Demonstration Presentation Final

Maroon (and Gold) 4Band-in-a-Box

Team 13

Presented By:

Benjamin Pacholl Christopher BrownJack Linke Michael Myer

Introduction

With the band Maroon (and Gold) 4’s upcoming tour fast approaching, we were presented with the problem of designing four unique instruments for the band to use on tour. We set out to solve this problem by focusing on a design that addressing the following criteria:

Quality Acoustics

Aesthetics

Portability

Cost Effectiveness

Our design includes four instruments Mini Pipe-Organ

Xylophone

Harp

Flute

Basic Physics of Wind Instruments

Pipe length determines output frequency.

Longer pipe = longer wave = lower frequency

Shorter pipe = shorter wave = higher frequency

𝑓𝑝=𝑛𝑣𝑋 𝐿(Frequency Formula) (Length formula)

(End Effect Correction ) Lactual = L theoretical – (61% x inside radius)

• f= fundamental frequency • v = speed of sound in air (343.5m/sec) • p = harmonic number (1 for this project)

• n = the mode number. (1 for this project)

• L= length of pipe (in meters)• Inside Radius 0.0064 meters• X = Length multiplier (closed pipe: 4, open

pipe: 2)

𝐿=𝑛𝑣𝑋 𝑓𝑝

Physics of String Instruments

String Instrument Equation:

T = Tension of the string in Newtons

= Linear mass density of the string

L = Length of string in meters

Rearranged to calculate lengths:

String Length, Tension, and Linear Mass Density determine the frequency of a string

Longer String = Lower Frequency

Lower Tension = Lower Frequency

Higher Linear Mass Density = Lower Frequency

Physics of Percussion Instruments

A xylophone is works by supporting bars of aa rigid material (i.e. wood or metal). When each bar is stuck, it vibrates and gives off a tone.  This tone varies by the material type, thickness, and length.

Frequency Equation:

𝑓𝑛=𝑝𝑖𝐾𝑣8𝐿2

• f= fundamental frequency • v = speed of sound in pine wood (3300 m/sec) • K = harmonic number (bar thickness/3.46 for this project)• n = the mode number. (1 for this project)• L= length of pipe (in meters)

Discussion: Mini Pipe Organ

Frequency Range: 293Hz (D4) – 698.45Hz (F5)

Cost: $13.60

Design Characteristics

Easy to play

small and compact

14” X 14” X 6”

Future design improvements

Larger air chamber, increased airflow

More rigid back of frame

Removed ¼ PVC tube, increased airflow

Discussion: Harp Frequency Range: 220Hz (A3) – 523.25Hz (C5)

Cost: $12.30

Design Characteristics

Each string can be tuned

Small and compact

15” X 7” X 1.5”

Every note between A3 and C5 is represented

Future design improvements

1/2” threaded rod vice 3/8” threaded rod

Design for higher voice (using thinner strings)

Discussion: Flute Frequency Range: 220Hz (A3) – 523.25Hz (C5)

Cost: $10.14

Design Characteristics

Adjustable key locations

Small and compact

16” X 6” X 2”

Easy to play

Future design improvements

More rigid keys

Discussion: Xylophone

Bar lengths between 6.22 and 10.77 inches

Frequency Range from 87 Hz to 262 Hz

14 Note bars cover low voice required for the ASU Fight Song

Originally started as a set of cowbells, but design limitations made the xylophone much more effective in terms of cost, construction, and space within the box.

Final cost was lower since some specified materials were not necessary: $9.80

An improvement to the design could include resonator tubes underneath each bar length to increase the volume of the instrument.

Project Budget

Project Cost Target: $60 ($15/instrument)

Proposed Budget: $38.99

Final Budget: $45.84

+/- From Target: -$14.16

Final BudgetInstrument Cost

Pipe Organ $ 13.60

Xylophone $ 9.80

Harp $ 12.30

Flute $ 10.14

Total $ 45.84

Music Demonstration

We recorded the ASU Fight Song for our presentation

An excerpt of the recording is provided here

Full recording available online

Conclusion

Our Instrument designs: Play the ASU fight song

Fits easily in 2ft x2 ft. x2 ft. Box

Under Budget

Uses less than 10 ft. of pipe

Less than 6 ft. of string

Unique designs

Have unique and quality sound

Look great

References

ASU. Blackboard Learn. Accessed June 15, 2015. https://myasucourses.asu.edu/.

Bugman13. "PVC Pipe Organ." Instructables.com. Accessed June 15, 2015. http://www.instructables.com/id/PVC-Pipe-organ/.

"EFunda: Properties of Stainless Steels Details." EFunda: Properties of Stainless Steels Details. 2015. Accessed June 15, 2015.

Phil Medina “Waves and Vibrations.” Accessed July 3, 2015 http://www.mrsciguy.com/Physics/Waves.html. Accessed July 3, 2015