths left out in people about career in mining engineering. The intent of this article isto bring out to notice of common man regarding the mining engineering, its study, job opportunities, higher studies and othervital related aspects.

A) Introduction:Great mining men and women possess an

inherent need to explore and be at the forefront of discovery.They search for minerals the instant, the investigation, theexamination and the discovery is just the stuff of intelligencebut it is engineering and talent of mining engineers that makesthe real difference in the mining industry. Modern miningtoday looks nothing like it did even just a few short years ago.Once the mineral discovery has been made and initial drillholes have confirmed the deposit, that’s when the work ofmining engineer really begins. The industry is run by miningengineers dependent on engineering and talent of these highlytrained, highly talented, highly skilled men and women.Finding a deposit is challenging enough in its own right butit’s the way you do it to the deposit counts most. With thehelp of geologists mining engineers figure out geophysical,geochemical, rock mechanical, stratigraphical properties ofdeposit and surrounding material and then decide is it bestsuited to be mined in open pit or underground method,technologies to be applied keeping in mind how mining to bedone economically and eco-friendly manner. The industry andsociety demands the best, excellence is the goal. Miningengineers plan every move, they will model the blastingsequence to focus and concentrate on the energy to the desiredlocation so that environmental impact is minimized, computersimulations model the work, guide the harvest and prepareultimate mine closure, environmental reclamation andrestoration. Mining engineers are not only responsible for thehundreds of millions of currency spent on a mine site but theyare counted on to generate the billions of revenue that a minecan generate which include revenue for share-holders thatown them, for the communities that depend on them and forthe government that receive the taxes from them. Miningengineers are at the centre of this game of making profit, theycall the signals, they choose the equipment and they select themethods, and take decisions that determine the degree ofsuccess of mine.

No one else can take a mineral deposit andturn into a mine; mining engineers are the only ones in theworld who can do that. Perhaps the greatest challenge facingthe mining industry is the nature while business there we alterthe landscape there they change the look of an area and itshould be done properly. Mining engineers are called punchcreators and built mines they are also called punch recliners tostore the environment at the end of the harvest and to retrainthe land to nature as it should be.

B) Study in B.E (B.Tech):The mining engineers like most engineers,

have to study basic mathematics, physics, chemistry, andcalculus. Then a few courses in basic mining theory: Whatmakes an underground mine; the essence of open pits; basicblasting theory; and a bit of finance and accounting, a shortcourse on environmental studies, social policy, sustainablepropaganda, and community relations. The learning in miningis much practical oriented so it is mandatory for students to gofor regular field visits of different mines and take up industrialtrainings and internships.

The mining engineering students have toattend a few conferences where professors and consultantsmarket to each other via papers based on case histories andideas re-circulated from decades past. There student will havemet the leaders of industry and recruiting agents for big andmid-sized mining companies who will inspire and help themto take up a particular path.C) Different options after Engineering are:1) A job in mining Industry:

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In general there are only few miningengineers at a mine but sure to be more mechanical, chemical,and civil engineers than mining engineers as there is a lotmore mechanical, chemical, and civil work than mining workto be done at the typical mine. The mining engineer howeveris the boss, the mine manager, the chief mine planner, theexecutive officer, the primary decision maker. The seniormining engineer aims to leave the management of the mine toyounger souls and move up the ladder to head office, there tobuy and sell mines, negotiate deals, and set budgets andschedules.

2) Other options:The point is that mining engineer’s span the

range from the most detailed oriented to the highest, big-picture thinkers. As in all branches of engineering, there arethe creators, the dreamers, the idealists, the philosophers, thesoldiers, the warriors, the workers, those who inspire, thosewho manage, those who lead and those who follow.

i. Master’s degree: Some of the Mining engineeringgraduates go on to do a master’s degree and then go intoconsulting, for a master’s is the working degree of consultingto the mining industry. And if you are a mining engineerwithout a master’s but about few years practical experience atmines, you too can come to the city to work for a consultant.Mining engineers can then be in consulting who design theunderground workings or layout the new open pit mine. Theyrun computer codes that simulate material movements,calculate operating costs, and schedule repairs. They usecomputer codes to calculate slope stability, quantify over-burden stripping ratio, and hence establish the economics ofan ore body.

ii. Regulatory Agencies:Some mining engineers start working in regulatory agencies atnational (like DGMS, IBM, CIMFR,NIRM, GSI of India) andstate level overseeing the mining industry. Their work iscritical to mine safety, and their publications are impeccableand impressive.

iii. Junior Mining Company:Mining engineers find their own junior mining companies.With geologists, they find new ore bodies, engage drillers,write press releases, list stocks, encourage investors, skim afew units of currency, and succeed or fail as the marketfluctuates in response to Chinese demand. Few companies gobankrupt. Some go on to fortunes, when they sell out to amid-sized company. They thrill to the trek into the forest, andpeering through a magnifying glass at visible gold in a corespecimen. They thrill to the sound of a drill rig echoing in themountains, the thud of a box of new core, and the geologist’sremarks on grubby paper: ore heavy with silver.

iv. Other options:a. Opt for teaching and stay at research universitiespursuing Ph.D.b. Some like the hustle of organizing conferences andcompeting as academics with honest consultants.c. Write books, online courses, EduMine courses, churnout academic papers on socially responsible mining andsustainable developmentd. Some work for investment firms, use advanced statisticsto pick potential stock winners and losers.

D) Various ways of entering mining industry:Keep in mind that one need not have to study

mining engineering to enter the mining industry. You couldbecome a civil engineer and develop mining infrastructure:

the roads, bridges, shafts, structures, and tailings facilities thatare key to mining. You could become a mechanical engineer:manage the shovels, the trucks, the crushers, and spreaders,and the pipes and pumps of the mine. You could become achemical, process, or metallurgical engineer and overseeextraction of minerals from the ore. Or become anenvironmental engineer and take care of air quality, surfacewater and groundwater quality and all the other potentialimpacts of a mine on its surroundings.Lawyers and accountants, human resource professionals, andhealth and safety specialists are needed at the mine. Peoplewho like working with people and communities, studycommunity relations and then go to mining. All of theseprofessions bring personal and financial rewards at mines farand near.Inspite of having various options for an entry into miningIndustry. The ultimate boss is a mining engineer.

E) Need of innovativeness:No two days in the life of the mining

engineers are the same as such every day is both a challengeand reward there is nothing else quiet like it. For the future ofmining is not a repeat of the old ways. If we are to prosper associeties, we need to mine in new ways. And the future ofmining and the benefits of civilization depend on the ideasand skills of mining engineers yet to be educated. As a youngmining engineer, we have to overthrow all that we know anddo, and reinvent the world to make it possible for futuregenerations to go on, survive, enjoy material benefits, andprotect the world that is all we have and can pass on.

F) Conclusive sentences:These are a small part of the mining

engineering fraternity. They prove the immense diversity ofmining engineering pursuits and endeavours. Theydemonstrate that if you choose to study mining engineeringthat is only the beginning. Once graduated there is an infinitevariety of opportunities out there just waiting for you tochoose one or more lifestyle that suite your instincts, interests,abilities, and life-style choices. Thinking of career as a miningengineer..??No you’re going somewhere.

References:[1] Jack Caldwell, “What do mining engineers do?”November 9, 2012; http://www.mining.com/web/what-do-mining-engineers-do/[2]“Occupation-Details”,My-future;http://www.myfuture.edu.au/The%20Facts/Work%20and%20Employment/Occupations/Details.aspx?anzsco=233611A

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I.T to H.M.THindustan Machine Tools

Hindustan Machine Toolsabbreviation of HMT, a famouscompany dealing with theproduction and manufacture ofseveral mechanical products. Ithas several manufacturing unitssuch as watches, tractors,machine tools, bearings, printingmachinery, food processingmachinery etc units. Its mainbranch is situated in Delhi. Thisreport is on our industrial visit inHMT Machine Tools ltd. Locatedin Hyderabad est. in 1967.The interest in selecting HMTfor our internship is that themachines manufactured hereare of higher accuracyfollowing the required qualitystandards and also they havelong life, Being one of theoldest inceptions can also becredited as a reason for us inopting this company. Our onemonth schedule was dividedfor pattern shop, foundry,heat treatment, small partsand heavy partmanufacturing, press divisionand finally assembly. First day,our visit was to pattern shopwhere the patterns ofrequired work piece aremade.

This work absolutely involves a lotof patience as it requires accuracyand the ability to understand thedrawing properly. Inspite of normalruler here they use pattern mansscale for facilitating the allowances.Here we got to know up to whatlevel, we are able to analyze a

machine drawing.Our next visit was to foundrySection which was so huge withfour cranes inbuilt in it which aidsin carrying the heavy mould boxesand work pieces. Unlike the foundryprocess in our college which we don’tmake the gate systems, channels,pour basin etc, here we have seen andlearnt how to make them with thehelp of an operator there.Next we moved to manufacturingsection where, the casting from thefoundry workshop is processedthrough several mechanicaloperations for final assembly. Here wegot a chance to see milling, grinding,H.boring, V.Boring, planing, drilling

and lathe machineoperations.

The work piece is diverted to smallparts, medium parts or heavy partssection based on its size. Everyoperator is supplied with a detailedlayout which comprises the drawingof work piece, the processes itshould undergo, along with theinformation of tolerances andallowances given to the work piece.For example: The layout we haveseen for manufacturing a spur gearconsisted the list of operations:

1. Cutting2. Turning3. Fitting4. Gear hobbing5. Fitting6. Carburizing and annealing7. Turning8. Fitting

I.T to H.M.T

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9. Hardening10. Sand blasting11. Inter grinding12. Gear grinding

After this some of the workpieces which require whichrequire accuracy in microns aremoved to L-centre (work placewas named because of its shapebut not of any technical meaning).It is well maintained with airconditioner for not gettingdimensional faults with varyingroom temperatures. Some specialmeasuring instruments we haveseen are1. Pupitus used for run out2. checking,2. Millimess used in vernier3. Micrometer etc.

Finally to the assembly section, allthe work pieces frommanufacturing section afterundergoing all the operationsrequired as per the layout is thensent for assembling it into a finalmachine. At the time of our visit toassembly section we have seen theassembly of horizontal boringmachine which was an order fromAjmer.

After final assembling, testingand inspection done, the totalmachine is dis-assembled anddelivered to the customer.

Previously it achieved projects likeSPMs successfully given fordefense and railways.SOME OF THE MAJOR PROJECTSIT ACHEIEVED:-1.5-AXIS machine center2.3-AXIS CNC machine3. PLANO MILLING CENTRE4. CAM SHAFT MILLING machine5.5-AXIS HONEY COMB MILLINGMachine

It has a rich history of achievingseveral awards but its currentcondition isn’t good due toseveral factors. The samesituation can be seen in severalgovernment companies whichaffected our country’s economy

drastically. Most of us move awayfromownlandand

moving

abroad asit is

uswhoare

bornin this land of numerousintellectuals to develop suchcompanies and flush back ourIndian economy. As an engineerwe aren’t only a producer of newtechnology but, it becomes apride to develop these old onesalso. Not to say in the words butto get into the action is the realmeaning…..By

Vamshi Bhagyaraj Soma,Tejaswi ManthattiRaj Kumar Jakkula,Srimukh Reddy Janga,Praveen Kumar Thatis

Brain teaserManthani BSNL laid a 210 wire cable between centenary colony and Peddapally for

telephone connections but there was a problem in the cable wires. None of the BSNLofficers could have a solution with minimal losses. One of the officer’s son wasstudying at JNTM. The Officer approached his son for a solution. He told his son thatthey don’t have any modern equipments but they can use standard equipments likebattery, bulb, tape& pen. Since the wires were identical one has to identify the faultywires at both sides without ripping it all up. The distance between the two telephoneexchange centers was 20 km. He must also consider there should be minimum travelexpenses. So what is the minimum distance the workmen have to travel to fix theproblem according to the officer son's plan?

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moving

abroad asit is

uswhoare





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moving

abroad asit is

uswhoare





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Gallery Aavishkruth 2K13

Aavishkruth, 2K13-Principal, Vice Principal, Chief guests A photo gallery of NTPC was held at the entrance showingand HODs inaugurating the Aavishkruth Posters. our thankfulness to the funds they have provided.

A beautiful Sand artof Aavishkruthbeing drawn by thestudents during theNational levelTechnical SymposiumAavishkruth held atJNTUHCEM on7th, 8th March 2013.

Robo Soccer held during the Aavishkruth on the day of fest. Various entertainment games and stalls held on the daysof fest

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Various Dept. paper presentations were held, where A photo gallery named “Palm Island” was organized by themany Students from various colleges took part in it. civil Dept. where information regarding earthquake

resistant structures and information regarding structureswere provided in the form of photographs.

Mine Carnival one of the centre of attraction for the fest

Excavator – this is a machine used to remove the soil Long Wall Method of Mining is a highly mechanizedthat obstructs during mining operations done in O.C.P. methods used to excavate coal easily in excess amount.

Silo Bunker is seen very rarely in mining areas, used Rescue team provides necessary first aid to the employeesto fill the coal in trains. injured during the mine accidents.

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Sixth sense workshop conducted during the fest on 7th,8th Price distribution to the winners by the chief guestMarch 2013 at JNTUHCEM. Dr.Krishnamohan

Cultural events performed by the students

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BYCHANDRASHEKHAR. LAKAVATH(CIVIL-3rd year)

Construction involves all the steps andprocedures in their right sequences,which shows and realizing design inthe field.The steps gone behind theconstruction is not visible on seeingbut it is difficult task to implement.

“There is no glory in the foundation”. EX: A construction looks andfeels even more beautiful if it has a strong foundation; it is easy torealize that much of the design effort is waste if quality ofconstruction is not good.Let’s we shall know steps involved in theconstruction of structure by PSC.

Hyderabad metro project of length is 72 km &Cost of this project is14000 crore’s.Due to this project, employment increases and Trafficproblem will be decreased, Contribute towards national economydevelopment & future investment.Structure:Any structure has basically two divisionsUnderground construction is called sub-structure, above ground levelis called superstructure,foundationis that part of the structure whichis direct contact with soilFoundation: generally two type’s,if depth offoundation is less than width then only it is said to be shallowfoundation. Depth of foundation is less than or equal to width then itis said to be deep foundation.Shallow foundation:“Depth of foundation is less than width offoundation then it is said to be shallow foundation “Steps involved while constructing shallow foundation (cast-in-situ):step1: first transform the plane from drawing sheet to site andmarking central line in site of structure.Step2: Soil is excavated up to desired depth.Step3: Sand was sprinkled at the bottom of pit level of footingStep4: Nominal mix of (M10) concrete is 1:5:10 was pasted at thebottom of foundation, it gives neat platform to transfer plane fromdrawing sheet.Step5: Side form-work for footing was arranged to don't disturb thefooting structure.Step6: Longitudinal and transverse reinforcement was placed on”chairs”.Step7: Pier-reinforcement was placed in marking position, and tied itwith wires.Step8: Form work was to be arranged around the reinforcement,between reinforcement and form-work mortar blocks were used forthe purpose of getting clear- coverence.Step9: To develop adequate bond with column section above thefooting “kikers” were constructed.Step10: Form-work was removed after 12hrs when concrete attainsfinal setting time, back filling of soil should be done after curing thefooting structure for 10-15 days.

Shallow-Foundation: Preparation of pier by arranging steelscaffolding: InPSC the settingtime of concreteis less thencompared toordinaryPortland cement[OPC].Thescaffolding isarranged aroundthe

reinforcement, Due to this type of scaffolding, molding of structure bedone easily &it [frames] can be used for construction of other piersections.

Filling RMC after reinforcement arrangement with scaffolding of piersection:In piers M20GRADEconcrete was used, main-reinforcement of dia-20mm and stirrupsreinforcement ofdiameter of8mm.Concrete mix was1:2:4 with this mix themineral admixture stonedust added for thepurpose to increase stiffness of structure.

PREPARATION OF PIER BY ARRANGEMENT OF STEEL SCAFFOLDINGAND FILLING RMC Scaffolding for pier cap:pier cap wasinternally post-stressed bytendons locatedinside theconcrete ofstructure,whensegment washardened up to75% of its original herding ,compression is transmitted from tendonsto concrete by 'anchorage ' devices(at end blocks). For pier capuniaxial prestressing is adopted.

Elastomeric rubber pad / Bearing pad: Bearing Pads, elastomersserves as asuccessor totransfer the loadfrom the top of thebridge structure tothe bottom of thebridge structure,and elastomers arelocated at the

bottom of the bridge girder. Elastomers depend on the load of thebridge.There are two types of elastomers:Elastomeric Bearing Pads Plain - Without Plat Bearing, Pads

elastomeric Plate - there are 2, 3, 4 or more plateson the inside of theelastomeric bearing pad

ELEMENTS AND CONSTRUCTON OF METROTRAIN

Introduction:

Benefits of the metro trainProject:

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Advantages of PSC concrete against Ordinary reinforced concrete:Eliminates cracking of concrete, Shear was resisted by curved tendons,Steel quantity required for PSC is 1/3 of ordinary reinforced concrete ,due to this bending of structure be reduces,Section remains uncrackedunder service loads, Steel corrosion reduces, Increase in durability ofstructure, For PSC Span to depth ratio is 45:1 , for ORC span to depthratio is 28:1Disadvantages:Requires high quality dense concrete for high strength & compression,Cost of high tensile steel is 2.5 to3.5 times costlier than mild steel,Observation should be done all the time of construction, whilepreparing concrete at ingredients should be mixed in required ratio,While stressing tendons limited stress[tensile , compressive] should beapplied otherwise segment may be crackExternal prestressing is adapted to the box girder after placing it in thesite:

Arrangement of box girders by you-sing L.G machine, L.G machinehave capacity of 25TONSGLUING: “Cream White" is a white cement ready to use on , nonshrink, self curing cementation, adhesive for bonding ceramic, glass,tiles, stone and marble etc. on vertical and horizontal surfaces.Hear itis used for sticking the segments which already prepared in PSCPlant.Mixing proportions: 5to5.5 kg‘s of water per 20 kg bag, Mixthoroughly with clean water for a minimum of 3 minutes ,Workabletime 60 - 90 minutes at +27°C,Average thickness is 5mm whileapplying to segmentsSlab section on top of girder: Figure shows the top level of box girder,

this is twoways track

line,Reinforcem

ent left fortracks

arrangement

Launching girders machine [L.G]This machine helps to suspend segments in same level; it helps toconnect adhesive segments by applying gluing to individual segments,by using L.G machine post-stressing of tendons to be done with thehelp of HYDROLIC MACHINE. Launching girders machine [L.G]

Applying gluing to segments with average thickness of 5mm forsticking purpose:Post stressing:One end oftendon wasfixed byanchorages(dead end),next end (liveend) was usedfor stressingpupose.Stressing bedone with in limits i.e upto girder don't enter the tensile loading,when service load acting on it.

Cleavages for locking at ends of PSC girdersOne cable [tendon] can bare 6 tons of load,

Tensioning of tendons be done withrotating in clock wise out-ward axialdirection of girder. High strength steeltendons has strength of 1750 N/m ² and

yielding point 1260N/ m ²,tendons of deadend was fixed with anchorages andprestressed force was applied at live-end ofthe girder. Tendons of stain is less thancompared to M.S steel for example strain oftendon is 5mm only after 50years usage insite. Veges have threading those allows only cable out ward directiononly.

Cement-Grouting: Grouting is done to avoid corrosion of tendons. Itmeans Injection of cement into girders from anchorage heads, this endis called as “liveend”. The mixing proportion of water & cement is1:1.3.Grouting is done at below 20°c, since to reduce heat productionwhile mixingthe water with cement at the time of grouting. Groutingpressure is between 0.5to 0.7 N/m ².

Conclusion: By adopting 'psc' method quick arrangement of structure(flyover) was prepared, there by completing the project faster toreduce city’s heavy traffic.

Thanks for helping my dear friends in doing this workSandeep.P(eee),Sreevani.J (civil),

Rashmi.R.L (Civil),Krishnakumar.R(civil),Prasad.V (civil).

11 11Advantages of PSC concrete against Ordinary reinforced concrete:Eliminates cracking of concrete, Shear was resisted by curved tendons,Steel quantity required for PSC is 1/3 of ordinary reinforced concrete ,due to this bending of structure be reduces,Section remains uncrackedunder service loads, Steel corrosion reduces, Increase in durability ofstructure, For PSC Span to depth ratio is 45:1 , for ORC span to depthratio is 28:1Disadvantages:Requires high quality dense concrete for high strength & compression,Cost of high tensile steel is 2.5 to3.5 times costlier than mild steel,Observation should be done all the time of construction, whilepreparing concrete at ingredients should be mixed in required ratio,While stressing tendons limited stress[tensile , compressive] should beapplied otherwise segment may be crackExternal prestressing is adapted to the box girder after placing it in thesite:



line,Reinforcem

ent left fortracks

arrangement










11 11Advantages of PSC concrete against Ordinary reinforced concrete:Eliminates cracking of concrete, Shear was resisted by curved tendons,Steel quantity required for PSC is 1/3 of ordinary reinforced concrete ,due to this bending of structure be reduces,Section remains uncrackedunder service loads, Steel corrosion reduces, Increase in durability ofstructure, For PSC Span to depth ratio is 45:1 , for ORC span to depthratio is 28:1Disadvantages:Requires high quality dense concrete for high strength & compression,Cost of high tensile steel is 2.5 to3.5 times costlier than mild steel,Observation should be done all the time of construction, whilepreparing concrete at ingredients should be mixed in required ratio,While stressing tendons limited stress[tensile , compressive] should beapplied otherwise segment may be crackExternal prestressing is adapted to the box girder after placing it in thesite:



line,Reinforcem

ent left fortracks

arrangement










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HUSK POWER SYSTEM by Vinayak Varghat, Jaweed. MD

usk Power Systems is a startup company basedin Bihar, India, that provides power to 1000’S ofrural Indians using a biomass gasifier. The fuel

used is a waste product of rice huller i.e., rice husk.According to a survey conducted by the InternationalEnergy Agency in sept 2010, 1.4 billion peopleworldwide have no access to electricity, including 400million people in India. Millions of people die each yeardue to indoor air pollution caused by the combustion oftraditional fuels for domestic uses. In India there are125,000 villages without electricity and 80 million ofthose reside in Bihar.

Finance:-The company is simplified to more resource efficientunits. Ash generated largely consists of silica, isremoved using a hand-operated crank. It can be usedas fertilizer or to make cement blocks also incensesticks. Agents are hired to collect payments fromcustomers for electricity also sells CFL bulbs. Twomembers of the team, Charles "Chip" Ransler andManoj Sinha, students at the Darden Graduate Schoolof Business Administration at the University of Virginia,developed a business plan that earned $60,000. In2009, the company won an inaugural global businessplan competition sponsored by venture capital firmDraper Fisher Jurvetson and Cisco Systems and willreceive a$250,000 investment from the two firms tohelp improve the basic technology.Service areas:-Husk Power Systems serves 150,000 people throughits 60 systems in villages in India’s states of Bihar,TamilNadu and West Bengal using "mini power-plants"that each generate 3 to 100 kilowatts of power,providing up to 7 hours. Primarily during the eveninghours when light is needed. A total of over 2,000 unitsup and running by the end of 2014.

Generating:-Husk Power Systems, provides electricity for six to 7hours each evening, to about 100,000 people across125 villages, using only rice husk. A typical Husk PowerSystems (HPS) compound occupies5000-6000 squarefoot of land with a small biomass gasifier on it, onestorey tall and slim enough that two men could encircleit with their arms. Biomass gasification is a simple andrelatively old process, in which biomass is heated tovery high temperatures in an atmosphere of less than1% oxygen. Under these conditions, it does not burn inflames, but turns into a ‘producer gas.’ In the HPScompound, there are large piles of biscuit-coloured ricehusk for feeding the machine and smaller piles of blackrice husk char, which is the small amount of solid wastethe gasification process generates in addition to thegas. Next to the gasifier are four filters for cleaning tarand dust from the gas, and a generator in which theproducer gas is used to drive turbine and createelectricity. From the compound run the HPS wires thatcarry electricity to houses within maximum distance oftwo to three kilometers, because, beyond that, therebegins to be a drop in voltage. To further increaseefficiency, HPS insist customers to use only energy-saving CFL bulbs. India’s rural electrificationprogramme focuses on extending a main electricitygrid, but it is estimated that 40 million people in thecountry still have no electricity. To date, they have 35power plants in operation; four of 52kW and the rest32kW installed capacity. The rice husks used to fuel theprocess are purchased from local rice mills for onerupee per kilogram. Hence HPS focuses primarily onvillages that are off-grid, with good rice husk and ademand for electricity.

H

Waste Power

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WHY ENGINEER’S DAY…?Bharat Ratna MokshagundamVisvesvaraya, notable Indianengineer,scholar, statesman and theDiwan of Mysore During 1997 to 1919.He was a recipient of the Indianrepublic’s highest honour, the BharatRatna, in 1995. He was knighted as ACommander of the Indian Empire byking George V for his myriadcontributions to the public good. He isheld in high regard as the first andpreeminent engineer of India. He wasthe chief designer of the floodprotection system for the city ofHyderabad.

EARLY YEARS:Visvesvaraya was born to Srinivasa

Sastry and Venkachamma inMuddenahalli village, 40 miles fromBangalore, India. The family name“Mokshagundam” preserves thememory of his association with AndhraPradesh. His father was a Sanskritscholar and an authority on HinduDharmashastras (theology), besidesbeing an Ayurvedic practitioner SirM>V. attended primary school inChikballapur and high school inBangalore. He earned his BA. FromMadras University at the college ofScience, Pune.

CAREER AS ENGINEER:Upon graduating as an engineer,

Visvesvaraya took up a job with thepublic works Department (PWD) ofBombay (now known as Mumbai) andwas later invited to join the IndianIrrigation Commission. He implementedan extremely intricate system ofirrigation in the Deccan area

He also designed and patented asystem of automatic weir waterfloodgates that were first installed in1903 at the khadakvasala reservoir nearPune.These gates were employed toraise the flood supply level of storage inthe reservoir to the highest level likelyto be attained by a flood withoutcausing any damage to the dam. Basedon the success of the gates, the samesystem was installed at the Tigra dam inGwalior and the Krishan RajaSagara(KRS) dam inMadhya/Mysore,Karnataka. In 1906-07,government of India sent him toEden,(Africa) to study water supply anddrainage system and the projectprepared by him was implemented inEden successfully.

Visvesvaraya achieved celebritystatus when he designed a floodprotection system for the city ofHyderabad. He was instrumental indeveloping a system to protectVishakhapatnam port from sea erosion.

Visvesvaraya supervised theconstruction of the KRS Dam across theCauvery River from concept toinauguration.

This dam created the biggestreservoir in Asia when it was built. Hewas rightly called the “ father ofmodern Mysore state” (nowKarnataka): during his period of servicewith the government of Mysore state,he was responsible for the foundingof,(under the patronage of MysoreGovernment), the Mysore soap factory,the parasitoid laboratory, the Mysoreiron & steel works(now known asVisvesvaraya iron and steel limited) nBhadravathi, the Sri Jayachamarajendrapolytechnic institute, the Bangaloreagricultural university, the state bank ofMysore, the century club, Mysorechambers of commerce and numerousother industrial ventures. Heencouraged private investment inindustry during his tenure as Diwan ofMysore. He was instrumental incharting out the plan for roadconstruction between Tirumala andTirupathi. He was known for sincerity,time management and dedication to acause.

Awards and honours:Visvesvaraya was appointed a

companion of the order of the Indianempire (CIE) in 1911. In 1915, while hewas the Diwanof Mysore,Visvesvarayawas knighted asa knightCommander ofthe order of theIndianempire(KCIE) by the British for hismyriad contributions to the publicgood.

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After India attained independence, SirM. Visvesvaraya was given thenation’s highest honour, the BharatRatna, in 1955.Sir M.V. was honoredwith honorarymembership oftheinternational institution ofcivilengineers (based in London) and afellowship of the Indian institute ofscience (based in Bangalore). He wasawarded several honorary doctoraldegrees like D.Sc., LL.D., D.litt. fromeight universities in India. He waspresident of the 1923 session of theIndian science congress. Sir M.V. wasawarded honorary membership ofLondon institution of civil engineersfor an unbroken 50 years.

Every year September 15 iscelebrated as world engineer’s dayworldwide in honour of the greattechnocrat and visionary.By: Abhinav Gampa, Sai Krishna.K

Brain Teaser:

In 1300 A.D., Raphael an innocent farmer lived in the renowned ancient city, Athens.His ruthless landlords took advantage of his innocence and compelled him to admit acrime which he didn't perpetrate and poor Raphael was sent to jail. Seeing the poorcondition of Raphael, two Greek Goddesses Athena and Venus took pity on him anddecided to relieve him from his agony. As Raphael was helplessly staring at the 6gates[a, ß, e, d, e, µ ] respectively of the prison. He heard a sudden thunder and theprison was filled with the echo of footsteps, and there came Venus from the 1st gate aand Athena from the 6th gate µ. They promised him to get him out of there if hepassed a test. They said “Oh Son! The task for you is to pass through all these sixgates, passing through gate only once in the correct order. Where only 3 are entrancesand remaining 3 are exits. Gate a must be succeeded by ß or e ; ß by e or e ; e by dor µ ; d by a or µ ; e by ß or d ;and µ by e or d . With that they headed outthrough gate ß .Please help Raphael to complete this task and get out of jail.

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It’s still magic even if you know how it’s done -- Terry pratchett78

Cloud computing is a subscription-basedservice where you can obtain networkedstorage space and computer resources. Oneway to think of cloud computing is toconsider your experience with email. Youremail client, if it is Yahoo!, Gmail, Hotmail,and so on, takes care of housing all of thehardware and software necessary tosupport your personal email account. Whenyou want to access your email you openyour web browser, go to the email client,and log in. The most important part of theequation is having internet access. Youremail is not housed on your physicalcomputer; you access it through an internetconnection, and you can access it anywhere.If you are on a trip, at work, or down thestreet getting coffee, you can check youremail as long as you have access to theinternet. Your email is different thansoftware installed on your computer, suchas a word processing program. When youcreate a document using word processingsoftware, that document stays on the deviceyou used to make it unless you physicallymove it. An email client is similar to howcloud computing works. Except instead of

accessing just your email, you can choosewhat information you have access to withinthe cloud.1For more information please seeThe NISTDefinition of Cloud Computing athttp://csrc.nist.gov/publications/drafts/800-145/Draft-SP-800-145_cloud-definition.pdf.

Different Computing Models Utility computing

Why buy machines whenyou can rent cycles?

Examples: Amazon’s EC2,GoGrid, AppNexus

Platform as a Service (PaaS) Give me nice API and take

care of the implementation Example: Google App

Engine Software as a Service (SaaS)

Just run it for me! Example: Gmail

Life before cloud computingTraditional business applications havealways been very complicated andexpensive. The amount and variety ofhardware and software required to runthem are daunting. You need a whole teamof experts to install, configure, test, run,secure, and update them.When you multiply this effort across dozensor hundreds of apps, it’s easy to see why thebiggest companies with the best ITdepartments aren’t getting the apps theyneed. Small and mid-sized businesses don’tstand a chance.Advantages•Lower cost of ownership•Reduce infrastructure managementresponsibility•Allow for unexpected resource loads•Faster application rollout

Nagender Reddy.S11VD1A0517

Cloud computing

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The first and foremostmodernization process inunderground coal mining isCONTINOUS MINER.

MINE LOCOMOTIVES:-The coalextracted from the working face is retrievedon conveyor by any mine locomotives thatare suitable for that condition

.That may be Shuttle car or Ram car.

Generally in Continuous miner technology,ram car is used.Ram car is used to transport of coal fromworking face to mainline conveyor. It isrubber tired haulage vehicle that is unloadedthrough the use of a movable steel platelocated at back of haulage belt. Ram cartransports 12 tons of coal at a time. It iseither by battery or diesel powered. It takes24 seconds to discharge a load of coal intofeeder breaker. It can travel with a speed of6 mph.

ATRS (Advanced Temporary RoofSupport):-ATRS eliminates the need fortemporary posts and jacks in mostapplications. It also reduces the minerexposure hazards. Operates in seam heightof 6 to 17 foot seam. High strength elevatingbooms drill without direct from floor below.Mechanized mesh rack and mat racks as wellas winch on material pods facilitate loadingand storing. Bolting pattern is establishedrelative to roof and sides. Standard90degrees mast tilt allows angle and ribdrilling. Fletcher ATRS eliminates the needfor temporary posts and jacks in mostapplications for side bolting.

Creative people are the slowest to adopt new technology

CONTINOUS MINERS by Samuel Prathap. V, Bhargav.CH, Chaitanya.M

CONTINOUS MINER:-The continuousminer product line has been developed tomeet high productivity requirements oftoday’s underground coal miningindustry. Continuous miner (CM)operates a ROOM AND PILLAR miningsystem. A series of 18 or 20 foot widerooms are driven in coal bed with pillarsand columns of coal left standing to helpsupport the roof. Roof bolts, typically 2 to3 meters long steel bolts inserted intoroof strata to bind the strata together tosupport roof.CM is used for both soft andhard cutting applications in any seamthickness. It will be operated by12member per a shift Continuous miner iselectrically powered and track mounted.It also eliminates Drilling and Blasting.This is used to develop long wall panelsalso. It has large rotating steel drumequipped with tungsten carbide teeththat scrape coal from seam at the rate of8 to 15 tons of coal per minute. Thescrape of coal is retrieved to any MineLocomotives.

FEEDER BREAKER:-This iscustom designed to minimize theoperating costs and increase mineproduction by allowing haulage andconveying system to work most efficientrate

Surge capacity allows haulageequipment is discharge mined materialat its maximum rate. Powerful rotarypick breaker reduces mined material to aconsistent, easily handled size. Haulageinterface intake end can be designed towork with any haulage equipmentincluding battery powered like ram car,scoops, shuttle cars, LHD’s or trucks.

LOAD CENTER:-Load centerprovides efficiency and safety, remainsuser friendly for the individuals whooperate and maintain it, and complieswith all applicable industry standards. Ittransforms high voltage input to lowvoltage outputs. It provides durable andreliable power centers of the highestquality.Robotic continuous miners with sensorswill lead the next generation ofcontinuous miners in India. Roboticcontinuous miner would have its ownnavigation and guidance systems as wellas internal diagnostics to spot problemsand video equipment to allowcontinuous monitoring of miningoperations. “Thus Continuous miners ofgreat usage with efficient usage oftechnology to make the work in themines easier.”

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NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION (NFC)

NFC is a set of standards for smart phonesand similar devices to establish radiocommunication with each other by touchingthem together or bringing them into closeproximity.NFC standards covercommunication protocols and dataexchange formats, and are based onexisting radio frequencyidentification(RFID) standards includingISO/IEC 18092 and those defined by theNFC forum, which was founded in 2004 byNOKIA,PHILIPS,SONY and now has morethan 160 members. NFC is a set of shortrange wireless technologies, typicallyrequiring a distance of 10cm or less. NFCoperates at 13.56 MHz on ISO/IEC 18000-3 air interface and at rates ranging from106kbits to 140kbits.

COMPARISION WITHBLUETOOTH:

NFC operates at slower speed thanBluetooth, but consumes far less poweranddoesn’t require paring. The connection between two NFCdevices is automatically established quicklyin lessthan a tenth of a second. NFC requires comparatively low power,similar to the Bluetooth V4.0 low energyprotocol. When NFC works with an unpowered

device, however the NFC powerconsumption is greater than that ofBluetooth V4.0 low energy, sinceilluminating the passive tag needsextra power.

USES:NFC builds upon RFID system by allowingtwo way communications between endpoints, where earlier systems such ascontact less smart cards were one wayonly.It has been used in devices such asSAMSUNG NEXUS, powered with ice-creamsandwich, named with a feature called“ANDROID BEAM”. Android beam uses NFCto enable Bluetooth on both devices,instantly pair them and disable Bluetoothonce complete automatically on bothdevices. This only work between androiddevices version jelly bean and above. Ithas also been used in SAMSUNG GALAXYSIII with features named as s-beam. It isan extension of android beam.It is mainly used in: Commerce Social networking Identity and access tokens Smart phone automation and NFC tags

Rinisha.K 2nd C.S.E

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Introduction:Homi Jahangir Bhabha was an Indian nuclearphysicist, founding director, and professor ofphysics at the Tata Institute of FundamentalResearch. Colloquially known as "father ofIndian nuclear programme", Bhabha was thefounding director of two well-known researchinstitutions, namely the Tata Institute ofFundamental Research (TIFR) and theTrombay Atomic Energy Establishment (nownamed after him); both sites were thecornerstone of Indian development of nuclearweapons which Bhabha also supervised as itsdirector.

Homi J. BhabhaBhabha was born on 30th October 1909 to Jahangir HormusjiBhabha and Meheren. He obtained his Mechanical Engineeringdegree from Cambridge University.He had at Cambridge University as he befriended with aninfluential theoretical physicist Raziuddin Siddiqui whoparticipated in a British nuclear programme (Tube Alloys). Heworked in Cavendish Laboratory towards his doctorate inphysics. This lab was the birth place of discovery of neutron byJames Chadwick.Coming to his research of nuclear physics, in 1933 JanuaryBhabha first published scientific paper “The absorption ofcosmic radiation” where he explained about the absorptionfeatures and electron shower production in cosmic rays thatfetched him the doctorate in nuclear physics.After scoring firstin math’s Tripos, in 1934 he received Isaac Newton studentship.In 1935 he received his doctorate in theoretical physics underRalph.H.Fowler. In the same year he published his next paper inThe Proceedings of Royal Society, Series A that said about thefirst calculation to determine cross section of electron-positronscattering which later got famous as Bhabha’s scattering. Duringhis studentship he split his time working with Neil’s Bohr and in1936 they published a paper “The passage of fast electron andthe theory of cosmic showers” where they explained using theirtheories on how primary cosmic rays from outer space interactwith the upper atmosphere to produce particles observed atground level.

Return to India:During 2nd world war, he returned back to India when decidednot to go back and served at IISC Bengaluru headed by SirC.V.Raman where he established Cosmic Ray Research Unit. Hewas elected as Fellow of Royal Society.

After joining IISC he discovered that there was no researchinstitute for nuclear physics, cosmic rays, high energy rays andother fundamental topics of Physics. He then proposedJ.R.D.Tata to establish a vigorous school of research infundamental physics, where he explained that if a vigorousschool of research in fundamental physics could be establishedthen various competent research workers could work betterwhen they are brought under a single umbrella united thanscattered all over the India. Such school could solve immediatepractical problems in industry and also become spear head ofresearch in less advanced physics branches also. And also withsufficient number of pure researchers would set a standard forgood research and act as its directing board for advisory. Withthis India will not have to look abroad for its experts but willfind them ready at hand.

The subjects on which research and advanced teaching wouldbe done would be theoretical physics, especially onfundamental problems and with special reference to cosmicrays and nuclear physics, and experimental research on cosmicrays. It is neither possible nor desirable to separate nuclearphysics from cosmic rays since the two are closely connectedtheoretically.

Then sir J.R.D.Tata trust accepted the proposal and tofund the institute choosing the suitable place as Bombay.In 1945 in an area about 540 sq. meters Tata Institute ofFundamental Research (TIFR). Initially it was done at RoyalYacht Club. Later for advancement of technology Bhabharealized that in Trombay about an area of 1200 acres land,it established in 1954 Atomic energy EstablishmentTrombay. In 1955Bhabha represented India inInternational Atomic Energy Forums (I.A.E.F) conferenceon and U.N conference on peaceful uses of Atomic EnergyGeneva, Switzerland.

“Coming to his achievements he awarded with the*PADMABHUSHAN* in the year 1954 for theadvancement of Nuclear physics.”

Homi J. Bhabha (1909-1966)

Father of Indian nuclear programme

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Vision behind India’s 3-stage nuclearprogramme

The main theme of this program is to focus on extractingnuclear power from the country’s vast Thorium reservesthan meager Uranium reserve. Bhabha paraphrased the 3-stage approach as:-

The long range at power programme in India must be basedon Thorium rather than Uranium due to abundant Thoriumreserve (500,000 tones currently 846,000 tones) in

extractable formrather than meagerUranium reserves.

Hire the firstgeneration of atomicpower station basedon natural Uraniumcan only be used tostart an atomicpower programme.The secondgeneration of powerstation may be

regarded as an intermediate step, where Plutonium isproduced by first generation power station used here toproduce electric power and convert Thorium U-233(depleted Uranium) into more plutonium with breeding gain.

The second generation of power stations may be regardedas an intermediate step for the breeder power stations of thethird generation all of which would produce more U-233 thanthey burn in the course of producing power.

As a result of Bhabha's vision, "India has the mosttechnically ambitious and innovative nuclear energy programin the world. The extent and functionality of its nuclearexperimental facilities are matched only by those in Russiaand are far ahead of what is left in the US.

End of his journey:He died when Air India Flight 101 crashed near Mont Blancon 24 January 1966.After his death, the Atomic EnergyEstablishment at Trombay was renamed as the BhabhaAtomic Research Centre in his honour.

The famed radio telescope at Ooty, India was his initiative,and it became a reality in 1970. The Homi BhabhaFellowship Council has been giving the Homi BhabhaFellowships since 1967 other noted institutions in his nameare the Homi Bhabha National Institute; an Indian deemeduniversity and the Homi Bhabha Centre for ScienceEducation, Mumbai, India.By

Father of Indian nuclear programme

Brain TeaserNeha was so fond of chocolates. On the eve of Diwali her dad Pranshu bought six boxesof chocolates of which two of them were red, two gold and two silver. Neha was veryexcited to see those boxes. She asked her dad to give her the chocolate boxes. Her dadjust wanted to tease her and he gave her a puzzle to get the chocolates. He told herthat two of the boxes contained 10 chocolates each, two contained 15 chocolates eachand two contained 25 chocolates each. She was allowed to choose any two boxes of thesame colour. The total contents of which would be her. To help her decide, her fatherleft short notes on each box. The note on red boxes stated that "Both a gold box and ared box contain 10 chocolates each.", the one on silver boxes stated that " Both a silverbox and a red box contain 25 chocolates each." and the one on gold boxes stated that "Both a gold box and a silver box contain 15 chocolates each."Only one of the threestatements is correct and the corresponding two boxes contain the greatest total of thethree possible pairs. Help Neha to get maximum number of chocolates and also givethe contents of each pair.

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Tejaswi.Manthatti

Reinforced concrete By Uday KumarReinforced concrete is a composite material inwhich concrete's relatively low tensilestrength and ductility are counteracted by the inclusion ofreinforcement having higher tensile strength and/orductility.The reinforcement is usually, though not necessarily, steel

reinforcing bars (rebar) and is usually embedded passivelyin the concrete before it sets. Reinforcing schemes aregenerally designed to resist tensile stresses in particularregions of the concrete that might causeunacceptable cracking and/or structural failure. Modernreinforced concrete can contain varied reinforcingmaterials made of steel, polymers or alternate compositematerial in conjunction with rebar or not. For astrong, ductile and durable construction the reinforcementneeds to have the following properties at least:

High relative strength High toleration of tensile strain

Good bond to the concrete, irrespective of pH,moisture, and similar factors

Thermal compatibility, not causing unacceptablestresses in response to changing temperatures.

Disadvantages of reinforced concrete

It needs mixing, casting and curing, all of whichaffect the final strength of concrete

The cost of the forms used to cast concrete isrelatively high

It has low compressive strength as compared tosteel (the ratio is about 1:10 depending onmaterial) which leads to large sections incolumns/beams of multistory buildings Cracksdevelop in concrete due to shrinkage and theapplication of live loads

Structural members must be designed to support specificloads. Loads are those forces for which a structure shouldbe proportioned. Loads that act on structure can bedivided into three categories.

1. Dead loads2. Live loads3. Environmental load

Dead Loads: Dead loads are those that are constant inmagnitude and fixed in location throughout the lifetimeof the structure. It includes the weight of the structureand any permanent material placed on the structure,such as roofing, tiles, walls etc. They can be determinedwith a high degree of accuracy from the dimensions ofthe elements and the unit weight of the material.

Live loads: Live loads are those that may vary inmagnitude and may also change in location. Live loadsconsists chiefly occupancy loads in buildings and trafficloads in bridges. Live loads at any given time are uncertain,both in magnitude and distribution.

Environmental loads: Consists mainly of snow loads, windpressure and suction, earthquake loads (i.e. inertial forces)caused by earthquake motions. Soil pressure on subsurfaceportion of structures, loads from possible ponding ofrainwater on flat surfaces and forces caused bytemperature differences. Like live loads, environmentalloads at any given time are uncertain both in magnitudeand distribution.

Advantages of reinforced concrete

It hasrelativelyhigh compressivestrength It has betterresistance to firethan steel

It has longservice life withlow maintenancecost In some

types ofstructures, suchas dams, piersand footings, it ismost economicalstructural material It can be cast to take the shape required , making it

widely used in pre-cast structural components It yields rigid members with minimum apparent

deflection Yield strength of steel is about 15 times

the compressive strength of structural concrete and well over100 times its tensile strength By using steel, cross sectional dimensions of structural

members can be reduced e.g. in lower floor columns.

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WI-MAXby Shyam.CH

WI-MAX (Worldwide Interoperabilityfor Microwave Access) is a wirelesscommunicationsbaseduponIEEEStd 802.16e-2005,approved in December 2005.With the2011 update it is providing up to1Gbit/sec internet access for fixedstations.

The intention of WI-MAX is toprovide fixed, nomadic, portableand, eventually mobile wirelessbroadband connectivity.

WI-MAX can provide at-home ormobile Internet access acrosswhole cities or countries.

Mobile WI-MAX was areplacement candidatefor cellular phone technologiessuch as GSM and CDMA, or canbe used as an overlay to increasecapacity.

Fixed WI-MAX is also consideredas a wireless backhaul technologyfor 2G, 3G, and 4G networks inboth developed and developingnations.

HTC announced the first WI-MAX enabled mobile phone,the Max 4G, on November 12,2008. The device was onlyavailable to certain markets inRussia on the Yota network.

Advantages: A single WI-MAX can serve

hundreds of users. End points installs within days

instead of weeks required forwired connections.

Users can operate mobiles in 3-5miles of base station at 75 Mbps.

It provides centralized accesscontrol to prevent collisions.

Comparison b/w 3G, Wi-Fi, WiMAX

3G Wi-Fi WiMAX

Max Speed 2 Mbps 54 Mbps 100 Mbps

Coverage Several Miles 300 Feet 50 Miles

Advantages Range, Mobility Speed, price Speed, Mobility

Disadvantages Slow, expensive Short range Interference

For more details visit www.wimaxforum.org, www.wimax.com, & Wikipedia

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MEDICALMIRRORBY: ANIL KUMAR. (EEE III YEAR)Introduction:Digital medical devices promise to transform thefuture of medicine because of their ability to produceexquisitely detailed individual physicalogical data.current techniques for monitoring typically requireusers to strap on bulk sensors chest straps are stickyelectrodes a new mirror interface for real time contactfree measurements of heart rate without the need forexternal sensors

Design:Medical mirror to provide a natural user interface anLCD monitor with a built in web cam to provide aninteracting display. A two way mirror was fitted on theframe to present a reflective surface for the users innormal lighting conditions. The user is visible on theweb cam and the LCD monitor would be projectinformation on the reflective surface of the mirror. Themonitor and the web cam are connected to a laptoprunning the analysis software in real time

How does the technology work?It uses light to measure the information from yourbody. Whenever the heartbeats the blood in the bloodvessels increases very slightly. Blood absorbs light andso this increase absorbs more mono light decreasingthe amount of light being transmitted or by yourbody.in this were just using ambient light around yousunlight room light or anything that’s illuminating yourenvironment the camera then measures the moonlightbeing reflected off you, in this case your face.

Conclusion:This project illustrates an innovating approach topervasive health monitoring based on the state of arttechnology. The medical mirror seamlesslyinto theambient home environment blending the dataconnection process into the course of our daily

routines. For example, one can envision collectinghealth data when using the mirror for shaving brushingtooth etc. This interface is intended to provide aconvenient means for people to track their daily healthwith minimal effort the mirror can calculate only theheart rate.

Do you know???Power generation using speedbreaker with Auto Street lightIn the present day scenario, power is a major need for human life.There is a need to develop non-conventional sources for powergeneration due to this reason that our conventional sources of powerare getting scarcer by the day. This proper emphasis on that thekinetic energy getting wasted while vehicles move can be utilized togenerate power by using a special arrangement called “powerhump”. This generated power can be used for general powerapplications like street lights, traffic signals. In addition, we couldalso have solar panels, which would satisfy our power needs whenthere is no vehicular movement. Coming to its mechanism the kineticenergy which is wasted from the vehicles is utilized by an electromechanical unit called power hump. All this mechanism can behoused under the dome, like speed breaker, which is called hump. Itutilizes both mechanical technologies and electrical technologies forthe power generation and its storage. Whenever the vehicle isallowed to pass over dome it gets pressed downwards then thesprings that are attached to the dome are compressed and the rackwhich is attached to the bottom of the dome move downward inreciprocating motion. Since the rack has teeth connected to gearsthere exists conversion of reciprocating motion of rack into rotarymotion gears but the two gears rotate in opposite direction. A flywheel is mounted on the shaft whose function is to regulate thefluctuation in the energy and to make the energy uniform. So theshaft will rotate with certain rpm. These shafts connected through abelt drive to the dynamos, which converts the mechanical energyinto electrical energy and the conversion is proportional to trafficdensity. Whenever the armature rotates between the magnetic fieldsof south and north poles an emf is induced in it. For this rotationkinetic energy of moving vehicles is utilized. The power is generatedin both directions so to convert into one direction a specialcomponent called zener diode is used. The electrical output can beimproved by connecting the power humps in series. This generatedpower can be amplified and stored by using different electricaldevices. The equipment’s involved in this are rack and pinion gears,ball bearings, spur gear, flywheel, shafts, springs, electric dynamo. Incoming days, this will prove a great boon to the world, since it willsave a lot of electricity of power plants that gets wasted inilluminating the street lights. As the conventional sources aredepleting very fast, then it’s the time to think of alternatives. So thisidea not only provide alternative but also adds to the economy of thecountry.

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2

5Gallery- SMAARYASmaarya 2K13 with all the staff members and chief guests Welcoming of the chief guest Ravi Shankar RG-2 GM

Chief patron N.V. Ramana Rao Registrar JNTUH, presenting awards to the toppers in academics (above), to the toppers of sports(below)

Spectators- students, staff

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13Gallery- SMAARYA

Principal Prof. B. Balu Naik distributing the prizes to the students for their achievement insports

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4Gallery- SMAARYAPrize Distribution by Vice principal and H.O.Ds

Glimpse of Previous Smaarya

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Emerging Support Concept: Thin Spray-on Liners

Accidents resulting from rock falls occur frequently inthe vicinity of active mining faces where workers spendmost of their time. Installation of conventional surfacesupport methods has been successful in overcoming thisproblem. However, they are expensive, time consuming,and their thickness results in logistical problems due tolarge material volumes. "Thin Spray-on Liner (TSL)" isan emerging alternative surface support system withremote, rapid and easy spraying techniques.

The support action of TSL is still not well understood.Currently, there is no standard test methodology for TSLsand it is not possible to evaluate the quality andperformance capabilities of TSL products. Assessment ofTSL performance would be possible once the designstandards and requirements are determined. Only then,will more effective use of TSL be possible in any supportdesign. Increasing the use of surface support methods,such as mesh, shotcrete or fibrecrete, near the face wouldreduce the risk of rock fall injuries; however, thesesupport components have disadvantages. Application ofmesh is expensive and time consuming, while the requiredshotcrete thickness results in logistical problems due tolarge material volumes which need to be supplied. Totalelimination of rock related accidents is not possible bystrict measures on ground support as human involvementin mining activity cannot be eliminated with currenttechnology.

An emerging alternative surface support system in theform of "Thin Spray-on Liners (TSLs)" has the potentialto reduce accident levels and to increase productivity byminimising interference on the mining activities due toremote and rapid spraying techniques. Several ThinSprayed Liners suitable for various mining environmentsand geotechnical conditions are available and could bewell suited as additional support or consolidation mediumin the undercut level development in a block cave wherethis may be required. The term TSL (Thin Sprayed Liner)came into prominence during the late 1990’s with thedevelopment of products which initially were designed toprovide aerial support between roof bolts or packs, or toreplace steel mesh as a baggage carrier. TSLs are beingextensively used at present in platinum and chrome mineswith relatively limited application in other hard rock anddiamond mines.

There are currently about 55 mines around the world thatare considering the use of TSL for rock support and thisnumber is increasing steadily. The greatest interest is inNorth America, Australia, and South Africa.

Polymer based TSL's can either be non-reactive orreactive. Reactive TSLs are made from isocyanatcs(polyurethanes, polyureas) and acrylates. First versions ofTSL were of single component "glue emulsion" type andwere not suitable due to health & safety requirements.Later on, two and three well component TSL systemswere developed. Polymer based liners normally requirephysical combination of two liquid chemicals or a liquidand a powder phase to form liner material. Today,utilization of two-component, reactive TSL systems areincreasing due to ease of application, longer shelf livesand fast curing limes.

The following mechanical properties are relevant andcould be tested in defining TSL properties i.e.:• Tensile Strength (Elongation)• Adhesion (Bond) Strength• Tear Strength• Shear Strength• Creep Behaviour• Impact Strength (Abrasion)

Specimen preparation, speed of testing andenvironmental factors may change the test results. Nomatter which testing method is developed, the two mostimportant factors, temperature and humidity, need to berecorded for the test duration. Another shortcoming willexist if the test does not consider any interaction betweenthe TSL material and the applied surface.The ease of application of Thin Sprayed Liners willensure minimal interference with the development cycleand improve safety and productivity. The equipmentrequired for Thin Sprayed Liners are small whencompared to conventional shotcrete equipment and canreadily be moved between sites. There are various typesof Thin Sprayed Liner pumping and mixing equipmentavailable, however the use of equipment with independentmixing and pumping arrangements is recommended toreduce application cycle times.

Thin Sprayed Liners have the potential to benefit themine by offering improved productivity, profitability andsafety. From a manufacturing perspective it is veryunlikely that all the characteristics that TSL could havecan be included in one “super” product. For this reasonthe proper selection and application of the correct ThinSprayed Liner is very important to be able to significantlyimprove ground conditions and reduce related injuries.

Ref: Worldwide conference papers Kranthi Kumar SiliveriDepartment of Mining [III-1]

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First step to become a programmer: Learn theBasicsHere, I'm going to share with you my knowledgeabout some basics on programming. You can seehere three basic components of programming.1) Pseudo Code2) Algorithm3) Programming Code

1)Pseudo Code:Pseudo Code is the documentation for theprogrammer. It is a mix of different types of symbolsused to convey a message.The Pseudo Code for the above coding is:0.Start1.Accept A2.Accept B3.C=A+B4.Display C5.Stop

2)Algorithms:Algorithms are written in proper English. Noprogramming language is used to writeAlgorithms.The Algorithm for the above coding is:0.Start1.Make the user enter the first number and save itas A2.Make the user enter the second number and saveit as B3.Save the sum of A and B as C4.Display the value of C5.End

3) Programming code:It is the main part of a software or programme. Ittells the computer what to accept as input, how toprocess it and when and what to display as theoutput.I will show you an example of a simple programmingcode using Python. If you plan on becoming a goodprogrammer, then I would recommend using Pythonas your first compiler as it is easier to use forbeginners.Download Python: After installing open the GUIversion of it and enter the code below. (It's not

necessary to download Python,If you canunderstand the code without it)Programming code:# This program can be used to input two numbersand get the sum of those two as output.a = input ("Enter the first number”)b = input ("Enter the second number”)c = a+bprint "The sum of the two numbers is", c

Expressions used :# is used to give information about the programme.The line which begins with # is not shown to theusers. It is used to give information about theprogramme to other programmers.A = input: This tells the program to accept and savefirst input as AB = input: This tells the program to accept and savefirst input as BC = a+b: This tells the program to add the valuessaved in A and Bprint "The sum of the two numbers is", c : This tellthe program to show the output or display the valueof C.(".......") : The messages inside these boxes areinstructions to the users.Now those who already installed Python can savethis as name.py" and run it!Example of how it will work:Enter the first number 1 (I input 1 and pressedEnter)Enter the second number 3 (I input 3 and pressEnter)4 (This is the output or result)

By :Uday Kumar AppamDept. of CSE III Year

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Rooftop Solar Plants a Viable BusinessOpportunityFor organizations planning toshift from conventional energyto solar power use, a rooftopsolar photovoltaic (PV) powerplant can not only be a moneysaver but also money spinnerwith excess power supplied to

the utility grid. While the Ministry of New andRenewable Energy (MNRE) is still in the process oflaying down specificationsfor incentives, experts feelthat with the right policies and execution, solarrooftop installations can be a hot trend in greentechnology. It is a profitable business concept, andhence a viable investment option.

First, it is important to have a basic understandingof the components of a solar power system and howthese generate electricity. PV solar power systemsare very simple electric power generating systemscomprising the following basic components:

1. A set of PV panels that convert sunlight (photons)into direct-current (DC) electricity2. A racking system that firmly holds the panels tothe roof, exposing these to the sun at anadvantageous angle3.Inverters that convert DC electricity intoalternating current (AC) electricity4. Wiring that connects everything5. A storage battery (in the case of a grid-fed powerplant, a large-sized battery is not necessary to storeand use that power after sunset)6. A variety of means to tilt the panels toward thesun to generate more electricity7. Energy meters to record the en-energy that issupplied to the grid8. Junction boxes9. Earthling kits

currently, commercially available silicon-based solarPV panels are made from solar cells encased in aspecial type of toughened glass. Silicon solarmodules have been in the fieldfor more than 50years and perform quite predictably. These areguaranteed for 25 years of field life but the poweryield drops about 0.6 per cent a year. One can useMonocrystalline (made from a single crystal) orpolycrystalline (made from multiple crystals) panels.Monocrystalline panels are a little more efficientbutthe cost per watt is almost the same.

Installation and RequirementsWhen solar PV modules are installed on a building’srooftop to generate solar power, it is called a rooftoppower plant. Rooftop PV installation can either bedone for standalone use or to feed into the grid.

Installation by integrators

Many solar system installers and owners have hadgood experience in anchoring the panel structures.This has to be done scientificallyand with care. It ispossible to have non-anchored installation systemsbut these need to be very carefully designed to with-stand heavy winds. Such systems are designed toconnect the solar power system to a roof usingweights, rather than fasteners that must beanchored to the roof. Solar installation companies,often called integrators, can complete a smallrooftop project within a few weeks. Before signing acontract with an integrator, evaluate the roof forsolar installation with respect to:

1}goodroofcondition2}flatSpaceavailability3}Weightload

Investments involvedThe investment primarily depends upon the size ofthe power plant, which varies from a small kilowattto multi-megawatt plant. At present, good-qualityoff-grid rooftop solar power plants can be installedat a cost of Rs 250,000 per kW. Under the NationalSolar Mission policy, the benchmark price for an off-grid system is Rs 270,000 per kW peak. For a grid-connected system, it is Rs 190,000 per kW peak.The government also provides a 30 per cent subsidyon the benchmark price. Installation costs would

Solar rooftopinstallations agoodinvestmentoptionconsideringboth tangibleand intangiblebenefits.

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differ in case of remote installations and poor siteconditions.

Economic advantagesToday, the cost of generating electricity using adiesel generation (DG) set is in the range of Rs 20-22 per unit, whereas generating solar power costsonly Rs 13-15 per unit. Thus solar rooftopinstallation is a good investment option consideringboth tangible and intangible benefits.

Eligibility criteria for projectproponentWhile the government is yet to announce the policy for rooftopgrid-connected power plants, it has laid down certain guidelinesfor rooftop PV and other small solar power plants connected todistribution networks at voltage levels below 33 kV. Hereinafter,the programme is referred to as Rooftop PV & Small Solar PowerGeneration Programme (RPSSGP).

Technical criteria. The project schemes that propose todeploy PV modules and inverter systems are considered to betechnically qualified and eligible for participation in the RPSSGPscheme only if these comply with relevant IEC/BIS standardsand/or applicable standards as specified by the CentralElectricity Authority (CEA). For solar PV projects to be selectedunder this scheme, it is mandatory that these are based oncrystalline silicon technology and use modules manufactured inIndia. There will be no mandatory domestic contentrequirement for projects based on other technologies. For solarthermal technology, it is mandatory that the technology isdemonstrated and such projects should be operational for oneyear. Project proponents should submit documentary evidenceand an undertaking in this regard along with their applicationsto the competent authority in the state.

Metering arrangements:Meters comply with therequirements and guide lines of state CEA regulations on themeter installation and operation.

Financial criteria. The project proponents should submitsletters of commitment for equity investments in the project,calculated on the basis of Rs 40 million per mw.

Infrastructure criteria for landrequirement. The project proponents makes arrangementsfor land required for the project as per conditions outlined byrespective state competent authority.

Infrastructure criteria for grid connectivityrequirement. The plant should be designed forinterconnection with the grid at the distribution network at thevoltage level depending on the installed capacity of the rooftopPV or small solar system generator.(For the complete requirement list please visit

www.mnre.gov.in)

With a rooftop installation, one can recover theproject’s cost within five t six years. Also, typically,a solar power plant has a life of 25 years withproper maintenance.

More benefits for commercial unitsRooftop installation makes more sense forcommercial establishments as these can utilise thesolar power during peak-load daytime periods, thussaving the money required to set up battery banks.

Moreover for small and medium enterprises (SMEs),a rooftop installation for grid connection is far moreprofitable than a multi-megawatt plant whichrequires installation of six to eight transformers.Transformers are at most 98 per cent efficient andtherefor while generating solar power, some energyis lost due to the inefficiency of these transformers.So it is profitable to install smaller power plantswith 100 per cent of electricity production, whichcan then be transferred to the local utility.Government’s role in encouraging smallproducersChange in government policies will help rapidgrowth of the solar power sector in our country viarooftop and other low-power solar plants. MNREshould quickly clarify when the power utilities willbe instructed to buy solar power from 5kW-100kWsolar plants at the same rate as +1MW plants. Asmore and more rooftop solar power plants feedpower into the grid, local power utility companiesshould be happy to buy power at a higher price asthis will help them earn carbon credits.Government subsidiesGovernment subsidies for standalone rooftop PVinstallations vary from state to state. By installingthis solar system, monthly electricity bills fall byabout Rs 60 a month (calculated at the rate of Rs 2per unit). Conventional electricity bills are currentlyabout Rs 6-7 per unit for residential purposes andRs 10-12 per unit for commercialestablishments. The government is yet to announcethe final specifications and subsidies (or incentives)for rooftop installations that feed into the grid.

Some challengesThe major challenge faced by the projectdevelopers is to realise the benefits of the policy.Not only do the specifications vary from state tostate but also the buying rates. Some companiesare buying power at as low as Rs 11 per unit, thusdiscouraging players from venturing into thissegment as they make only a marginal profit.

ByVamshi.KVishnu teja.A

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Concrete shellstructures:The word shell is commonly used to describethe hard covering of eggs, crabs, lobsters,shrimes, and tortoises’ .The word shell isderived from the latin scalus as in fish-scale.shells are natural,logical and functional loadcarrying systems.eg: nuts, beaks and cramial bones.

Architects derive inspirations from thesenatural forms to create shell structures. Suchstructures combine the function of load bearingand space enclosure. A thin shell is curved slabwhose thickness is small compared with itsother dimensions and compare with its principalradius of curvature.

Definition:Three dimensional spacial structures made upof one more curved slabs for folded plateswhose thickness are smaller compared to theirdimensions. Concrete is suitable material forsuch structures. It offers many advantages,including easy processing, high compressionstrength, high durability and low price. In otherwords architect engineering "NERVI". Here ineffect is a material, which is by its monolithicityand plastic mouldability has widened beyondimagination of the scope of architecture.Concrete shell structures are able to span largedistances with minimal amount of material. Sothese shells are an example of strength throughforms is opposed to strength through mass.The designer of shell structure takes efforts todesign them as thin partical requirementspermit so that dead weight is reduced andstructure functions as a member free from largebending stresses.

A comparison of relative weights bringshome the difference between the modern thinshell domes that may be regarded as anevolution of structure form known and used byman from ancient times.

MODERN THIN CONCRETESTRUCTURESThe history of the modern thin concrete shellconstructions began in 1927 with theconstruction of a 16mt, 30mm thick reinforcedconcrete dome in jena, Germany. Thereafter,the technique spread covering other countriesin the world.

The first largest thin concrete shell in US wasdesigned in 1936 for an ice hockey arena. Infact the period between 1920's and 1960's isconsidered as the golden age of concrete shellin US and Europe. During 1960's shells werebuilt in europe by Heinz Isler and in India byR.Sundaram.examples: <<<<FIG>>>>

KANTEERAVA INORE STADIUMIN BENGALURU:

It was constructed using precast method.the stadium is in elliptical in plan with long andshort taxes of 390 feets (119mts) and 299 feets(91mts) respectively. The dome consists of 120Vshaped folded plates at the lower levelsupported on a tension ring beam and top levelto the elliptical compression ring beam. Thebottom beam rests on 24 columns with a pilefoundation. Although officially the capacity is4000 to 5000 peoples can be easilyaccommodated. The thickness of the foldedplate is 40mm.BySai Krishna (IIIrd Civil)

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Gallery of National Days at JNTUHCEM

All the members Present at the scene saluting theflag hoisted by the respectable Principal on 15th

August 2013.

An indelible patriotic lecture delivered by thePrincipal Prof. B. Balu Naik on 15th August 2013.

Greetings of independence by Vice Principal to thestaff and students on 15th August 2013.

On the Republic day, 26th January 2013 by thePrincipal hoisting our National flag.

A motivational and incredible speech delivered by thePrincipal to also aware students about the importanceof republic nation and encourages students to getaware of fundamental and constitutional rights on theconstitutional day of 26th January 2013.

Greetings of Republic day by Principal to the staffand students on 26th January 2013.

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ENERGY GENERATING FROM WASTE MINE GASESINTRODUCTION: The ventilation AirMethane Catalytic Turbine technology utilisesmethane from mine drainage gases toproduce electricity turning the oncehazardous waste product in to power that canbe used to power operations at mine.VAMCAT is the acronym for ventilation airmethane catalytic combustion gas turbine,Which has been developed and patented byCSIRO (the Commonwealth Scientific andIndustrial Research Organisation) with a goalto utilise gases with methane concentrationsbetween 0.3 % and 1.0%.VAM is oxidised byusing monolithic ceramic catalysts dopedwith Platinum and palladium, similar to thosethat are commonly used as catalyticconverters in automobiles in many countries.The heat which is set free is used to expandgases and the expansion of the gases drivesthe fans in a turbine in a conventional way, ina normal gas turbine of jet engine.

THE CHALLENGE: Methane released fromcoal during mining is highly flammable and amajor safety hazard at underground mines.For this reason the air in underground minemust be drained and vented to the surface.Methane is also a potent green house gas over20 times more damaging than co2 drainagegases releases approximately 28 billion m3 ofCH4 To the atmosphere every year fromglobal coal mining activity.

THE RESEARCH: VAMCAT (Ventilation AirMethane Catalytic Turbine) technology hasthe potential to significantly reduce globalmethane concentration drainage gas fromunderground coal mines for energyproduction. The technology uses a novelcatalytic combustion gas turbine system tooxidize methane to CO2 andH2O .generatingelectricity or otherwise explosive wasteproduct.A25Kw power generator

demonstration unit built at CSIRO’s (centralscience Industrial Research Organization)Queensland centre for advanced technologieswas trailed at an underground coal mine ofHuainan coal mining group in china inNovember 2011.china is the largest potentialuser of this technology accounting for 45% ofventilation air methane emissions. Thedemonstration unit can be operated withabout 0.8% Methane in air which issignificantly lower than conventional CH4 gasturbine.

FUTURE RESEARCH: Future research willfocus on the commercial opportunities fromusing VAMCAT to mitigate from othersources such as waste disposal and livestockfacilities. Many countries are in process ofdeveloping emissions abatement policies toreduce the level emissions of green housegases. More than 60% of mine methane is insuch lower concentrations that cost benefit ofmitigating the CH4 is difficult to achieve.

SIGNIFICANT BENEFITS

Portable and modular in design asunits can be moved as mines arerelocated.

Maintenance friendly. Lower cost due to system being

relative cool. Provide carbon credits for resale. Reduce a company’s Green House Gas

liability. Cost saving through displacement of

more expensive source of energy. ENVIRONMENT BENEFITS

INCLUDE Reduce Green House Gas emissions. Conserving local source of valuable,

clean energy.

By,SAMATH KUMAR.V, NAGA SANDEEP REDDY.P, RAVI.K - III MINING ENGINEERING

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clean energy.


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clean energy.


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Generally we do travel on the bikes at agreat speed but, when you suddenly come

across a speed breaker, even after application ofthe brakes some force still remains and we will have animpulse. Even when we travel at 20kmph, we need toobtain a lot of impulse. But in these days we are noteven getting a simple sense of them because we areusing the shock absorbers, which are nothing butcompression springs. So these springs which wereplaying a great role in shock absorbing systems.History:The history of springs begins with simple non-coiledsprings, which were used throughout human historye.g., the bow.

A Little about shock absorbers

In the Bronze Age more sophisticated spring deviceswere used, as shown by the spread of tweezers inmany cultures. Coiled appeared early in the 15thcentury, in door locks. The first spring powered-clocksappeared in that century and evolved into the firstlarge watches by the 16th century In 1676 Britishphysicist Robert Hooke discovered the principlebehind spring's action, that the force it exerts isproportional to its extension, now called Hooke's law

The Hooke’s law states that stress The Hooke’s lawstates that stress is directly prop to strain till u reach ayielding point beyond which elasticity is lost - thebreak-point. Strain = change in dimension produceddue to an external force acting on the body is directlyproportional to strain till u reach a yielding pointbeyond which elasticity is lost - the break-point. Strain= change in dimension produced due to an externalforce acting on the body.

WATER FUELED CAR

"Water” the universal solvent has proved universalrange of demands. It is a renewable source that canfulfill our needs in various ways. By using water manyscientists made experiments to run a car by using wateras a fuel. Finally, Japan scientist succeeded with flyingcolours.Due to electrolysis water splits into hydrogen andoxygen. These gases will be recombined by followingprocess to produce "oxyhydrogen” gas. This will be 2.4to 4 times more powerful than the normal "para-hydrogen" means negative state of hydrogen that can bepressurized into a metal tank. This gas was stored inplastic tanks, thus produces oxyhydrogen gas. This gaswill be passed through fuel cell. By using hydrogen thefuel cell produces electricity, based on which the carengine works. Thus water is used as a fuel instead ofpetrol or diesel.

Thushara priyamal edirisinghe claimed to drivewater fuelled car about 300km on 3 litres of water inJapan. Merits of using water fuelled cars are:

Ozone layers will return to pre-industrial situationswithout any holes & smog will disappear.

Water expenses less than the gasoline. On the other hand the water fuelled car is more

expensive, there are some developers functioning tomake cheaper cars.

You might not just save money and save environmentalso you will enjoy smooth and quieter ride. Thusreducing consumption of gas also protectsenvironment from pollution. This is the picturesque &innovative thought that saves our environment frombeing destroyed.

Some of the Known Facts

–Madhavi Sethu 2nd yr

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Extraction of Coal in PillarsPILLAR EXTRACTION IN THICK SEAMS

In India large reserves of coal are locked inpillars developed in multiple and thick seams, whichare not amenable to normal depillaring operationas the percentage of extraction achieved is verylow and unsafe operating conditions are also likelyto occur.

To overcome such problems a trial hasrecently been conducted by National Institute ofRock mechanics at RK-8 incline, SCCL forsimultaneous extraction of pillars in three seams,each of about 7-9m between the seams. To assessthe stability of partings and to design a suitablesupport system, observations of strata behaviorwere made during simultaneous extraction of thepillars in the experimental panel, which includedthe three seams.

It was observed that maximum roof to floorcumulative convergence was about 8mm in thepanel. The maximum rate of convergence wasabout 2mm/day prior roof falls in the goaf. Verticalsupports near the goaf edge experienced amaximum load on the support in the galleriesremained within 4T. The average rate of change ofload near goaf edge was 1.5t/day prior to the rooffall. It was found that estimation of supportrequirement based on “Q” classification tended tooverestimate the actual requirement for lowerseams. The intensity of abutment load in theexperimental panel was not high. The maximumchange in stress over the pillars was only about 0.8MPa, 0.7 MPa and 0.6 MPa in No.3, 4 and 5seamsrespectively, which were attributed to thedistressing due to regular roof falls in the overlyingseams. The results of the numerical model usingFLAC-2D were in close agreement with theobserved field behavior. In the model, the stabilityfactor for the partings in the development workingswas estimated to be greater than1.0 for parting

thicknesses more than6m. The extraction of threerows pillars in No.3 seam was also simulated usingnumerical modeling. In the model, the safety factorof the partings between No.3, 4 and 5 seams wasless than 1.0 in the goafed out area.

WIDE STALL METHOD

Of the large reserves of coal locked indeveloped pillars a substantial portion is sterilizeddue to the presence of structures and inhabitedlocalities on the surface .In such cases only partialextraction from these pillars can be considered inview of the need to avoid subsidence and damageto the surface .The prevailing method under suchconditions in splitting of the coal pillars, withoutfurther extraction of the resultant stooks, followedby stowing with sand. The drawback of thismethod, however, is that the percentage ofrecovery is low and comes down sharply to as lowas 30 with increasing seam thickness due toadverse slenderness ratio of the pillars. Wide stallmethod was conceived to improve coal recoveryunder such conditions. The method was tried on alaboratory scale with the help of equivalentmaterial modeling and then experimented by a fieldtrial at East Bhuggatdih Colliery of BCCL in a16.5m thick seam lying below built-up areas on thesurface. The extraction procedure involvedformation of 7 to 9m wide stalls, which wereextended to full working height, leaving the pillarcore as natural support to the roof. Over 45%overall recovery could be achieved with a safetyfactor of more than one for remnant pillar coresleft for long-term stability.

By Vamshi NeduriMINING MACHINERYDepartment of Mining

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Miscellaneous Gallery

Students who won awards in inter college championshipare receiving their awards on the hands of the principalDr. B. Balu Naik.

Staff answering to the queries asked by the parentson the orientation day programme in an interactivesession conducted after the orientation programme.

Vanamahotsav – plantation of trees conducted on theEnvironment day programme in JNTUHCEM Campus on22nd July 2013.

Medical camp conducted during the N.S.S special campsheld during the year 2012.

Rally conducted by the NSS providing awareness to therural people about education, sanitation and maintenance.

A special NSS educational camp was conducted inschools in the rural areas surrounding our college.

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Blood Donation Camp

Chief Guest Dr. D. Nimma Naik with JNTUHCEM Participants giving their names for blood donation CampPrincipal Prof B. Balu Naik NSS unit co-coordinatorDr. K. Shahu Chatrapathi.

Not only students but also a guest faculty Donated Students actively came forward to donateblood which is an act of appreciation. blood, about 90 members have donated with

multi blood groups.

Blood Donation is a gift of life to both the donorand receiver.

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Tidal energy is a formof hydropower that converts theenergy in tides into useful forms ofpower - mainly electricity.

Although not so widely used, tidalpower has potential forfuture electricity needs. Tides aremore predictable than windenergy and solar power. Tidalpower is the only renewable energysources has a major disadvantageof high cost and limited sites withsufficiently high tidal ranges, thusconstricting its total availability.

However, advanced technicaldevelopments both in design(e.g. dynamic tidal power, tidallagoons) and turbine technology(e.g. new axial turbines, cross flowturbines),indicate that the totalavailability of tidal power may bemuch higher than that assumed,and thus economic andenvironmental costs may bereduced. The rise and fall of the sealevel or tidal power can beharnessed to generate electricity.

Tidal PowerTidal power involves erect of a damacross the opening to a tidal basin.The dam includes a sluice that isopened to allow the tide to flow intothe basin; the sluice is then closed,and as the sea level drops,hydropower technologies can beused to generate electricity from the

elevated water in the basin. Someresearchers are trying to extractenergy directly from tidal flowstreams also. The energy potentialof tidal basins is high, the La Rance

station in France, generates 240MW of power.Currently, France is the only countrysuccessfully using this powersource. French engineers havenoted that if the tidal power usedglobally was brought to higher level,then the Earth would slow itsrotation by 24 hours every 2,000

years. Tidal energysystems can have

environmentalimpacts on tidalbasins because ofreduced tidal flowand silt buildup.3 Ways of Usingthe Tidal Power ofthe OceanThere are three

basic ways to tap the ocean for itsenergy: ocean's waves, ocean'shigh and low tides and temperaturedifferences in the water.

1. Wave EnergyKinetic energy exists in the movingwaves of the ocean. That energycan be used to power a turbine. Inthis simple example, the wave risesinto a chamber that forces the airout of the chamber. The moving airspins a turbine which can turn agenerator. When the wave goes

down, airflows

through theturbine andback into

thechamber through closed doors. Thisis one type of wave-energy system.Others use the up and down motionof the wave to power a piston that

Most wave-energy systems are verysmall. But, they can be used topower a warning buoy or a smalllight house.

2. Tidal EnergyAnother form of ocean energy iscalled tidal energy. When tidescome into the shore, they can betrapped in reservoirs. Then whenthe tide drops, the water behind thedam is let out just like in a regularhydroelectric power plant. In orderfor this to work well, you need largeincreases in tides. An increase of atleast 16 feet from low tide to hightide is needed. There are only a fewplaces where this tide changeoccurs around the earth. Somepower plants are already operatingusing this idea. One plant in Francemakes enough energy from tides topower 240,000 homes.

3. Ocean Thermal EnergyThe final ocean energy idea usestemperature differences in theocean. If you ever swim in theocean and dove deep below thesurface, you would have noticedthat the water gets colder thedeeper you go. It's warmer on thesurfacebecausesunlightwarms thewater. Butbelow thesurface,the oceangets very cold. That's why scubadivers wear wet suits that trap theirbody heat to keep them warm whenthey dive down deep. Power plantscan be built that use this differencein temperature to make energy. Adifference of at least 38 degreesFahrenheit is needed between thethis type

TIDAL ENERGY-POWER PRODUCTION

Don’t spend time on a wall, hoping to transform it into a door.

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of energy source is calledOcean Thermal Energy Conversion(OTEC). It is being used in Japanand Hawaii in some demonstrationswarmer surface water and the olderdeep ocean water.

moves up and down inside a cylinderwhich can also turn a generator.

echnology is all of making complicated things aseasier as possible to people. Today’sglobalizedworld shelters manynew technologies, one which

took its identity is solar powered technology.We have got used to our mobile phones so much thatwithout mobile phone we feel so handicapped. Toenhance the technology of cellular phones anddecrease the usage of electricity solar phones havebeen invented.The world's first solar phone was launched on 17thJune 2007. This phone was developed by HI-TECHWEALTH TALE-COMMUNICATION of China. Theinvention of solar mobile phone brought solution tomany problems. A feature of that mobile is the solarphone panels’ trickle charge the battery in any amountof light including indoor. The battery life extends 2.5times longer. SOLAR MOBILE CHARGES ONCE CHARGEDFULLY CAN HOLD EVEN A YEAR THAN REGULARBATTERIES. Ofcourse solar mobiles are already in useand solar mobile chargers are already in use instead ofcarrying chargers these are replaced by solar mobilephones. Solar cells are the electrical devices thatconvert the light energy into direct electricity byphotovoltaic effect.

What is photovoltaic effect?It is defined as the creation of electric current in amaterial upon exposure to light, when the solar cellsare exposed to sunlight; it can generate and supportelectric current on without being attached to externalvoltage. These cells are made up of silicon

semiconductors which will absorb part of light andconverts it into solar energy.

olar powered screens are also in use. Thesescreens are super thin flexible and transparent

film that receives the sunlight with the help ofwhich we can also charge our mobile. Instead ofusing solar panels we can use solar screens tophones. They want to integrate it into a phonedisplay in such a way that userwouldn't evenknow there is a solar panel on their phone screensreceiving the sunlight. A battery would still berequired to provide the backup power and storethe energy created by the film, because theenergy would be created not only from sun butalso light source. Its works normally as othermobile phones while it charges up via a solarpanel in both sunny as well as cloudyday.Apparently generating enough electric powerto make a call.Now, we have solar powered keyboards...this isthe new technology, this is the keyboard thatchargers itself whenever there is light and STAYSCHARGED FOR ATLEAST THREE MONTHS INTOTAL DARKNESS so you can say good bye tobattery hassles. It is hand happiness that feel goodand make every keystone comfortable, fluid andwhisper-quiet.LogintechK750.....It is the first solarkeyboard. It has a set of solar panels along the topedge and includes software to display batterycharging status. It works on windows, MacintoshO.S and Linux, even though the accompanyingsoftware from Logintech doesn't have a Linuxversion. Usage of wireless solar poweredkeyboards is good solution and it is light poweredkeyboard. It doesn’t get more hassle-free thanbattery keyboard. The other new technology issolar powered BONSAI TREE mobile charger. It isefficient to support and it is energy modulated. Itis compelled with 27 silicon solar panels that canbe arranged in a way. The battery supports solarenergy it chargers twice in just 4 hours. It is eco-friendly mode of technology which helps to saveenergy. These phones will be used particularly inrural areas where there is no use of electricity.Last but not least SUNLIGHT IS ONE THE EASIESTACCESSIBLE SOURCE OF ENERGY. Use solarpowered technology and save electricity

-by Mamatha.MBranch: Mechanical 2 year

T

sSOLAR

POWERED

TECHNOLOGY

Eco- Friendly Engineering

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IAS AS CAREERBy Tejaswini reddy (eee)

Civil service is a dream which every student would liketo live .There is a life beyond every IAS dreams. Beingthe premier job in the country, it doesn’t offer perksand benefits as other private sectors are offering but itoffers an opportunity to lead and to work with thecommon people and at the grassroots level. It alwaysgives you opportunity and chance to impact people'slives across a variety of domains such as health,education, water, sanitation, roads and electricity. Thevery nature of work of civil servant is not only tomaintain law and order but also implementing policiesof the popularly elected governments as heads ofdistrict administration to jobs at the United Nationsand the World Bank, formulating policies which touchthe lives of millions of people across the globe. Is theonly career in India which gives a complete scope toendeavor to change the lives.

Why Civil Services?

Basically IAS (Indian Administrative Services) is animplementer. Those who have a passion to serve nationdirectly with administrative power opt to go for civilservices exam. In spite of selection process being verytough and rate of success very low the charm andsignificance of this exam doesn't seems to fall down. Theadministrative services give an immediate sense ofparticipating in the Indian governance.

How is it different?No other career or job can offer you the same jobsatisfaction as the IAS. Not to mention the tremendousopportunity offered to contribute positively to the verysociety we are a part of. It’s a career, much more thana mere 9 to 6 job. The IAS personnel enjoy the levers ofpower in the Indian administrative setup and occupysome of the most responsible positions in thegovernment.It is advisable to prepare for the civil service in thegraduation years by identifying the weak and strong pointsand familiarizing yourself with the syllabus and pattern ofexamination. It is seen that those who have taken theexam as soon as they become eligible are better than thenthe others so it is best to take the exam as soon as you areeligible. However here keep your other options open foryour career as a safetynet.

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The mantra to crack civil services• Hard work• Dedication• Self-confidence• Patience• Time management“An intellectual won’t find a rational answer to ‘whatnext?’ A doer, with values and convictions, will find theanswer –This is it. Nothing happens next!” So,KarKeDekho………….REFERENCEShttp://upscportal.com/civilservices/images/upsc.JPG

MY MINI PROJECT

I feel lucky to have my mini project done in one of the most prestigious training institutes Central Institute ofTool Design (CITD) after the completion of my 2nd year. I have joined in CITD to learn Auto-CAD, Pro-E, andCNC (Computerized Numerical Control). While I was undergoing my courses I got to know that I could do amini project on the courses what I have learnt, and I opted Auto-CAD and CNC for my project. On the firstday of my course the faculty explained the definition of mini project “A mini project is nothing but totransform textual knowledge with applying skills obtained by practice for the creation of new innovation usingthe same text”. As my work on project commenced I felt difficult to choose a proper design that could beaccepted but after, I chosen my design the remaining work has went on smoothly as I have gained requiredknowledge that was needed for the project to accomplish. They are following several rules for scrutinizing andfinalizing the projects.

Along with the courses that I have learnt there are several other courses also to do projects.Here I acquired basic knowledge about the three courses which I have chosen and I feel from my experiencethat they teach more than basics to trying to give the the maximum knowledge about any course. I confidentlyadvice that CITD is a good coaching centre to obtain their mini projects.

By Srinivas.Kasimahanthi

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A Two-day workshop on BASICS OF CFD

This was held on6th and 7th of September by mechanicaldepartment in association with aerotrix, anorganization initiated byIIT Kanpur graduatesunder the guidance ofDr.K.Prasanna Lakshmi

(H.O.Dmechanical). It gota good response from thestudents and even fromfaculty of many colleges. Students of variousbranches like mechanical, aeronautical, and civilfrom wide regions like Hyderabad,Warangal,

Karimnagar and even from other states likeMaharashtra has attended the workshop

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Ramgiri Khila, an amazing place of adventure, enjoyment, fun andrefreshment which is situated at a distance of 3 kms from JNTUHCEM. This isan excellent tourist spot away from the modern pollution. It creates andarouses a refreshing mood to its visitors from the daily stresses. It consists ofan old destroyed fort seven gates with an adventurous journey from one toanother. Reverse to any other hill trekking trips climbing is easier than to getdown the hill. There is a short historical story people say about this “LORDRAMA during the period of his VANAVAS when he was climbing up the hillwhere he learnt from a bird the news of his father king DASARATH’S deathand then he rushed down the hill” for this reason people say that it is easierand longer duration to climb up the hill when compared with the time takenfor getting down and also feel very exhausted than to climb up. And thetourists also felt the same.

Way to climbthe hill

A view of thearea from the hill top…

The Seven Gates of Adventure

Remains of Ramgiri Khila

Steps to climb theFort

Natural stone art

“Ram Giri Khila ia an amazingand adventerous place, thateveryone should visitcompulsorily ”.By Abhilash(a visitor)

Old canon on the hill top.

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Khila – 2

The exhausted

The second gate

Beautiful lake on the hill

Ruins of the fortView of second hill from the firstone

To Return from theTrip

Thus an enduring trip ends

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Few of the Indian MarvelsAfter going through the below data, the fire of pride will surely be lit in every Indian’s heart. Today, we may beconsidered a third world country ridden with poverty ridden with poverty, corruption, pollution and so muchmore that makes us drop our heads in shame. But we’ve also given a lot to the world in the past. Rememberingthat, we should once again hold our hands high and march forward.

• Tipu sultan’s army was the first one to use rockets.• The world’s first university was established in Takshashila in 700BCE. The Nalanda University was built in

the 4th century BCE. More than 10,500 students from across the world studied over 60 subjects at thisUniversity.

• The art of navigation was developed in R.Sindhu 6000 years ago.

• In the 14th century, the scholar Sayana calculated the speed of light 186,413.22 miles per second. Today,with modern technology it has been proven to be accurate.

• Aryabbhatta was a science scholar in 476 BCE. He was the first to deduce that the earth is round andthat it revolves around its own axis, creating day and night. He also determined the value of pi=3.1416.

Fascinating facts of India - by Ekshith. G

Bhaskaracharya

• Sage Yagnavalkya was the first to reveal the mysteries ofthe number 108. He discovered that the average distancebetween the earth and sun can be measured by placing 108suns. Similarly 108 moons in a straight line can cover thedistance between moon and the earth. Further, 108 earthsstringed together constitute the diameter of sun ages ago,which has been proved and accepted by our modern sciencecalculation which they found without any modern technicalinstrument.

• Bhaskaracharya discovery gravity in the 8th century, long beforeNewton was even born.

• Ancient Indians espoused a form of atomism, postulating that allobject in the physical universe are reducible to a finite number ofatoms. This was around 2nd century BCE.

RUINS OF TAKSHASHILA

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People say "Bless you" when you sneeze because when you sneeze, your heart stops for a milli-second.

A duck's quack doesn't echo, and no one knows why.

It is physically impossible for pigs to look up into the sky.

Most lipstick contains fish scales.

If the amount of water in your body is reduced by just 1%, you'll feel thirsty. If it's reduced by 10%, you'll

die.

Every year about 98% of atoms in your body are replaced.

Hot water is heavier than cold.

Like fingerprints, everyone's tongue print is different

Sound travels 15 times faster through steel than through the air.

Leonardo da Vinci could write with one hand and draw with the other at the same time.

The average lead pencil will draw a line 35 miles long or write approximately 50,000 English words.

The strongest muscle in the body is the tongue.

A cat's urine glows under a black light.

Ostriches are often not taken seriously. They can run faster than horses, and the males can roar like lions.

According to security equipment specialists, security systems that utilize motion detectors won't functionproperly if walls and floors are too hot. When an infrared beam is used in a motion detector, it will pick up aperson's body temperature of 98.6 degrees compared to the cooler walls and floor.

A ball of glass will bounce higher than a ball of rubber. A ball of solid steel will bounce higher than onemade entirely of glass.

Guinness Book of Records holds the record for being the book most often stolen from Public Libraries.

Right handed people live, on average, nine years longer than left-handed people.

The six official languages of the United Nations are: English, French, Arabic, Chinese, Russian and Spanish.

Funny FactsHachoooooooo

Bless you!!!!

50000 words

45

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If olive oil is made from Olives, vegetable oilmade from vegetables then what is BABY oilmade from???

Dad: Son, what do you want as your Birthdaygift?

Son: Nothing much dad, just a radio with a sportscar around it

One day Raveendra was playing football withhis friend Viswanth. He had been posted asgoal keeper. Then the opposition changedtowards his goal and kicked the ball into thegoal from right beside his legs, Viswanth wasboiling with anger.

Viswanth: Why didn’t you stop the ballRaveendra?

Raveendra: Why in the world should i? Whatis the net in the goal for?

JOKEZONE

Tarun once was dialling phone to

his friend

Master: Tarun don’t talk on for more than

3 minutes. (After 10 minutes)

Master: Tarun, I told you not to talk on the phone for so

long.

Tarun: I dint master, I have talked only for first 3

minutes and I’m listening for the remaining time.

Sales man: What is your shaving cream?

Varun: Vimal

Sales man: What is your tooth paste??

Varun: Vimal

Sales man: What shampoo do you use?

Varun: Vimal

Sales man: sir, what is this Vimal? Is it any brand or what??

Varun: No he is my roommate.

Suppandi’s new master was agardener Master:Suppandi, I asked you toweed the garden today, whyhaven’t you done it yet?

Suppandi: I thought, I willdo it tomorrow.

Master: Silly boy, neverleave anything fortomorrow, when you cantoday.

The next day-

Master: Suppandi, pluck allthe ripe mangoes from thegarden.

That evening-

Master: You fool, why haveyou plucked the unripe onestoo?

Suppandi: I thought I willpluck them today, insteadof waiting for you totellme to do it tomorrow.

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Q: How do you recognize Manish’s son, Vijay inSchool?A: He is the one who erases the books when theteacher erases the board.

Interviewer: What’s d relationbetween Earth & Moon?Junaid: Brother& SisterInter: How?Junaid: Earth Dharti mata and

Moon Chanda Mama.

A Chin was in hospital.JAGATH went to meet him.Chini said 'CHING CHONG, MOU.CHUCHA' And died.JAGATH went china 2 know the meaning,that was:-OXYGEN KE PIPE SE PAIR UTHA.

Sanjit was inserting dogs tail intopipeRohit: Oye bevkoof, kutte ki dumkabhi seedhi nahi hotiSanjit: Idiot main to pipe bendkar raha hoon

Silly Q & A

Q: How many astronomers does it take to change a light bulb?A: None. Astronomers prefer the dark.

Q: How many bikers does it take to change a light bulb?A: It takes two, one to change the bulb, and the other to kick the switch.

Q: How many Internet mail list members does it take to change a light bulb?A: 1,331:One to change the light bulb and to post to the mail list that the light bulb has been changed.14 to sharesimilar experiences of changing light bulbs and how the light bulb could have been changed differently. Seven tocaution about the dangers of changing light bulbs.27 to point out spelling/grammar errors in posts about changing lightbulbs.53 to flame the spell checkers.156 to write to the list administrator complaining about the light bulb discussionand its inappropriateness to this mail list.41 to correct spelling in the spelling/grammar flames.109 to post that this listis not about light bulbs and to please take this email exchange to alt.lite.bulb.203 to demand that cross-posting toalt.grammar, alt.spelling, and alt.punctuation about changing light bulbs be stopped.111 to defend the posting to thislist saying that we all use light bulbs and therefore the posts **are** relevant to this mail list.306 to debate whichmethod of changing light bulbs is superior, where to buy the best light bulbs, what brand of light bulbs work best forthis technique, and what brands are faulty.27 to post URLs where one can see examples of different light bulbs.14 topost that the URLs were posted incorrectly, and to post corrected URLs. Three to post about links they found from theURLs that are relevant to this list, which makes light bulbs relevant to this list.33 to concatenate all posts to date, thenquote them, including all headers and footers, and then add "Me Too."12 to post to the list that they are unsubscribingbecause they cannot handle the light bulb controversy.19 to quote the "Me Too's" to say, "Me Three."Four to suggestthat posters request the light bulb FAQ.One to propose new alt.change.lite.bulb newsgroup.47 to say this is just whatalt.physic.cold_fusion was meant for, leave it here.143 votes for alt.light.bulb.

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Joke Zone - 2

PUZZLES

ORGINAL….MADDENING……..IRRESTIBLE

Can you change a rupee note in such a way thatthere are exactly fifty coins? (No 2 paise coins areused)

Hat is the biggest number that can beexpressed in three figures?

Complete the magic square so that the rows,columns, diagonals-all add to the samenumber

Multiply 21978 by 4, now see if you can

find a pair of palindromes.

It as dialand on this day e decided that my whole familyshould meet. The gathering consisted of one grand-father ,onegrandmother, to fathers to mothers ,four children, three grandchildren, one b rather to sisters to sons, to daughters ,onefather in la ,and one daughter in late are all togetherseven,How do you explain it

Do you know the surface area of globe, counting allcontinents and oceans?

Can you tell how old is the life of our earth?

13 41/4

6

8 51/2

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Black Holes = Nothingness? By Pavan, Johnson.S.J(EEE-II)

Black holes, one of the building blocks ofthe universe and essential in our world, eventoday. Proposed by Stephen Hawkins.Nothing can escape it, not even light, thefastest thing known to man.

They originate from stars which are morethan three times larger than sun. This pointsout that our sun won’t become a black star.Stars undergo nuclear fusion (proton-protonreaction) on their surface and release hugeamounts of energy in the form of light andheat. Even one proton is enough for thecommencement of fusion reaction. Thisenergy is radiated into the free space.Planets, such as earth, receive this radiatedenergy, which has lead to the evolution ofmankind. When a star considerably largerthan our sun burns out, the gravitationalforce of the particles collapses the star into aconsiderable mass forming a black hole.There are two ways a star may convert into ablack hole. One way is for the star to convertinto a supernova and then burst to form ablack hole. The other way is the star, afterthe complete combustion of helium on itssurface, is to compress itself with theneurons that remain, and become black incolor, forming a dwarf star. A star, ten timesgreater than our sun, will shrink toapproximate size of New York City. By this,its gravitational force multiplies at anunimaginable level, to nearly 10,000 timesits original value. Because of this highgravity, matter tends to revolve around theblack hole, forming a galaxy. Even our owngalaxy, the Milky Way, has its own blackhole. Light rays that pass through blackholes are absorbed by them. For this reason,black holes are invisible to ordinary

telescopes. The only thing that escapes fromthe force of a black hole is gamma radiation,because of its neutral charge.

It takes about 300 years to form a supernova.But black holes are not exclusive to outside ofour earth’s atmosphere. Black holes obtainenergy from matter, that is, life itself. Thelifetime of the black hole depends upon thematter it manages to absorb into itself. Thus,black holes eat away matter around itself,converting themselves into “super massive”black holes. If there is no matter for the blackhole to digest, it quietly dissolves its matter, ofthe neutrons, and finally, just disappears. Themass, length, breadth, width and all the otherdimensions of any matter that enters a blackhole turns infinite, resulting in the matterbeing broken down into the most fundamentalparts of matter would take nearly 30 years,with the high technology available today onearth, to encode the word “hello”, if it passedthrough a black hole and received on the otherend.

There are some theories that say time travelwould become easier if we decode the mysteryof black holes, because they are just regions ofspace time. Theories such as parallel timezones were also proposed.

Teleportation between parallel universes mayalso be possible, through black holes, if onlywe could figure out the trick of reconstructingobjects on the other side, with no causalities.It also has been speculated that time remainsstationary in a black hole. This means thattime, in our sense, will stop existing if wewere to go into a black hole, without beingripped into pieces. Imagine, a place where youcan store things, at your beck and call, wherenothing ages or gets corrupted.

ReferencesHaliday-Resnick-Walker (Wiley Series) Internet

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HYDRAULIC MININGBy: ABDUL AMEER

In 1979, the difficulties caused by terrain obstacleson the ocean floor, such as blocks, steps, cliffs andpotholes, convinced French engineers to give morefreedom to the bottom collector. They worked on theconcept of a free-shuttle mining system consisting ofa series of independent vehicles that would dive ontheir own to the ocean floor. Reaching the bottom,they would dump ballast to position them carefullyand would start to collect the nodules.Powered by lead batteries, they would crawl oncaterpillar tracks, adjusting their weight by therelease of ballast. After loading 250 tonnes ofnodules, they would drop additional ballast and starttheir ascent to the surface. There, they would bedragged to a floating port. Unfortunately, it wasfound during the feasibility study that the systemwould be too expensive, because the 1,200–t weightof the shuttles far exceeded their 250–t loadingcapacity.The problems lay in the weak performanceof available buoyant materials and/or the high ratioof weight to energy in the lead batteries.

Hydraulic systems now seem to have the greatestpotential. Such a system was conceptualized in 1988by the French GEMONOD (Groupement pour lamise au point des moyensnécessaires à l’exploitationdes nodules). It consisted of: a semi-submersiblesurface platform, catamaran type; a 4,800-m rigidsteel pipe string, and a flexible hose, 600 m long andwith a 38-centimetre internal diameter, connectingthe bottom of the pipe string to a dredge on theseabed. This hose would form an arc, allowing thedredge to deviate from the route followed by thesurface platform so as to avoid obstacles.

The self-propelled dredge would be 18 m long, 15 mwide and 5 m high, weighing 330-t for a 78-tbuoyancy. Crawling on the bottom, it would collectnodules and condition them for pumping through theflexible hose. Ore carriers would transport thenodules from mining ship to port, where theprocessing plant would be located. The noduleswould be transferred, into and out of the carrier’shold, as thick slurry, pumped through a flexible hose.At the processing site the slurry would be stored inponds. India is currently developing a mining vehiclethat it plans to test in 2007–08. The Director of the

National Institute of Ocean Technology told aworkshop organized in 2001 by the InternationalSeabed Authority that his organization had alreadytested a prototype at 410 m and planned a further testat 6,000 m in 2002. The device, 3 m wide, wouldcrawl over the seabed on plastic tracks. A pick-updevice in front would gather the nodules, whichwould be lifted by a conveyor belt into a crusher. Thesystem was designed to vibrate so that silt would notbe carried into the crusher.The crushed nodules would pass into a flexible hose10 cm in diameter, through which they would bepumped up to a vessel at the surface. A secondumbilical connection would carry power andcommunications cables. Though tethered to thesurface vessel, the crawler would move aboutindependently on the seabed. Its developers describethis system as more friendly to the environment.

Thanks to all the staff who have helped us,especially E.Rajendra Prasad, Alivenu.

Editor:M.Tejaswi

Editorial:L. Chandrashekar, Gampa. Abhinav, K. Vamshi

,A.Vishnu teja, Pavan, S. Vamshi Bhayagyaraj, T.Saikrishna, A. Udaykumar, K. Vanaja, KarthikSharma, K. Uday Kumar, S. Kranthi Kumar, P. Venu,G. Venkatesh, G. Navneeth, M. Ravi Chander, S.Prudhvi, G. Anish Goud, K. Lavakumar, S.Madhukar

Supporters:D.Devender, P. Vikas Kumar, N. VishwaTeja, T.

Tejaswini Reddy, P.Sowmya, N.Supriya, KarunTeja , G. Abhinav Kumar, G. Shiva Kumar, k.Rakesh Reddy, J. Srimukh Reddy, Sai Krishna,L. Prashanthkumar, J. SwathiKiran, K. HariBabu,A. RangaSwamy, D. Tharun Kumar, DhruvaKumar, NaseerMohd, G. Anil Kumar,R.PremKumar, V.S.Prathap,C.H. Bhargav, K.Srinivas ,G.Ekshith

Designers:S. Nagender Reddy, R.Vamshi Krishna, S. Kranthikumar.

Layout and Photography:N. Vamshi

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