American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications 2020; 8(1): 1-11 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ajea doi: 10.11648/j.ajea.20200801.11 ISSN: 2376-5968 (Print); ISSN: 2376-5984 (Online) Development of Microstrip Patch Antenna Design for GPS in Myanmar Zin Mar Phyo, Tint May Nway, Khin Kyu Kyu Win, Hla Myo Tun Department of Electronic Engineering, Yangon Technological University, Gyogone, Insein Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar Email address: To cite this article: Zin Mar Phyo, Tint May Nway, Khin Kyu Kyu Win, Hla Myo Tun. Development of Microstrip Patch Antenna Design for GPS in Myanmar. American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications. Vol. 8, No. 1, 2020, pp. 1-11. doi: 10.11648/j.ajea.20200801.11 Received: January 14, 2020; Accepted: January 27, 2020; Published: February 10, 2020 Abstract: Polarization matching between the transmitter and receivers is an important thing due to the signal losses and multipath fading. In GPS application, L1 Band is commonly used to find the location all over the world. In this research, edge- truncated circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna and slot-loaded circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna are presented. The first design is diagonally fed with a single coaxial probe and the upper edges are truncated to reduce the patch size. This design provides the bandwidth of 79.5 MHz with the axial ratio bandwidth of 26 M Hz. In the second design, the slots are loaded to the patch in order to reduce patch size. The single coaxial diagonal feed is also applied to the patch. This design achieves the bandwidth of 56 MHz and the axial ratio bandwidth is about 22 M Hz. The second design can also provide the size reduction of 18.16%. However, the gain of the second antenna decreases to 3 dB due to its reduced size. As these simulated results, these two designs can be used in L1 Band GPS application. And then, these antenna designs are fabricated and measured the results such as return loss and axial ratio. The characteristics of these fabricated antennas are also applicable for the targeted application. Keywords: Microstrip Patch Antenna, GPS, Electromagnetic Field, Fabrication, Measurement 1. Introduction In the design of global positioning system and modern wireless communication, miniaturization of the antenna is one of the most critical components because GPS receiver antennas are usually mounted on the roof of the car and handheld devices. Therefore, the first requirement for these antennas is to have a compact structure. Nowadays, there are many types of antennas to be used as GPS receiving antennas such as patch, helix, fractal element antenna, dipole, loop and Planar Inverted F antenna. Presently, helix and patch antennas are popular due to their design structures and specifications [1, 2]. Moreover, there are many techniques to reduce the antenna size such as using high permittivity materials as the dielectric substrate, folded patch so called inverted-U shape, inverted-F shape, shorting pin between the patch and the ground plane, slot loaded on the ground plane and slot loaded on the patch [5-7]. The civilian signals transmitted from GNSS satellites are right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP). This circular polarization allows the arbitrary orientation of the receiving antenna. Moreover, it has the benefit of cross polarization rejection. Therefore, the second requirement for GPS application is to achieve the circular polarization. In mobile and portable communication where the devices frequently change their locations and orientations, it is impossible to match the orientation between the transmitter antenna and receiver antenna [6]. To achieve this polarization matching, the transmitter and receiver must have the same frequency range, axial ratio, spatial orientation and sense of polarization. Circularly polarized antennas are reconcilable with these requirements because they can reduce multipath effects and provide flexibility in the orientation angle between transmitting and receiving antennas, thus circularly polarized antennas are widely used in mobile and wireless communication such as global navigation system and satellite communication system [9]. Moreover, for GPS antenna, it is required to have wide beam widths at both the azimuth plane and the elevation plane since the antennas have to receive radiating signals from at least four satellites at any one time to predict exactly the locations and directions on the ground [2, 8].
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American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications 2020; 8(1): 1-11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ajea
doi: 10.11648/j.ajea.20200801.11
ISSN: 2376-5968 (Print); ISSN: 2376-5984 (Online)
Development of Microstrip Patch Antenna Design for GPS in Myanmar
Zin Mar Phyo, Tint May Nway, Khin Kyu Kyu Win, Hla Myo Tun
Department of Electronic Engineering, Yangon Technological University, Gyogone, Insein Yangon, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
Email address:
To cite this article: Zin Mar Phyo, Tint May Nway, Khin Kyu Kyu Win, Hla Myo Tun. Development of Microstrip Patch Antenna Design for GPS in Myanmar.
American Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications. Vol. 8, No. 1, 2020, pp. 1-11. doi: 10.11648/j.ajea.20200801.11
Received: January 14, 2020; Accepted: January 27, 2020; Published: February 10, 2020
Abstract: Polarization matching between the transmitter and receivers is an important thing due to the signal losses and
multipath fading. In GPS application, L1 Band is commonly used to find the location all over the world. In this research, edge-
truncated circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna and slot-loaded circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna are
presented. The first design is diagonally fed with a single coaxial probe and the upper edges are truncated to reduce the patch
size. This design provides the bandwidth of 79.5 MHz with the axial ratio bandwidth of 26 M Hz. In the second design, the
slots are loaded to the patch in order to reduce patch size. The single coaxial diagonal feed is also applied to the patch. This
design achieves the bandwidth of 56 MHz and the axial ratio bandwidth is about 22 M Hz. The second design can also provide
the size reduction of 18.16%. However, the gain of the second antenna decreases to 3 dB due to its reduced size. As these
simulated results, these two designs can be used in L1 Band GPS application. And then, these antenna designs are fabricated
and measured the results such as return loss and axial ratio. The characteristics of these fabricated antennas are also applicable
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[16] Abdelaziz, A. Abdelaziz, and Dalia, M. Nashaat,. 2007. “Compact GPS Microstrip Patch Antenna.” IEEE 1, (July): 1-4.
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[18] Orban, D. and Moernaut, G. J. K. 2009. “The Basics of Patch Antennas, Updated.” September, 2009 <https://www.orbanmicrowave.com/the-basic- of-patch-antennas.pdf>
[19] Ramesh Garg, Prakash Bhartia, Inder Bahl, and Apisak Ittipiboon. 2001. Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook. 1st.ed. USA: Artech House antennas and propagation library.
[20] Abubakar Siddik, Mahabub Hossain, Dulal Haque, and Omar Faruque, 2019. “Design and Radiation Characterization of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for Millimeter-wave Communication,” American Journal of Engineering Research 8, no. 1 (January): 318-324.
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