Deep Gas Reservoir Play, Central and Eastern Gulf.

Deep Gas Reservoir Play, Central Deep Gas Reservoir Play, Central and Eastern Gulfand Eastern Gulf

SummarySummary

IntroductionIntroduction Petroleum System AnalysisPetroleum System Analysis Resource AssessmentResource Assessment Exploration StrategyExploration Strategy

IntroductionIntroduction

Gulf Coast Interior Salt Gulf Coast Interior Salt BasinsBasins

Gulf Coast Interior Salt Basins

Stratigraphy

Petroleum System AnalysisPetroleum System Analysis

Petroleum Source RocksPetroleum Source Rocks

Upper Jurassic Smackover lime mudstone Upper Jurassic Smackover lime mudstone beds served as an effective regional beds served as an effective regional petroleum source rockpetroleum source rock

Upper Cretaceous Tuscaloosa Marine Upper Cretaceous Tuscaloosa Marine shale beds served as a local source rockshale beds served as a local source rock

Upper most Jurassic and Lower Upper most Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous beds were possible source Cretaceous beds were possible source rocksrocks

Burial HistoryBurial History

North Louisiana North Louisiana Salt Basin Salt Basin

Cross SectionsCross SectionsLocationLocation

K’

North Louisiana Salt Basin North Louisiana Salt Basin Cross SectionCross Section

N S

VE: 32X

API: 1706920079

Burial History Profile Burial History Profile North Louisiana Salt BasinNorth Louisiana Salt Basin

- Sediment accumulation rates were greatest in the Jurassic (196-264 ft/my)

- 50-60% of the tectonic subsidence occurred in the Late Jurassic (135-157 ft/my)

North Louisiana Salt Basin, North Louisiana Salt Basin, Sabine Uplift Cross SectionSabine Uplift Cross Section

N S

VE: 22X

Burial History Profile NLSB, Sabine UpliftBurial History Profile NLSB, Sabine Uplift

North Louisiana Salt Basin, North Louisiana Salt Basin, Monroe Uplift Cross SectionMonroe Uplift Cross Section

N S

VE: 30X

North Louisiana Salt Basin Cross SectionNorth Louisiana Salt Basin Cross Section

W E

VE: 22X

Burial History Profile NLSB, Monroe UpliftBurial History Profile NLSB, Monroe Uplift

Mississippi Interior Salt Basin Mississippi Interior Salt Basin

Cross Section LocationCross Section Location

Mississippi Interior Salt Basin Mississippi Interior Salt Basin Cross SectionCross Section

VE: 16X

N S

Burial History ProfileBurial History ProfileMississippi Interior Salt BasinMississippi Interior Salt Basin

Thermal Maturation and Expulsion Thermal Maturation and Expulsion HistoryHistory

North Louisiana Salt BasinNorth Louisiana Salt Basin Cross Section LocationCross Section Location

K’

Model CalibrationModel Calibration

Thermal Maturation History Profile Thermal Maturation History Profile North Louisiana Salt BasinNorth Louisiana Salt Basin

Thermal Maturation Profile Cross Section Thermal Maturation Profile Cross Section North Louisiana Salt BasinNorth Louisiana Salt Basin

6,500ft

12,000ft

Average Maturation Depth

Hydrocarbon Expulsion Profile Hydrocarbon Expulsion Profile North Louisiana Salt BasinNorth Louisiana Salt Basin

Peak OilPeak Gas

Thermal Maturation History Profile NLSB, Thermal Maturation History Profile NLSB, Sabine UpliftSabine Uplift

Hydrocarbon Expulsion Plot NLSB, Hydrocarbon Expulsion Plot NLSB, Sabine UpliftSabine Uplift

Thermal Maturation History Profile NLSB, Thermal Maturation History Profile NLSB, Monroe UpliftMonroe Uplift

Hydrocarbon Expulsion Plot NLSB, Hydrocarbon Expulsion Plot NLSB, Monroe UpliftMonroe Uplift

Mississippi Interior Salt Basin Mississippi Interior Salt Basin

Cross Section LocationCross Section Location

Thermal Maturation History Profile Thermal Maturation History Profile Mississippi Interior Salt BasinMississippi Interior Salt Basin

Thermal Maturation Profile Cross Section Thermal Maturation Profile Cross Section

Mississippi Interior Salt BasinMississippi Interior Salt Basin

8,000ft

16,000ft

Average Maturation Depth

Hydrocarbon Expulsion PlotHydrocarbon Expulsion PlotMississippi Interior Salt BasinMississippi Interior Salt Basin

Peak Oil

Peak Gas

Comparison of NLSB and MISBComparison of NLSB and MISB

Modified from Mancini et al. (2006a)

Event Chart for Smackover Petroleum Event Chart for Smackover Petroleum System in the North Louisiana and System in the North Louisiana and

Mississippi Interior Salt BasinsMississippi Interior Salt Basins

Geologic ModelGeologic ModelSSW-NNE Section (B-B’)SSW-NNE Section (B-B’)

Oil MigrationOil MigrationSW-NE Section (B-B’)SW-NE Section (B-B’)

Gas MigrationGas MigrationSW-NE Section (B-B’)SW-NE Section (B-B’)

Gas Migration at 99 Ma Gas Migration at 99 Ma SW-NE Section (B-B’)SW-NE Section (B-B’)

Geologic ModelGeologic ModelNW-SE SectionNW-SE Section

Gas Migration ProfileGas Migration ProfileNW-SE SectionNW-SE Section

Gas Migration at 99 MaGas Migration at 99 MaNW-SE SectionNW-SE Section

Geologic ModelGeologic ModelN-S SectionN-S Section

Oil MigrationOil MigrationN-S SectionN-S Section

Gas Migration at 99 MaGas Migration at 99 MaN-S SectionN-S Section

Geologic ModelGeologic ModelN-S Section (Monroe Uplift)N-S Section (Monroe Uplift)

Oil MigrationOil MigrationN-S Section (Monroe Uplift)N-S Section (Monroe Uplift)

Gas Migration at 52 MaGas Migration at 52 MaN-S Section (Monroe Uplift)N-S Section (Monroe Uplift)

Resource AssessmentResource Assessment

Production DataProduction Data

Production DataProduction Data

Methodology for Resource Methodology for Resource AssessmentAssessment

Schmoker (1994)Schmoker (1994)

The mass of The mass of hydrocarbons generatedhydrocarbons generated from a petroleum source from a petroleum source

rock can be calculated by using the following equations:rock can be calculated by using the following equations:

1. (TOC wt%100)(FD)(VU) = MOG1. (TOC wt%100)(FD)(VU) = MOG

2. HI 2. HI OriginalOriginal – HI – HI PresentPresent = HG = HG

3. (MOG) (HG) (103. (MOG) (HG) (10-6-6kg/mg) = HCGkg/mg) = HCG

Where: TOC = total organic carbonWhere: TOC = total organic carbon

FD = formation densityFD = formation density

VU = volume of unitVU = volume of unit

MOG = mass of organic carbonMOG = mass of organic carbon

HI = hydrogen indexHI = hydrogen index

HG = hydrocarbons generated per gram of organic carbonHG = hydrocarbons generated per gram of organic carbon

HCG = hydrocarbon generated by source rock unitHCG = hydrocarbon generated by source rock unit

Key ParametersKey Parameters

Basin ParametersBasin Parameters

NLSB Platte River Software —NLSB Platte River Software —Gas GeneratedGas Generated

TOC = 1.0%Type II kerogenTransient heat flow6,400 TCF

By P. Li

NLSB Platte River Software —NLSB Platte River Software —Gas ExpelledGas Expelled

TOC = 1.0%Type II kerogen1,280 TCF

By P. Li

MISB Platte River Software —MISB Platte River Software —Gas GeneratedGas Generated

TOC = 1.5%Type II kerogenTransient heat flow3,130 TCF

By P. Li

MISB Platte River Software —MISB Platte River Software —Gas ExpelledGas Expelled

TOC = 1.5%Type II kerogenTransient heat flow843 TCF

Saturation threshold = 0.1

By P. Li

Comparison of Hydrocarbon Comparison of Hydrocarbon Generation & Expulsion VolumesGeneration & Expulsion Volumes

Method

hydrocarbon (bbls) hydrocarbon (bbls) 910×109

Oil (bbls) Oil (bbls) 580×109

Gas (TCF) Gas (TCF) 4,050

hydrocarbon (bbls) hydrocarbon (bbls) 1,540×109

Oil (bbls) Oil (bbls) 1,090×109

Gas (TCF) Gas (TCF) 3,130

Saturation Threshold Saturation Threshold 0.1

Oil (bbls) Oil (bbls) 442×109

Gas (TCF) Gas (TCF) 843

0.1

Expulsion

Generation

Generation

Mississippi Interior Salt BasinNorth Louisiana Salt Basin

Generation

Generation

2,870×109

832×109

14,177

Schmoker (1994)

970×109

1,280

Expulsion

2,640×109

1,715×109

6,400Platte River Software

Modified from Mancini et al. (2006b)

Gas ResourceGas Resource

*Assuming that 75% of total gas calculated with the Platte River Software Approach is from late cracking of oil in the source rock.

**Assuming a 1 to 5% efficiency in expulsion, migration and trapping processes.

Basin Gas Potentially Available (TCF)** Gas Produced (TCF)

NLSB

Potential Secondary Gas Resource

4,800 48 to 240 29

Gas Generated (TCF)*

2,350 23.5 to 115.5 13MISB

Exploration StrategyExploration Strategy

NLSB Thermal MaturationNLSB Thermal Maturation0

5 , 0 0 0

1 0 , 0 0 0

1 5 , 0 0 0

2 0 , 0 0 0

2 5 , 0 0 0

3 0 , 0 0 0

3 5 , 0 0 0

0 .0 1 .0 2 .0 3 . 0 4 .0

% R o

DE

PT

H (

fe

et)

0.55 1.3

12,000

7,000

0

5 , 0 0 0

1 0 , 0 0 0

1 5 , 0 0 0

2 0 , 0 0 0

2 5 , 0 0 0

3 0 , 0 0 0

3 5 , 0 0 0

0 .0 1 .0 2 .0 3 . 0 4 .0

% R o

DE

PT

H (

fe

et)

0.55 1.3

12,000

7,000

MISB Thermal MaturationMISB Thermal Maturation

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0

% Ro

DE

PT

H (

feet

)

0.55 1.3

11,000

16,500

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0

% Ro

DE

PT

H (

feet

)

0.55 1.3

11,000

16,500

Manila-Conecuh Thermal MaturationManila-Conecuh Thermal Maturation

Reservoir CharacteristicsReservoir Characteristics

Deep Gas Reservoir Areal DistributionDeep Gas Reservoir Areal Distribution

ConclusionsConclusions In the North Louisiana Salt Basin, Upper In the North Louisiana Salt Basin, Upper

Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous Smackover, Cotton Valley, Hosston, and Smackover, Cotton Valley, Hosston, and Sligo have high potential to be deeply Sligo have high potential to be deeply buried gas reservoirs (>12,000 ft).buried gas reservoirs (>12,000 ft).

In the Mississippi Interior Salt Basin, In the Mississippi Interior Salt Basin, Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous Norphlet, Smackover, Haynesville, Cotton Norphlet, Smackover, Haynesville, Cotton Valley, Hosston, and Sligo have high Valley, Hosston, and Sligo have high potential to be deeply buried gas potential to be deeply buried gas reservoirs (>16,500 ft).reservoirs (>16,500 ft).