- 1. (and use) Design of learning experiences for science
teaching & faculty development:What theories of learning apply?
Liz Dorland Dec. 2013 for the Education Research Group (ERG)
Washington University in St. Louis [email protected] (with live
links to research, information & resources)
2. What should we teach? How should we teach it? How do we
decide? Theories of Learning Mapping the Theory Landscape How many
are there? Which is true? Disciplines, Theorists, Theories
Applications in science and chemistry Do the same theories apply to
students & faculty? 3. What Theories Underlie the Practice of
Faculty Development?tinyurl.com/mckeachie 4. AISHE: Emerging issues
in the practice of University Learning and TeachingAISHE: Emerging
issues in the practice of University Learning and Teaching
http://www.aishe.org/readings/2005-1/toc.htmlwww.aishe.org/readings/2005-1/toc.html
5. Emerging Perspectives on Learning, Teaching, and Technology
Overview of Learning Theories and Strategies From an AECT online
textbook: Department of Educational Psychology and Instructional
Technology, University of Georgia 6. Learning Paradigms
Oversimplified - Behaviorist vs Cognitivist vs Constructivist 7.
Learning Theory Googled 8. 50+ Theories of Learning
www.instructionaldesign.org/theories/ ACT (Anderson) Adult Learning
Theory (Cross) Algo-Heuristic Theory (Landa) Andragogy (Knowles)
Anchored Instruction (Bransford-CTGV) Aptitude-Treatment
Interaction (Cronbach & Snow) Attribution Theory (Weiner)
Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger) Cognitive Flexibility (Spiro)
Cognitive Load Theory (Sweller) Component Display (Merrill)
Conditions of Learning (Gagne) Connectionism (Thorndike)
Constructivist Theory (Bruner) Contiguity Theory (Guthrie)
Conversation Theory (Pask) Criterion Referenced Instruction (Mager)
Double Loop Learning (Argyris) Drive Reduction Theory (Hull) Dual
Coding Theory (Paivio) Elaboration Theory (Reigeluth) Experiential
Learning (Rogers) Functional Context (Sticht) Genetic Epistemology
(Piaget) Gestalt Theory (Wertheimer) GOMS (Card, Moran &
Newell) GPS (Newell & Simon) 9. 50+ Theories of Learning (2)
www.instructionaldesign.org/theories/ Information Pickup (Gibson)
Information Processing (Miller) Lateral Thinking (DeBono) Levels of
Processing (Craik & Lockhart) Mathematical Learning Theory
(Atkinson) Mathematical Problem Solving (Schoenfeld) Minimalism
(Carroll) Model Centered Instruction & Design Layering
(Gibbons) Modes of Learning (Rumelhart & Norman) Multiple
Intelligences (Gardner) Operant Conditioning (Skinner) Originality
Theory (Maltzman) Phenomenonography (Marton & Entwistle) Repair
Theory (VanLehn) Script Theory (Schank) Sign Theory (Tolman)
Situated Learning (Lave) Soar (Newell et al.) Social Development
(Vygotsky) Social Learning (Bandura) Stimulus Sampling (Estes)
Structural Learning (Scandura) Structure of Intellect (Guilford)
Subsumption Theory (Ausubel) Symbol Systems (Salomon) Triarchic
Theory (Sternberg) Transformational Theory (Mezirow) 10. Map of
Learning
Theorieswww.greatmathsteachingideas.com/2013/05/09/infographic-of-learning-theories/
11. Color code zoom: Theorists, Disciplines,Theories, Applications:
infographic-of-learning-theories 12. 5 main theories of learning:
summary of Carleton Reeves mapping of
theories:www.bioteams.com/2012/11 /05/the_five_major.htmlSummary of
Carleton Reeves mapping:
www.bioteams.com/2012/11/05/the_five_major.html 13. Who is this
man? ... People with great passions, people who ... People with
great passions, people who accomplish great deeds, people who
possess strong feelings, even people with great minds and a strong
personality, rarely come out of good little boys and girls.
accomplish great deeds, people who possess from Educational
Psychology strong feelings, even people (a practical manual for
teachers) - Lev Vygotsky (1926) with great minds and a strong
personality, rarely marxists.anu.edu.au/archive/vygotsky come out
of good little boys and girls./from Educational Psychology (a
practical manual for teachers)Lev Vygotsky (1926) (first English
translation 1972) marxists.anu.edu.au/archive/vygotsky/ 14.
Two-Store or Dual Memory Model Cognitivist Theory - e.g. Baddeley
(1970s)Control or executive processes regulate the flow of
information throughout the information processing system Control or
Executive ProcessesInputSensory RegisterWorking MemoryLong-term
Memory 15. Alex Johnstone: JCE 1983 How many chunks? Miller number
7 Working memory Chunking Perception filter Information Processing
ModelOrganic Chem Topics After repeated attempts 16. Alex
Johnstone: Journal of Chemical Education (1997) Information
Processing Model 17. Kolbs Experiential Learning - Based on Dewey
& Lewin 18. Illeris: A Unified Conceptfor Theories of Learning?
19. DNA Images: What do students see? 20. Google Images: NaCl
dissolving 21. Representational Competence & Multiple
Representations are these theSame or Different?Tom GreenboweRoy
Tasker 22. Levels of Representation Macroscopic (water) Symbolic
(formula) Sub-microscopic (molecule)Symbolic
H2OMacroscopicSub-Microscopic 23. Dissolving NaCl - add salt to
water Run web animation: NCSSM
Chapter5-Animations/Dissolving_NaCl-Electrolyte Screenshots from
NCSSM C.O.R.E. - Chemistry Online Resource Essentials North
Carolina School of Science and Mathematics 24. Dissolving NaCl -
salt dissolves Animation from NCSSM (2007)Screenshots from NCSSM
Animation (2007) 25. Dissolving NaCl H2O solvates Na+ & Cl-
ionsScreenshots from NCSSM Animation (2007) 26. Dissolving NaCl-
ions hydrated Animation from NCSSM (2007)Screenshots from NCSSM
Animation (2007) 27. Dissolving NaCl Solution Animation from NCSSM
(2007)Screenshots from NCSSM Animation (2007) 28. Dissolving NaCl -
Water or Salt Water? Animation from NCSSM (2007)Screenshots from
NCSSM Animation (2007) 29. What do students see? Mixing Polar and
Non-Polar Liquids AnimationRun NCSS Web-based Animation: Polar vs
Non-Polar 30. What do students see? Do hexane and water mix
(dissolve)? AnimationScreenshots from NCSSM Animation (2007) 31.
What do students see? See the layers? Which is more dense?Play
Animation of Polar and Non-Polar in Solution 32. Student Drawings
(Chiu & Linn JSE&T) Increased connections among symbolic
and molecular representations, limiting reactants, and conservation
of mass If only the molecules shown in the closed container KR
below react according to the equation, draw the expected products
in the box to the right: RB 2S + 3O2 -> 2SO3BWPretestPost test
(1)(1)(2)Draw the container after the reaction. 33. Ionization
Energies & The Periodic TableIonization Energies Movie:
www.rsc.org/chemsoc/visualelements/anim/ioniz.mov Element Movies
(from H): www.periodicvideos.com/videos/001.htm Periodic Table
Trends: www.rsc.org/periodic-table/trends/Are Videos Effective? 34.
She Calls It Phenomena Everyone Else Calls It Art Felice Frankel,
NYT June 2007 2001 speaker: Visualization in Sci & Edu GRC 35.
MIT-NSF: Picturing to Learn
web.mit.edu/i-m/picturing/pict_students.html We compared scores on
the final exams 2004 vs 2005 and saw evidence in support of deeper
understanding of concepts addressed in the picturing homework
assignments. 36. Donald Sadoway, MIT (with Felice Frankel)
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
web.mit.edu/i-m/picturing/pict_stu04.html
web.mit.edu/i-m/assets/picturing/mari.mov (QT) Student Animations
of their Understanding of Polymerization 37. 2003 & 2009 GRC
SpeakerBarbara Tversky, Psychology Stanford & Columbia
University Animation, Does it Facilitate Learning?
www-psych.stanford.edu/~bt/Diagrams:
www-psych.stanford.edu/~bt/diagrams/papers/ Space:
www-psych.stanford.edu/~bt/space/papers/ Events:
www-psych.stanford.edu/~bt/events/papers/ Animations have not been
proven more effective than equivalent static graphics. Animations
that are invented and used in exploring phenomena and data, often
by experts in pursuit of understanding, may be effective. Creating
animations may confer benefits to the creators. Expertise in the
specific content and animation may make some animations effective.
38. What should we teach? How should we teach it? How do we decide?
Whats your theory?? Theories of Learning Mapping the Theory
Landscape How many are there? Which is true? Disciplines,
Theorists, Theories Applications in science and chemistry Do the
same theories apply to students & faculty? 39. Learning &
Instruction Cognition & Instruction Journal of Research in
Science Teaching International Journal of Science Education Applied
Cognitive Psychology Journal of the Learning Sciences Cognitive
ScienceLearning Theory in Research Journals Ed. Technology Research
& Development Journal of Science, Ed & Technology British
Journal of Educational Technology Technology, Pedagogy and
Education Canadian J of Learning Technology Computers & Human
Behavior Learning, Media & TechnologyLiz Dorland Washington
University in St. Louis [email protected] 40. 50+ Theories of
Learning (linked) www.instructionaldesign.org/theories/ACT-R (John
Anderson) Adult Learning Theory (P. Cross) Algo-Heuristic Theory
(L. Landa) Andragogy (Malcolm Knowles) Anchored Instruction (John
Bransford) Aptitude-Treatment Interaction (L. Cronbach & R.
Snow) Attribution Theory (B. Weiner) Cognitive Dissonance Theory
(L. Festinger) Cognitive Flexibility Theory (R. Spiro) Cognitive
Load Theory (J. Sweller) Component Display Theory (M. David
Merrill) Conditions of Learning (Robert Gagne) Connectionism
(Edward Thorndike) Constructivist Theory (Jerome Bruner)Contiguity
Theory (Edwin Guthrie) Conversation Theory (Gordon Pask) Criterion
Referenced Instruction (Robert Mager) Double Loop Learning (C.
Argyris) Drive Reduction Theory (C. Hull) Dual Coding Theory (A.
Paivio) Elaboration Theory (C. Reigeluth) Experiential Learning (C.
Rogers) Functional Context Theory (Tom Sticht) Genetic Epistemology
(J. Piaget) Gestalt Theory (M. Wertheimer) GOMS (Card, Moran &
Newell) General Problem Solver (A. Newell & H. Simon)
Information Pickup Theory (J.J. Gibson) 41. 50+ Theories of
Learning (2) www.instructionaldesign.org/theories/Information
Processing Theory (G.A. Miller) Lateral Thinking (E. DeBono) Levels
of Processing (Craik & Lockhart) Mathematical Learning Theory
(R.C. Atkinson) Mathematical Problem Solving (A. Schoenfeld)
Minimalism (J. M. Carroll) Model Centered Instruction and Design
Layering (Andrew Gibbons) Modes of Learning (D. Rumelhart & D.
Norman) Multiple Intelligences (Howard Gardner) Operant
Conditioning (B.F. Skinner) Originality (I.
Maltzman)Phenomenonography (F. Marton & N. Entwistle) Repair
Theory (K. VanLehn) Script Theory (Roger Schank) Sign Theory (E.
Tolman) Situated Learning (J. Lave) Soar (A. Newell et al.) Social
Development (L. Vygotsky) Social Learning Theory (A. Bandura)
Stimulus Sampling Theory (W. Estes) Structural Learning Theory (J.
Scandura) Structure of Intellect (J. Guilford) Subsumption Theory
(D. Ausubel) Symbol Systems (G. Salomon) Triarchic Theory (R.
Sternberg) Transformational Theory (J. Mezirow)