D E V E L O P M E N T O F I N T E R N A T I O N A L R E L A T I O N S S T U D I E S ( I R : A C A D E M I C S U B J E C T )

DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS STUDIES(IR : ACADEMIC SUBJECT)

Two PerspectivesThe development of sciences

KARL POPPER THOMAS KHUN

Karl Popper :

Sciences developed through the test of falsification/criticism of error.

Natural selection/survival by the fittest. The false theory (that couldn’t explain

the fact) would not develop and unapplicable.

Analogy with the development of GIRAPH

Thomas Kuhn:

Development of sciencie as follows: Research begun from Random researh Results: Many findings/facts. Many

perspectives (aliran pemikiran). Only one dominant perspective The main perspective : Paradigm (Establish Paradigm) –normal science Anomaly New Paradigm

Paradigma :

Aliran pemikiran yang memiliki kesamaan asumsi dasar tentang suatu bidang studi termasuk kesepakatan tenatng kerangka konseptual, metode penelitian dan tehnik analisis

PARADIGM IN THE STUDY OF IR

1. Idealist.2. Realist.3. Behavioralist.4. TradisionalistOpen the pink book please

IDEALIST/Liberal Utopian

Consist the beginer (first generation) scientists of IRs Begun by the beliefness that Man is good, peace lover

& Managable. Relations among them are managalbe IRs = a group of states. States is a group of people

(man) thet is managable, then IRs are managable War is a part of relations, war can be managed, war

can be eliminated or at least can be diminish. HOW???

Disarmament! Int Law and Int’l Organisation (UN) Wodrow Wilson dll.

R E A L I S M Begun in 1930s Criticized that Idealist was normative and moralist. (In fact) Man is evil, bad, aggressive & unmanaged Homo Hommini lupus (Thomas Hobbes) IRs =struggle for power The cause of war : weakness state. Solution : maximize power How could stop the war ? :Balance of power. Morgenthau etc.

DEBATE OF METHODE

TRADISIONALIST VS BEHAVIORALIST

TRADITONALISM In the beginning development of SoIRs, scientists

mostly used The Qualitative Method . They believed that every single social fact is very

unique/special. (difficult to make generalization). Those facts (data) mostly secret and only one who

having certain capacity to uncover data, i.e. officials, former officials or any one that has experiences in conducting diplomatic relationships such as president, foreign minister or diplomats

The result was : SoIRs developed very slowly

BEHAVIORALISM In the 1950 Revolution of Behavioralism (RoB) (RoB) The application of exact method

(Quantitative) to analyze social phenomena and develop social sciences.

Why Quantitative method? It was invited and inspired Social Scientists to

apply the method. (exact method) IS IT POSSIBLE ??????

They believed that there are “ a pattern “ of social (and IRs) phenomena. (repeatedly). There is a possibility

Voting behavior

XI XIE, THANK YOU, MUCHAS GRACIAS,

TERIMAKASIH, MATUR NUWUN.