Fourth Meeting Flight Operations and Air Traffic Managment Component of the North Asia Regional Aviation Safety Team (NARAST) RNP Implementation Issues Dave Nakamura Technical Fellow – CNS Technical Standards Airplane Systems Boeing Commercial Airplanes
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Dave Nakamura Technical Fellow – CNS Technical Standards Airplane Systems
Fourth Meeting Flight Operations and Air Traffic Managment Component of the North Asia Regional Aviation Safety Team (NARAST) RNP Implementation Issues. Dave Nakamura Technical Fellow – CNS Technical Standards Airplane Systems Boeing Commercial Airplanes. TOPICS. RNP Implementation Issues - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Fourth MeetingFlight Operations and Air Traffic
Managment Componentof the
North Asia Regional Aviation Safety Team (NARAST)
RNP Implementation Issues
Dave NakamuraTechnical Fellow – CNS Technical StandardsAirplane SystemsBoeing Commercial Airplanes
General Assessment:Airplane Performance, navigation infrastructure, Procedure Design Criteria, Topography Data Sources, ATC Local Flows, Weather, FAR & FAA Orders
Operational Requirement:Determine & assess how RNP operation overcomes limitations and provides benefits
Aircraft & Infrastructure:Nav integrity/availability e.g. PRAIM, A/C Systems & Equipage, capability, limitations
General Assessment:Airplane Performance, navigation infrastructure, Procedure Design Criteria, Topography Data Sources, ATC Local Flows, Weather, FAR & FAA Orders
Operational Requirement:Determine & assess how RNP operation overcomes limitations and provides benefits
Operational Approval:Ops Authorization, Ops Specifications or equivalent
What’s the Problem, Issues & Solutions?
Aircraft & Infrastructure:Nav integrity/availability e.g. PRAIM, A/C Systems & Equipage, capability, limitations
W100.6The Boeing Company
Source: Boeing Current Market Outlook 2002
To meet demand, world fleet must double by 2020Large airframes
15,271
32,495
23,929
20212001
8,566retained fleet
6,705 replacements
17,224growth
airplanes
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
Aircraft and Infrastructure
W100.7The Boeing Company
ProfitRevenues Costs
Market
Price
NewAirplane
Services
RetrofitLifecycle
Costs
ImplementCosts
OperatorValue
Efficiency Costs
Revs
Labor
TrainingSpares
Downtime
Prerequisites
Training
Maintenance
NR
Rec.
SupplierPmts.
Kitting
Eng.
Mfg.
Test & Cert
Supplier
Eng.
Supplier
Mfg.
APSales
AP SaleRevs
IndustryDevelopment
RegulationRegulatory
Mandate
Procedures
Standards
AirlineBus. Case*
Airlines
Wt./Fuel
Manufacturer
Aircraft Decisions follow a complex formula
Aircraft and Infrastructure
W100.8The Boeing Company
Approach/landing/departure/A-SMGCS
En route
NDBVORDMEGPS
SBASGBAS
NDBVORDME
Basic GNSSILS Cat I
ILS Cat II/IIIMLS Cat IIISBAS Cat I
GBAS Cat I/II/III
2000 2010 20152005
Cat I
Aircraft Compatible with Infrastructure
Aircraft and Infrastructure
W100.9The Boeing Company
High GainSatelliteAntenna
Low GainSatelliteAntenna
HFTransceiver
ACARSManagement
Unit
VHF Transceiver
Satellite Data Unit
Amplifier
HFAntenna
AudioControlPanel
Radio TuningPanel
VHFAntenna
TCAS II Mode SDisplays
TCAS II Mode S
TCAS IIAntenna
Mode SAntenna
GPSAntennas
DMEAntennas
VORAntennas
FlightManagementSystem
MonitoringAlertingSystem
FlightManagementSystem
Autopilot/FlightDirectorSystems
MMRILSGPS
DME
VOR
DME
VORIRS
Flt DeckDisplays/Alerting
ILSAntennas
More to readiness than aircraft and systems:Airplane Flight Manual, Ops Manual, Maintenance Planning Data, Equipment List, RNP Capability documentation, etc appropriate to the operation and RNP
Aircraft and Infrastructure
W100.10The Boeing Company
513 777s
1988 737-3/4/5 2587 737-6/7/8/9
782 757s681 767s
345 757s259 767s
498 747-400s
GPS basic
777
1982
757/767
737-300/-400/-500
1985
1989 747-400
1995
185 747-400s
Example •At least half the “modern” fleet delivered prior to full CNS/ATM equipage being available• Large retrofit issue – hard to know the aircraft retrofit status
Differences in delivered capability
Aircraft and InfrastructureGBAS: Yes, SBAS: No
W100.11The Boeing Company
Note: Percentages based on number of respondents and may not reflect Industry as a whole.
Aircraft and InfrastructureConsistency in Aircraft Performance and Level of Capability is Essential e.g. RF Leg
Courtesy of
W100.12The Boeing Company
-200
-300
-400
-500
-700
-800
-900
All Single FMC (e.g., Smiths 10.4A, U 1.6)No GPS
All Single FMC (e.g., Smiths 10.4A)No GPS
Half Single/Half Dual FMC (e.g., Smiths, U5.0)Half Dual/Half No GPS
All Dual FMC (e.g., Smiths 10.4A)All Dual GPS
All Single FMC, (e.g., Marconi)10% GPS
All Dual FMC (e.g., Smiths 10.4A)All Dual GPS
All Dual FMC (e.g., Smiths 10.4A)All Dual GPS
Aircraft and InfrastructureB737 Aircraft Example
Courtesy of
W100.13The Boeing Company
General Assessment:Airplane Performance, navigation infrastructure, Procedure Design Criteria, Topography Data Sources, ATC Local Flows, Weather, FAR & FAA Orders
Operational Requirement:Determine & assess how RNP operation overcomes limitations and provides benefits
RNP Implementation
Aircraft & Infrastructure:Nav integrity/availability e.g. PRAIM, A/C Systems & Equipage, capability, limitations
General Assessment:Airplane Performance, navigation infrastructure, Procedure Design Criteria, Topography Data Sources, ATC Local Flows, Weather, FAR & FAA Orders
Operational Requirement:Determine & assess how RNP operation overcomes limitations and provides benefits
RNP Implementation
Aircraft & Infrastructure:Nav integrity/availability e.g. PRAIM, A/C Systems & Equipage, capability, limitations
•Procedures from database•Active navigation sensor •ID, bearing, distance, GS, time to waypoint
•Direct to, fly-over, fly-by capability
•IF, RF, TF, CF, DF plus VM recommended
•System Failure•Autoreversion to secondary sensor
SAAAR – Functional Requirements
W100.24The Boeing Company
Initial SegmentRNP 1.0
Intermediate SegmentRNP 0.3
Final Segment with RF
RNP 0.10
Missed Approach SegmentRNP 0.3
Approach Segment WidthRNP Level
MAXIMUM MINIMUM Segment
Feeder/Initial 1.0 0.10
Intermediate 1.0 0.10
Final 0.50 0.10*
Missed Approach 1.0 0.10*
* Can be lower than 0.10 with AFS-400 approval
SAAAR – Appendix 5
W100.25The Boeing Company
1
20.71
3,580.07
FAF
500’ ROC
VEB OCSGlidepath
Vertical Error Budget (VEB) Alternative
SAAAR, Appendix 5Obstacle Clearance
W100.26The Boeing Company
0 6.6 10 13 20
Linear criteria for missed approach
RNP+ 1xRNP
RNP .1 RNP .15 RNP .2 RNP .3
NM
SAAAR, Appendix 5Obstacle Clearance
W100.27The Boeing Company
50
MA OCS
VEB OCS
MA Climb Path
GlidepathFAS DA
Approach Surface Base Line
SAAAR, Appendix 5
CG = 6076.11548slope
Slope = 6076.11548CG
Allows for performance based Missed ApproachObstacle Clearance
W100.28The Boeing Company
Applications with RNP SAAAR where benefits assessments are being performed and priorities derived
Parallel without Transition
Runway Access and Risk Management
De-confliction of Adjacent Airports
Simultaneous Converging
Parallel with Visual Transition
Parallel without Transition
Runway Access & Risk Management
De-confliction of Adjacent Airports
Simultaneous Converging
Parallel with Visual Transition
750’ - <4300’
3631
3631
3631
16L
9
Airport #1
Airport #2
36
Conventional
36
RNP SAAAR
3636
RNP SAAAR2400’ - <4300’
SAAAR – Operational Applications
W100.29The Boeing Company
Specials SAAAR Public SAAAR
RNP
PANS-OPs
W100.30The Boeing Company
Public RNP SAAAR
Public RNP SAAAR key attributes:– Path construction:
– RNP 0.3 approach typical, as low as RNP 0.1 – RNP 1 missed approach typical, as low as RNP 0.1 – RF path type where necessary, fixes the ground track in a turn
– Obstacle Assessment:– Lateral OCS equal to 2xRNP either side of track center– Vertical OCS a distance equal to the vertical error budget (VEB)
below descent path (aircraft specific)– Missed approach OCS from VEB value at DA rising at a slope
equal to engine out climb performance (aircraft specific)– Ability to lower DA if MA OCS clears controlling obstacle– FAS RNP carried into the MAS
Public SAAAR aims for much broader participation of RNP capable aircraft
W100.31The Boeing Company
Initial SegmentRNP 1.0
Intermediate SegmentRNP 1.0Final
SegmentRNP 0.30
Missed Approach SegmentRNP 1.0
Approach Segment WidthRNP Level
Basic Segment
Feeder/Initial 1.0
Intermediate 1.0
Final 0.30
Missed Approach 1.0
* Can be lower than 0.10 with AFS-400 approval
Public RNP SAAAR
W100.32The Boeing Company
1
20.71
3,559.42
FAF
500’ ROC
VEB OCSGlidepath
Vertical Error BudgetObstacle Clearance
Public RNP SAAAR
Note: BG is based upon straight in approach only, and therefore less than the BG for N8000.287 SAAAR
W100.33The Boeing Company
50
MA OCS
VEB OCS
MA Climb Path
GlidepathFAS DA
Approach Surface Base Line
Public RNP SAAAR
Approach•Fixed VEB variables
Missed Approach• Base climb gradient 200’/NM with adjustments,
425’/NM max to clear obstacles• Fixed assessment of IRS/non-IRS• Turns with standardized RF before DER• Rejected landing as Ops evaluation
Operational•Equipment•Crew Procedures•Training•Monitoring Program
Standardize as much as possible, eliminate variability
W100.34The Boeing Company
AC90-RNP SAAAR DRAFT
Operational Considerations:•Accuracy: 0.3 NM, 95%xGNSS or GNSS/IRUx10-7 Airspace ContainmentxEGPWS & TAWS CrosscheckxRNP MEL & Crew Equipment List
•CDI or Navigation Map, & display resolution of 0.1 nm
•A/C position & desired path, verification by 2nd pilot
•Procedures from database•Active navigation sensor •ID, bearing, distance, GS, time to waypoint
•Direct to, fly-over, fly-by capability
•IF, RF, TF, CF, DF plus VM recommended
•System Failure•Autoreversion to secondary sensor
Public RNP SAAAR – Functional Requirements
W100.35The Boeing Company
Notice vs Public Criteria at Tier 1 Airports
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
ATL SEAORD
DFW EWR
DTW LGA
JFK
PHLPDX IA
HLG
BMDW
TUS PITCLE SFO JA
C
Med
ian
Ach
ieve
d H
AT
- fee
t
N 0.10 P 0.1 N 0.20 P 0.2 N 0.30 P 0.3
RNP Solutions
Data from PARC
W100.36The Boeing Company
Specials SAAAR Public SAAAR
RNP
PANS-OPs
W100.37The Boeing Company
RNP Concept
RNP with Containment
RNP with Containment
Integrity/Continuity
RNP 10, RNP 47030 exception
B-RNAV, P-RNAVRNP-x
RNP 2, RNP 1, RNP 0.3
RNP-x/yRNP 0.3/125
ICAOConfusion between RNP concept and designations
RNP RNP
1999
W100.38The Boeing Company
Performance based Navigation Concept
Navigation Applications without Containment Integrity/Continuity
Navigation Applications with Containment
Integrity/Continuity
LegacyRNP 10, RNP 4
B-RNAV, P-RNAV
NewRNAV 2, RNAV 1,
etc
RNP-xRNP 2, RNP 1,
RNP 0.3
RNP-x/yRNP 0.3/125
ICAOConcept evolution, recognizes value and benefit of RNAV, and added value and benefits of RNP.
RNAV RNP
2005
W100.39The Boeing Company
ICAO PANS-Ops
Scalable
Default with limited scalability
FAF FixAMAP
RNP Criteria EvolutionDefault Criteria for broad and quick applicationScalable Criteria to address special conditions, requirements, and benefits
W100.40The Boeing Company
Complexity of Problem Standardization of Solution
RNP Decision FactorsLess
More
Specials SAAAR Public SAAAR
RNP
PANS-OPs
ICAO PANS-Ops
W100.41The Boeing Company
General Assessment:Airplane Performance, navigation infrastructure, Procedure Design Criteria, Topography Data Sources, ATC Local Flows, Weather, FAR & FAA Orders
Operational Requirement:Determine & assess how RNP operation overcomes limitations and provides benefits
RNP Implementation
Aircraft & Infrastructure:Nav integrity/availability e.g. PRAIM, A/C Systems & Equipage, capability, limitations
Operational Approval:Ops Authorization, Ops Specifications or equivalent
What’s the Problem, Issues & Solutions?
W100.42The Boeing Company
Operational Considerations:• Autopilot requirements, dispatch, maintenance • NAVAID Exclusion• Track Deviation Monitoring• Predictive Capability• MEL• Contingency Procedures: - Loss of RNP system - Loss of sensors - Loss of GPS signal - IRU Coasting• ATC Procedures/Phraseology• Aeronautical Data and Database Processes• Training and Manuals for RNAV/RNP
Operational Implementation
W100.43The Boeing Company
RNP 10 -> 4
MNPS-> RNP4 BRNAV -> PRNAVRNP 4
RNP 10 -> 4
RNP 10 -> 4
RNP 4
Different Regional Requirements and Infrastructure Basis
- Alignment of Operations to Criteria and Schedules needed
AMC 20-XX
AMC 20-XZ
RNP and Global Interoperability
Operational Implementation
W100.48The Boeing Company
General Assessment:Airplane Performance, navigation infrastructure, Procedure Design Criteria, Topography Data Sources, ATC Local Flows, Weather, FAR & FAA Orders
Operational Requirement:Determine & assess how RNP operation overcomes limitations and provides benefits
RNP Implementation
Aircraft & Infrastructure:Nav integrity/availability e.g. PRAIM, A/C Systems & Equipage, capability, limitations
Continued AirworthinessDatabaseMaintenance TrainingDispatchMELValidation
Operational Approval
W100.50The Boeing Company
Summary
General Assessment:Airplane Performance, navigation infrastructure, Procedure Design Criteria, Topography Data Sources, ATC Local Flows, Weather, FAR & FAA Orders
Operational Requirement:Determine & assess how RNP operation overcomes limitations and provides benefits
Aircraft & Infrastructure:Nav integrity/availability e.g. PRAIM, A/C Systems & Equipage, capability, limitations
General Assessment:Airplane Performance, navigation infrastructure, Procedure Design Criteria, Topography Data Sources, ATC Local Flows, Weather, FAR & FAA Orders
Operational Requirement:Determine & assess how RNP operation overcomes limitations and provides benefits
Aircraft & Infrastructure:Nav integrity/availability e.g. PRAIM, A/C Systems & Equipage, capability, limitations