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Devikulam Water Purification Project

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    11 35

    11.1 A D 35

    11.2 C A 37

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    12.1 37

    12.2 38

    12.3 38

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    16.2 D A 43

    16.3 4516.4 C 45

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    16.2.1 B P E 45

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    16.11.5P C 55

    F 16.13.1 F P 55

    F 16.13.2 F L 56

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    1.1.1

    ( (

    227 0.70

    252 0.78

    481 1.49

    320 0.99

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    .

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    46

    0.1

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    =5000 100

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    = 98%

    =2000 100

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    B H :

    C = 5000 = 5/

    C = 2000 = 2/

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    =2000 200

    2000100

    = 90%

    D:

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    C = 325 = 0.325/

    E

    =325100

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    = 69%

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    A

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    =15L

    12hrs

    =15L

    720min

    = 0.021L/min

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    =10.36min

    1L

    = 0.096L/min

    1.

    C = 4085% A C = 62.5%

    ,

    .

    A = 500 = 0.5

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    H (CH) 4000

    F (CH) 3400

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    A C C ( 58)

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    = 5/58 = 0.0862

    = 0.0862 6.02210

    = 5.1910

    /A 1:14 : 0.0862 /14 = 0.0059 /

    F 95% :

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    0.0056 / = 20.7/ ( )

    20.7/ 15/ = 310/ ( 15/ )

    500/310 = 1.61 2

    , , 95% , 310

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    = 2/58 = 0.0345

    = 0.0345 6.02210

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    /

    A 1:14 : 0.0345 /14 = 0.0024 /

    F 95% :

    0.0024 0.95 = 0.0023 /

    0.0023 / = 8.4/

    8.4/ 15/ = 126/ ( 15/ )

    500/126 = 3.97 4

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    16.13.2