DAFTAR ISI - Unissularepository.unissula.ac.id/6000/7/Daftar Isi_1.pdf · xi DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 4.1. Proses seleksi sampel penelitian..... 31 Tabel 4.2. Karakteristik umum sampel

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DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL........................................................................................ i

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN.......................................................................... ii

SURAT PERNYATAAN................................................................................. iii

PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH ............. iv

PRAKATA....................................................................................................... v

DAFTAR ISI.................................................................................................... vii

DAFTAR TABEL............................................................................................ xi

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN.................................................................................... xii

DAFTAR SINGKATAN ................................................................................. xiii

INTISARI......................................................................................................... xiv

BAB I PENDAHULUAN........................................................................... 1

1.1 Latar Belakang.......................................................................... 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah .................................................................... 3

1.3 Tujuan....................................................................................... 3

1.3.1 Tujuan Umum............................................................... 3

1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus .............................................................. 3

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian.................................................................... 4

1.4.1 Manfaat teoritis............................................................. 4

1.4.2 Manfaat praktis ............................................................ 4

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA.................................................................. 5

2.1 Laringitis Kronik ...................................................................... 5

2.1.1 Definisi ......................................................................... 5

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2.1.2 Klasifikasi ..................................................................... 7

2.1.3 Faktor Resiko................................................................ 10

2.1.4 Patofisiologi.................................................................. 12

2.1.5 Terapi............................................................................ 13

2.2 Perilaku Merokok ..................................................................... 15

2.2.1 Definisi ......................................................................... 15

2.2.2 Komposisi Rokok ......................................................... 16

2.2.2.1 Karbon Monoksida (CO)................................ 16

2.2.2.2 Nikotin............................................................ 16

2.2.2.3 Tar................................................................... 17

2.2.2.4 HCN/ Asam Sianida ....................................... 17

2.2.2.5 Nitrous Oxide ................................................. 17

2.2.2.6 Fenol ............................................................... 17

2.2.2.7 Asetol.............................................................. 18

2.2.2.8 Asam Sulfida (H2S) ....................................... 18

2.2.2.9 Metanol........................................................... 18

2.2.2.10 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH).... 18

2.2.2.11 N-Nitrosamine ................................................ 19

2.3 Derajat Berat Merokok ............................................................. 19

2.4 Hubungan Perilaku Merokok Terhadap Kejadian Laringitis

Kronik....................................................................................... 19

2.5 Kerangka Teori ......................................................................... 22

2.6 Kerangka Konsep ..................................................................... 23

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2.7 Hipotesis ................................................................................... 23

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ................................................................ 24

3.1 Jenis Penelitian dan Rancangan Penelitian............................... 24

3.2 Variabel dan Definisi Operasional ........................................... 24

3.1.1 Variabel......................................................................... 24

3.1.2 Definisi Operasional ..................................................... 24

3.1.2.1 Derajat Merokok............................................. 24

3.1.2.2 Laringitis Kronik ............................................ 25

3.3 Populasi dan Sampel................................................................. 25

3.3.1 Populasi ........................................................................ 25

3.3.1.1 Populasi Target ............................................... 25

3.3.1.2 Populasi Terjangkau ....................................... 25

3.3.2 Sampel .......................................................................... 25

3.3.2.1 Kriteria Inklusi................................................ 25

3.3.2.2 Kriteria Eksklusi ............................................. 25

3.4 Instrumen Penelitian................................................................. 27

3.5 Cara Penelitian.......................................................................... 27

3.5.1 Perencanaan .................................................................. 27

3.5.2 Pengambilan Sampel .................................................... 27

3.5.3 Pengumpulan Data........................................................ 28

3.5.4 Pengolahan Data ........................................................... 28

3.6 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian .................................................. 29

3.6.1 Tempat Penelitian ......................................................... 29

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3.6.2 Waktu Penelitian........................................................... 29

3.7 Analisis Hasil............................................................................ 29

3.8 Alur penelitian .......................................................................... 30

BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ........................................................ 31

4.1 Hasil Penelitian......................................................................... 31

4.2 Pembahasan .............................................................................. 36

BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ....................................................... 39

5.1 Kesimpulan............................................................................... 39

5.2 Saran ......................................................................................... 39

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................... 40

LAMPIRAN..................................................................................................... 42

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 4.1. Proses seleksi sampel penelitian................................................... 31

Tabel 4.2. Karakteristik umum sampel penelitian berdasarkan kelompok

usia................................................................................................ 32

Tabel 4.3. Karakteristik umum sampel berdasarkan jenis kelamin ............... 32

Tabel 4.4. Karakteristik sampel berdasarkan jenis pekerjaan........................ 33

Tabel 4.5. Karakteristik sampel berdasarkan Indeks Brinkman .................... 33

Tabel 4. 6. Kejadian laringitis kronik ............................................................. 34

Tabel 4.7. Kejadian laringitis kronik berdasarkan karakteristik sampel

penelitian ...................................................................................... 34

Tabel 4.8. Kejadian laringitis kronik berdasarkan derajat merokok yang

diukur dengan indeks brinkman ................................................... 35

Tabel 4.9. Hasil uji fisher exact hubungan derajat merokok terhadap

kejadian laringitis kronik .............................................................. 36

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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1. Lembar Informasi Tertulis Kepada Responden........................ 42

Lampiran 2. Lembar Informed Consent ........................................................ 43

Lampiran 3. Surat Keterangan telah Melakukan Penelitian ........................ 44

Lampiran 4. Lembar Informasi Tertulis Kepada Responden........................ 45

Lampiran 5. Lembar Informed Consent ........................................................ 46

Lampiran 6. Kuesioner Penelitian Hubungan Derajat Merokok Terhadap

Kejadian Laringitis Kronik....................................................... 47

Lampiran 7. Data Penelitian.......................................................................... 49

Lampiran 8. Hasil Uji Statistik ..................................................................... 52

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DAFTAR SINGKATAN

CD : cluster differentiation

CI : confidence interval

DNA : deoxyribo nucleic acid

GERD : gastroesophageal reflux

LPR : Laryngopharyngeal Reflux

MHC : Major Histocompatability Complex

OR : odd ratio

PAH : Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

PMN : polimorfonuklear

PPA : fenilpropanolamin

RT/RW : rukun tetangga/rukun warga

VNA : Volatile N-Nitrosamina