DC Microgrids & Standards Webinar: Presented by the …standards.ieee.org/images/LVDC_webinar.pdfPrimary Voltage as defined in IEC 60038

DC Microgrids & Standards Webinar: Presented by the IEEE Standards Association

13 January 2017

Agenda

2

• Housekeeping • Welcome from our Moderator (Sam Sciacca) • 48V DC Standardisation Efforts in India and Deployment Experiences

(Rajesh Kunnath) • Standard for DC Microgrids for Rural and Remote Electricity Access

Applications (Brian T. Patterson) • Open Q&A from Audience • Contact Information

• End

WebEx Instructions for Participation

3

Upon entering the webinar, all attendee lines are automatically MUTED

If you are experiencing audio/technical issues, use the CHAT feature and message the host

Use the chat feature: “Send to Host” throughout the webinar to ask QUESTIONS

THANK YOU for joining today’s Webinar presented by the IEEE Standards Association

Welcome from Moderator

Sam Sciacca is the Senior Director of Technical Program Operations at the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA). Prior to joining IEEE, founded Automation Technologies and Services, a multinational firm working in electric utility automation and control. He went on to become CEO of SCS Consulting LLC. He is a registered professional engineer with more than 25 years of experience in all aspects of electric utility operations, both domestic and international. He is past Board member of the IEEE-SA, and serves as the IEEE-SA representative to the International Electrotechnical Commission.

4

IEEE & Low Voltage DC

5

Today’s Speakers Rajesh Kunnath has over 20 years of experience in

electronic design spanning multiple domains from RF systems and circuits design to switch mode power supply design. Over the last couple of years he has been actively involved with Low Voltage DC and has been involved with 48V DC distribution activities in India.

Brian T. Patterson is the President of the EMerge Alliance. Patterson’s extensive technical and work history in building technologies, electronics, and fiber optics has resulted in his holding many patents in those fields. He was formerly General Manger of Business Development for the Building Products Division of Armstrong World Industries, a founding member of the Alliance, is a member of the IEEE, IEC, CABA, PSMA and an active participant in UL/NEMA/NFPA task groups on DC power.

6

48V DC Standardisation Efforts in India and Deployment Experiences

7

Rajesh Kunnath

Statistics

• 50 million homes in India not connected to grid

• About 100 million homes have load-shedding between 2 hours a day to 16

hours a day

20% forced outages

• Millennium goals to be met without conflicting climate-change goals to the

greatest extent possible

8

Priority – Electricity Access

• Provide electricity access as a priority

• Abundant insolation across most of India makes PV the easy choice as a

source of power and enables access to be provided on a fast-track mode

• A standardised but minimalistic PV solution consisting of panels, batteries

and DC loads like LED lights and fans can be offered as a package and can

be scaled

9

Electricity Access - Considerations

• First Time users with no prior exposure to electricity and its potential for

hazard to human life

• Minimum requirement to power few lights, fans and mobile chargers,

sources and storage

• Leverage existing AC components, interconnects, electrical interfaces that

are locally available as much as possible to reduce costs

• Distribution to be standardised for low losses. A voltage to be explicitly

chosen

10

A Distribution standard for Electricity Access

• Define a voltage that is inherently safe, internationally safe and results in

low distribution loss

• Dimensions of distribution conductors based on AC conductor sizes

• Leverage existing AC components for over-current protection

• Grounding Considerations

• Co-existence with AC grid

• Standard to be compliant with existing standards but collated together to

address current needs

• Evolve into a micro-grid standard in the future

• Ensure scalability and a sustainable eco-system of parts and suppliers

11

Choice of Voltage

• 48V

Primary Voltage as defined in IEC 60038

Is safe – Falls under SELV System Classification and SELV circuit

classification as per IEC 60950

Optimal voltage considering safety and distribution

Can use 230V switchgear for protection

Leverage EV battery eco-system and automotive battery eco-system

for storage

DC-DC chips available with synchronous capabilities that operate

beyond 48V

12

Some Specifics of the proposed standard for India

• 48V Bus Voltage Nominal

• 5A max. per circuit (still under discussion)

• No limit to number of circuits

• Distribution topology similar to AC distribution

• AC wiring conductors of 1.5sq.mm, 2.5sq.mm or 4 sq.mm can be used

depending on the length. AC over-current devices can be used

• Co-existence with AC

13

Some Specifics of the proposed standard for India (Contd)

• IT System with exposed conducting parts to ground (IEC 60364-1)

•

14

T2I Typology (IEC 62257-2)

15

Deployment Scenario 1

16

DC REN (PV)

Charge Controller Storage

DC Bus

DC Load DC Load DC Load

Production System Distribution System Interface

Feeder

Branch Circuit

Basic Installation Pure DC Grounding not

mandatory for single panel systems

Deployment Scenario 2

17

AC GRID

Battery Charger Storage

DC Bus

DC Load DC Load DC Load

Production System Distribution System Interface

AC DISTRI BUTION

AC Load

Grid Powered

DC Backup

Deployment Scenario 3

18

AC GRID

Energy Management Storage

DC Bus

DC Load DC Load DC Load

Production System Distribution System Interface

AC DISTRI BUTION

AC Load

DC REN

Isolated AC/DC

DC and Grid Powered

Deployment Scenario 4

19

Source Source AC Grid

Energy Management, Power Conversion, Discharge Protection

Storage

DC Bus

DC Load DC Load DC Load

AC REN

DC REN

DC REN

GEN SET

AC GRID

SOURCES

Production System Distribution System Interface

DC Load

India Current LVDC Projects

Name of Place State #HH Total

Status

Jodhpur, Jaisalmer

Rajasthan 4,000 Completed

Beda, Sasaram

Bihar 100,000 Started in July, 2016

Lakhimpur Assam 10,000 Started in Aug-2016

Karby Anglong

Assam 7,200 Started Sept-2016

Grand Total 121,200

20

Installations in deserts of Phalodi, Rajasthan, India

21

Description Distance

Height of house 10 feet

Base of inverterless box to floor

5 feet

10 ft

5 ft

Standardized Installation practice

22

23

LED Bulb • 5W instead of 30W bulb

BLDC Fan • 30W instead of 72W AC fan • 9W at lowest speed

Remote Control for Fan & Tube light

• ON/OFF and for dimming

Cell phone Charger/Socket • DC charger with USB port

LED Tube light • 15W - dimmable to 4W, instead of 36W

fluorescent tube

48V DC-powered Appliances Commercialised

Learnings

Local DC distribution of power at 48V is viable, optimal and is already transforming

communities in India

Reasons include:

• Easy and safe installation of LVDC systems

• Operations at 48V was found to be optimum within SELV (<60V), considering

10% fluctuation in operating range

• Low cable losses over a distance compared to 24V or 12V

• Cost effective wiring (least wire thickness in SELV range)

– Same as AC wiring used today

• Promotes energy efficient DC appliances and practices

24

Industrial Collaboration - 48V DC Products

• Cygni Energy Private Limited

- Inverterless 500 & Inverterless 2400 controllers to drive DC loads at 48V

- Integrated Charging Sockets for mobile & laptop charging (i/p 48V)

• Intelizon Energy Private Limited

- DC powered DC tubelights

- DC powered LED bulbs

• TVS Lucas

- DC powered BLDC fan running at 48V

• Amararaja Batteries

- 24 Ah high-performance VLRI batteries at 12V DC

• Zazen

- DC powered air coolers running at 48V

• SK Dynamics

- DC powered mixers at 48V

25

Problems Faced • Accessibility of the Consumers

– Spread-out homes. Sometimes, home-to-home distances >3km

– Many Dhani’s (Un-electrified hamlets) consisting of only 10-15 homes

• Consumer Awareness

– Consumers spoke only local dialect. Difficult to communicate

– Haven’t seen electricity their entire life time

– Need to teach the basics of lighting and electricity

• Difficulty in Terrain

– Temp. soaring above 51 degree C in summer. Difficulty in doing

installation during summer time

– Sand dunes (esp. in Rajasthan). Accessibility by road difficult

• Consumer List

– Provided by Local DISCOM

– Based on 2011 census, which is outdated

– Data base provided not accurate and no-one having the final consumer

list for the villages

• Post-Installation Service / product delivery

– Difficult because of the terrain and accessibility

– Regular maintenance check is difficult due to far flung areas

26

User manual (in local language)

27

Village / Home Cluster 1 Village / Home Cluster N

LVDC System - Remote Monitoring Using Mobile Phones

Central Server

Mobile Phone collects the data from the Inverterless Controller and sends to the Central Server

28

Remote Monitoring: Mobile App

29

Remote Monitoring: Central Server

30

References to Existing Standards

31

IEC 60617, Graphical symbols for diagrams IEC 60038, Standard Voltages IEC 60364-1, Low-voltage electrical installations –Part 1: Fundamental principles, assessment of general characteristics, definitions IEC 60364-4-41 Low-voltage electrical installations – Part 4-41: Protection for safety – Protection against electric shock IEC 61140, Protection against electric shock – Common aspects for installation and equipment IEC 60479-1, Effects of current on human beings and livestock – Part 1: General aspects IEC 60479-5, Effects of current on human beings and livestock – Part 5: Touch voltage threshold values for physiological effects IEC 60269-2, Low-voltage fuses – Part 2: Supplementary requirements for fuses for use by authorized persons (fuses mainly for industrial application) – Examples of standardized systems of fuses A to I IEC 61643-12 Low-voltage surge protective devices – Part 12: Surge protective devices connected to low-voltage power distribution systems – Selection and application principles IEC 60950-1, Information technology equipment –Safety –Part 1: General requirements

IEC 62257-1, Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification – Part 1: General introduction to rural electrification IEC 62257-2, Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification – Part 2: From requirements of users to a range of electrification systems IEC 62257-3, Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification – Part 3: Project development and management IEC 62257-4, Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification – Part 4: System selection and design IEC 62257-5, Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification – Part 5: Safety rules IEC 62257-6, Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification – Part 6: Acceptance, operation, maintenance and replacement IEC 62257-7, Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification – Part 7: Technical specifications: generators IEC 62257-8, Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification – Part 8: Technical specifications: batteries and converters IEC 62257-9, Recommendations for small renewable energy and hybrid systems for rural electrification – Part 9: Technical specifications: integrated systems

References to Existing Standards (Contd)

Conclusions

• 48V DC installations in India already proving to make a difference to lives

in India

• Eco-system of developers and manufacturers exist

• Near consensus on draft standards

• Ministry of Power in India supports 48V DC standard

• India plans to move ahead on this

– While seeking a higher (380V DC) standard for higher power

33

Brian T. Patterson President

EMerge Alliance

P2030.10 Standard for DC Microgrids for Rural and Remote Electricity Access Applications

The Challenge

The Challenge

Enable 3 billion people adequate access to, safe, affordable, clean, efficient, resilient, and sustainable

electricity

By promoting the financing, procurement, installation, operation and maintenance of

standardized rural and remote DC Microgrids

The Vision

P2030.10 Standard for

DC Microgrids for Rural and Remote Electricity Access Applications

Type of Standard

Timing:

Anticipatory

Enabling

Responsive

Category:

Terminology

Health & Safety

Compatibility/Interoperability

Performance

Procedural

Etc.

Level:

Component

Device

System

Infrastructure

The Goal

To create an technically enabling interoperability standard for electricity

systems that can provide safe and economic access

to electricity in areas of developed and developing counties where centralized electric power generation,

transmission and distribution infrastructure does not exist.

The Strategy

“Enable a bottom-up participatory electric infrastructure of massively distributed renewable

energy dc microgrids - that can be interconnected in a real-time transactional mesh network of electric

power prosumers”

Integrated Mesh of Electricity Microgrids

“Doing for Electricity what the Internet did for Information”

Combining ideal solutions with key virtues learned from the Internet

Resilient Infrastructure

The New Energy Marketplace

Why DC Microgrids?

Key Drivers: • Solar and other renewable sources

• The use of electricity storage

• The local coupling of multiple sources and loads

• Ease of solid-state digital (dc) articulation of power

• Increasing use of electronic loads

• Desire to simplify system

• Inherently safe at low voltages and limited currents

The Technology

5 Initial Task Groups

Existing

Standards Market Development

Stakeholder ID &

Communications

System Architecture

(The Standard)

Use Cases

The Results Expected For Marketplace & Customers

Uniform, transparent market

Underwritten quality and performance certification

Competition, improved choice and attractive pricing

Trust and confidence in products, willingness to buy, reduced credit risk

Improved and sustainable service & replacement market

For Industry

Faster Time-to-Market; early information on product requirements

Better Insight into market, customers, competition

Simplified development – maximized efficiencies, reduced costs

Leadership opportunities and relationships

Business development opportunities

In general

Facilitates the creation of infrastructure

Grow the market faster, bring down costs and increase competition

Enable interoperability

Encourage innovation, and open up new markets

Help prevent the duplication of effort

Open Q&A from Audience

Please enter your questions for our speakers into the Chat window now

49

Contacts

Sam Sciacca: [email protected]

Rajesh Kunnath: [email protected]

Brian T. Patterson: [email protected]

For IEEE P2030.10 information, please contact Michael Kipness at [email protected] or visit https://standards.ieee.org/develop/project/2030.10.html

50