Day 1 I can identify the characteristics of organisms in the kingdom Fungi.

Day 1

I can identify the characteristics of organisms in the kingdom Fungi.

1. Before heading out on their delivery duties, Santa’s reindeer all have to have their yearly rabies shot in case they get bitten by an animal infected with rabies. Because a rabies shot is required every year, what must be true about the rabies virus?

a. Rabies is most likely a virus that mutates easilyb. Rabies is most likely a virus that does not mutate easilyc. Continued exposure to the cold weather of the North Pole destroys the rabies vaccine d. Rabies have become resilient to the antibiotics used to treat them

2. The Great Horned Owl’s scientific name is Bubo virginianus. What species of animal is it? a. Owl b. Bubo c. virginianus d. bird

3. For what purpose might a person use a dichotomous key? a. To identify the locations on a map where certain types of organisms live. b. To open the lock to the science storage closet. c . To identify and classify a particular organism. d. To find out information about a particular organism.

Science Starter

4. ___________________________ organisms are unable to make their own food so they must obtain food from their environment.

a. autotrophic b. heterotrophic c. hypertonic d. monolithic

1. This image demonstrates a section from a(n) __________________________ a. dictionary b. thesaurus c. encyclopedia d. dichotomous key

1. Trees with needlelike or scalelike leaves (conifers) 2

Trees with broad flat leaves of many shapes and patterns (broadleaves)

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2. Leaves needlelike 3

Leaves scalelike, sometimes prickly on young trees

eastern redcedar

5.

1. Before heading out on their delivery duties, Santa’s reindeer all have to have their yearly rabies shot in case they get bitten by an animal infected with rabies. Because a rabies shot is required every year, what must be true about the rabies virus?

a. Rabies is most likely a virus that mutates easilyb. Rabies is most likely a virus that does not mutate easilyc. Continued exposure to the cold weather of the North Pole destroys the rabies vaccine d. Rabies have become resilient to the antibiotics used to treat them

2. The Great Horned Owl’s scientific name is Bubo virginianus. What species of animal is it? a. Owl b. Bubo c. virginianus d. bird

3. For what purpose might a person use a dichotomous key? a. To identify the locations on a map where certain types of organisms live. b. To open the lock to the science storage closet. c . To identify and classify a particular organism. d. To find out information about a particular organism.

4. ___________________________ organisms are unable to make their own food so they must obtain food from their environment.

a. autotrophic b. heterotrophic c. hypertonic d. monolithic

1. This image demonstrates a section from a(n) __________________________ a. dictionary b. thesaurus c. encyclopedia d. dichotomous key

1. Trees with needlelike or scalelike leaves (conifers) 2

Trees with broad flat leaves of many shapes and patterns (broadleaves)

12

2. Leaves needlelike 3

Leaves scalelike, sometimes prickly on young trees

eastern redcedar

5.

Vocabulary:1. What does symbiotic mean? Two organisms living closely together with one or both having an effect on the other.

2. What does mutualistic mean? Both species in the relationship benefit (bee and a flower.)

3. What does commensalistic mean? One species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped (Remora cling to sharks and feed off scraps that come from the sharks mouth, but the shark doesn’t really benefit.)

4. What does parasitic mean? One species benefits while the other is harmed (tick on a dog).

Fungi are eukaryotic (they have a nucleus), heterotrophic (they must find food in their environment). Most fungi are multicellular, but some are simple unicellular organisms.

Fungi can live in mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic relationships with other organisms. Fungi are present all over the world, in marine as well as terrestrial environments.

http://www.brainpop.com/science/diversityoflife/fungi/

Characteristics of Fungi• Fungi are non-vascular. Plants are mostly vascular

(except mosses and a couple others.) Vascular organisms have tiny tube or pipe-like structures that bring water

from the ground to the rest of the plant. Fungi have no such “plumbing.”

The Main Structures of Fungal Cells Are:

• Cell walls made of chitin• Hyphae: thread-like tubes that make up

multicellular fungi• A group of hyphae make up the mycelium, an

underground “root-like system of a fungi.”

Yeast

Yeast is a unicellular fungi that is used to make bread. Yeast breaks down sugar and “burps” carbon dioxide which causes the dough to rise. In liquids, yeast breaks down sugar and releases carbon dioxide and alcohol. This process is known as fermentation.

Other fungi include mushrooms. Some species of mushrooms are edible, but most are harmful to humans. Only an expert in

mushroom identification should attempt to collect mushrooms from the wild.

Morel mushrooms are rare and very delicious.

The False Morel, on the other hand, is deadly.

Draw and label the mushroom:

Day 2

I can identify the characteristics of organisms in the kingdom Fungi.

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3

2

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Lichens: The “bodies” of lichens are made of a mixture of a fungus and either a green algae or a blue-green bacteria (cyanobacteria). The fungus and algae have a mutualisitic relationship because both benefit from the relationship. The fungus holds water to keep the algae moist, breaks down organic material and makes the minerals available for both to use, and generally serves as protection for the alga. The algae produces organic “food” for both by the process of photosynthesis.

Functions of Fungi:

Food & Fungi: Yeast make bread rise, mold makes cheeses, mushrooms are used many different ways

Environmental recycling: Decomposers that break down dead or decaying material

Disease-fighting fungi: The antibiotic, Penicillium, is used to treat bacterial infections

Some fungi are parasitic, meaning they feed off a living host. Diseases like ring worm and athlete’s foot are caused by parasitic fungi.

Mutualistic relationship with plants- Hyphae are often intertwined under the surface with the roots of plants. The hyphae provide the plants with dissolved (decomposed) nutrients. The plants provide protection for fragile hyphae. Both the plant and the fungi benefit.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iXJhu1T3XQk penicillin

“Jock” itch affects more than just jocks, and isn’t just found around the…well you know.

RINGWORM of the scalp

How Do Fungi Reproduce?

Fungi do not reproduce from seeds like plants. Fungi produce microscopic reproductive cells called spores.

The part of the mushroom we see above ground is the part responsible for producing and releasing spores. Below the surface, the fungi consists of long, thread or root like structures known as hyphae. The bundled mass of hyphae (known as the mycelium) releases digestive enzymes that decompose organic matter.

How do Fungi Obtain Energy?

1. Fungi don’t require sunlight because they do not conduct ______________________, a process that uses sunlight to produce food. a. binary fission b. predation c. photosynthesis d. mitosis

2. The part of a mushroom that we see is basically the fruiting body, the part of the mushroom that produces ____________________. a. hyphae b. roots c. flowers d. spores

3. Most fungi obtain food by:a. breaking down organic material

b. photosynthesisc. hunting/scavengingd. ordering take-out from Domino’s

4. The roots of plants (provides protection) and the underground ____________________ of mushrooms (provides decomposed nutrients) form a mutualistic relationship.

5. Fungi cell walls are made of _________________________.

Fungi Q/A

1. Fungi don’t require sunlight because they do not conduct ______________________, a process that uses sunlight to produce food.

c. photosynthesis 2. The part of a mushroom that we see is basically the fruiting body, the part of the mushroom that produces ____________________.

d. spores

3. Most fungi obtain food by:

a. breaking down organic material

4. The roots of trees and the underground ___hyphae_________________ of mushrooms form a mutualistic relationship.

5. Fungi cell walls are made of ____chitin___.

6. The “bodies” of lichens are made of a mixture of a fungus and either a green algae or a blue-green bacteria (cyanobacteria). The fungus and algae have a ___________________________ relationship because both benefit from the relationship. The fungus holds water to keep the algae moist, breaks down organic material and makes the minerals available for both to use, and generally serves as protection for the alga. The algae produces organic “food” for both by the process of photosynthesis.

a. Commensalism b. Mutualism c. Parasitism

Day 3I can identify the characteristics of organisms in the Kingdom Plant.

Plants are eukaryotic and autotrophic.

Plant cells have cell walls made of cellulose and organelles called chloroplasts that contain the chlorophyll necessary for photosynthesis.

Remember, photosynthesis requires four ingredients:

1. light

2. chlorophyll

3. water

4. CO2

Plants create glucose through photosynthesis.

plants

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lDwUVpOEoE4

Mr. Parr

Plants also affect our atmosphere by removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and by releasing oxygen and water vapor back into the

atmosphere. This process is called transpiration. Plants do this to cool off. Water vapor traps heat. When a plant releases water vapor, it takes heat with

it. They also provide many species of animals with food. Plants give us building materials, medicine, and materials for clothing as well.

On land and in some aquatic environments, plants are the main food source at the bottom of the food chain or food web. Plants and algae are known in ecology as producers. Producers are the food makers of the world. They use sunlight, carbon dioxide, water, and chlorophyll to make food through photosynthesis. Even animals that don’t eat plants directly (carnivores) still need plants because carnivores eat herbivores (plant eaters.)

http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/photosynthesis/

Plumbing or No Plumbing?

Most plants on earth have a network of “tubes” or “pipes” throughout the roots, stems, and leaves that carry nutrients and water throughout the plant. It is sort of like the veins and arteries of our circulatory or cardiovascular system. Thus, plants that have these tubes are called vascular plants.

Vascular plants can grow to enormous sizes, and because they have deep roots systems and tubes to carry water from many feet under the ground to the very top of the tree, they do not have to live directly in or near water.

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VASCULAR SYSTEM STRUCTURE

Xylem tissue carries water and minerals upward from the rootsPhloem tissue carries sugars made by photosynthesis from the leaves to where they will be stored or usedSap is the fluid carried inside the xylem or phloem

copyright cmassengale

Vascular Bundles

Nonvascular plants are a different story. They don’t have any plumbing, so they have no way to transport water from the ground to the other parts of the tree. Because of this, non-vascular plants are ALWAYS small and must live in or near water.

Moss is the most common type of non-vascular plant in most areas.

Mosses do not reproduce by seed. Instead, they develop spores like fungi. This picture shows the spore sacs of a cluster of moss.

Ferns are vascular plants that produce spores.

http://www.brainpop.com/science/diversityoflife/seedlessplants/

Draw and label the graphic organizeron the next slide .

Plant Q/A

1. What can plants and algae do that animals cannot? make their own food

2. Organisms that can make their own food through photosynthesis are referred to as: autotrophs or producers.

3. Plants release ______________________ into the atmosphere, which is needed by all animals on earth.

4. The release of water vapor into the air by plants is known as __________________. transpiration

oxygen

5. Plants that have a network of tubes or pipes for distributing water and nutrients throughout the plant are known as _______________.

6. The most common type of non-vascular plant is _________________________.

7. Nonvascular plants are usually _________________ in size and must live in or near _________________.

vascular

moss

water

very small

Draw and label the diagram on the next slide .

6H20 + 6CO2 + Sunlight + Chlorophyll-- Sugar (C6H12O6) and Oxygen (O2)

http://www.monkeysee.com/play/24366-what-is-photosynthesis

Day 4I can identify the characteristics of organisms in the Kingdom Plant.

http://www.brainpop.com/science/diversityoflife/seedplants/

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SEED-PRODUCING VASCULAR PLANTS

Includes two groups – Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

Gymnosperms have naked seeds in cones

Angiosperms have flowers that produce seeds to attract pollinators and produce seeds

copyright cmassengale

Gymnosperms- Most commonly

conifers.

Conifers- Cone producing trees like spruce, fir, pine,

and hemlock.

Most flowers contain both the male and female reproductive organs. Not so with conifers. The large cones we find scattered on the ground are actually all female cones. Male cones are much smaller and are produced only for a short time in the spring.

Conifers have thin, needle-like leaves that have a waxy coating. The design of the leaves helps them slow the loss of water through transpiration. This is particularly important in areas where no liquid water is available for months at a time.

AngiospermsAngiosperm- Flowering plants. Seeds normally

covered by fruit or a papery sheath.

ExamplesApple, rice, walnut, and

many more.

Most vegetable plants.

Most broadleaf trees.

Most grasses (Yes, they do have flowers. They are usually

very tiny and green since grasses rely on wind rather than insects

to spread their pollen).

What are the three main parts of flowers?

• petals• stamens• pistil

Parts of a Flower

Flowers contain both the male and the female reproductive organs for the plant. Pollen, the male sex cell, is produced in the anther. Ovules (unfertilized “eggs”) are produced in the ovary.

Parts of a Flower

Parts of a Flower

Review• Sepals protect the bud

until it opens.• Petals attract insects.• Stamens make pollen.• Pistil contain the ovary

which contains the ovules (eggs).

• When fertilized, ovules grow into fruits which contain seed.

Stories Must Include:• Common & scientific

name• Description of the flower• Explanation of the role of

the flower in the life cycle of the plant

• Use or value of the plant

Writing Assessment Rubric:• Accuracy of information• Creativity• Use of vivid vocabulary• Description of flower• Plant’s use or value

Flower Power Writing

Why Do Plants Make Flowers?

Holly

Evergreens- Plants that maintain their leaves all year.Most conifers like pine, spruce, fir, and hemlock trees are evergreens. Conifers have thin, needle-like leaves that slow loss of water through transpiration, which is especially important in the northern winters

when liquid water is not available.

Magnolia

Deciduous- Plants that shed their leaves for part of the year.

Pollination, Fertilization,

and Germination

http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/pollination/

Seeds develop in three stages. First, the pollen from one flower must be transported to another flower of the same species. This is usually done by insects, hummingbirds, and sometimes wind. When the pollen from one flower is deposited on the sticky stigma of another flower, pollination has occurred.

Flowers that need pollinators have several different ways of attracting them.ColorScentDesign (for example, one species of flower looks like a female wasp. Its design attracts males wasps which act as pollinators.

The pollen then grows a long tube from the stigma all the way down to the ovary. Each pollen cell grows its own tube. Once inside the ovary, each pollen

tube will attempt to deposit its genetic information inside an ovule. If the ovule accepts the genetic information the ovule will become fertilized and will begin

growing into a seed. This is the fertilization stage.

When a seed begins to sprout from the soil, the process is known as germination.

Observing a Seed1. Observe the outside of a dry bean seed with a

hand lens. Draw it and write down four or more properties including length and width.

2. Get a wet bean seed to observe. Draw it and write down four or more properties including length and width.

3. Why is the wet seed larger?4. Split it open and observe its parts. Draw and

label its inside including the seed coat, cotyledon (leaves), and embryo (new plant).

Plant Insert Q/A

8. Plants that produce seeds inside flowers are known as _______________________.

9. Plants that produce seeds inside cones are known as _____________________ or________________.

10. The most common types of spore producing plants are _____________ and ______________.

angiosperms

gymnosperms conifers

fernsmosses

11. Plants that maintain their leaves all year are known as _______________________.

12. ______________________trees drop their leaves and become dormant for part of the year..

evergreens

Deciduous

Remember that some plants can reproduce asexually as well.

13. What do we know about the offspring resulting from asexual reproduction?They are genetically identical to the parent.

14. What three structures are found in plant cells but not animal cells?cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts

15. What is the difference between a vascular plant and a nonvascular plant? Vascular plants have a network of tubes to carry water and nutrients throughout the plant. Non-vascular plants lack these structures.

16. What function is served by the shape and design of conifer needles?It slows water loss through transpiration.

17. List three types of autotrophs.

• Cyanobacteria (Kingdom Monera)• Algae (Kingdom Protista)• Plants (Kingdom Plantae)

18. The two insects in this image transported pollen on their legs and face from one flower to this flower. The transfer of pollen from one plant to another is known as:

a.Fertilizationb.Pollinationc.Germination

19. Once pollen has been deposited on the tip of the female organ of the flower (the pistil), a long pollen tube forms so that sperm from the pollen can travel to the plant’s ovules (unfertilized eggs.) When the sperm unites with an ovule, the process is known as___________________.

a.Fertilizationb.Pollinationc.Germination

20. What type of organisms are likely to benefit the most from the actions of a decomposer (aside from the actual decomposer?)

Plants absorb the decomposed nutrients that the decomposer does not use. Since plants are at the base of the food web, plants enable these nutrients to be recycled through the ecosystem.

21. What process appears to be happening in this image?

a.Fertilizationb.Pollinationc.Germination

22. C-Bass is observing this sample of tissue in her microscope.

She is most likely looking at a sample of tissue from which of the following?a. frog skin b. lettuce leaf c. pine tree root d. tree bark