CULTURE-SPECIFIC ITEMS IN BAHASA INDONESIA TRANSLATION OF JOJO MOYES’ “Me Before You” THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirement of Degree of Sarjana Sastra Heidy Juliana Anggreni 392015008 FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS UNIVERSITAS KRISTEN SATYA WACANA SALATIGA 2019
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CULTURE-SPECIFIC ITEMS IN BAHASA INDONESIA TRANSLATION OF JOJO MOYES’ “Me Before You”
THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment
Of The Requirement of Degree of Sarjana Sastra
Heidy Juliana Anggreni
392015008
FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS
UNIVERSITAS KRISTEN SATYA WACANA
SALATIGA
2019
Copyright Statement
This thesis contains no such material as has been submitted for examination in any course or accepted for the fulfillment of any degree or diploma in any university. To the best of my knowledge and my belief, this contains no material previously published or written by any other person except where due reference is made in the text.
Copyright@2019. Heidy Juliana Anggreni and Deta Maria Sri Darta, M.Hum.
All rights reserved. No part of this thesis may be reproduced by any means without the permission of at least one of the copyright owners or the Faculty of Language and Arts, Satya Wacana Christian University, Salatiga.
Heidy Juliana Anggreni:
TABLE OF CONTENT
Cover i
Approval Page ii
Copyright Statement iii
Publication Agreement of Declaration iv
Table of Content v
Abstract 1
Key Words 1
Chapter I: Introduction 2
Chapter II: Literature Review 5
Chapter III: Research Methodology 10
Chapter IV: Discussion 11
A. CSI Found 11
B. Translation Strategy Used 13
Chapter V : Conclusion 19
Acknowledgement 20
References 21
ABSTRACT
Translation and culture are overlapping and cannot be separated. Some words which are related to a certain culture might be difficult to be translated into other language. Words that contain culture is called Culture-Specific Item (CSI) which is the widely known term among scholars. This research takes an object of a novel by Jojo Moyes entitled Me Before You which has been translated into Bahasa Indonesia as the Target Language (TL) and English as the Source Language (SL). To conduct this research, SL and TL books needs to be read then, find the CSI in the form of word and phrase. The CSI that are found which is 42 words then classified into Aixela’s categorization of CSI. This research use translation strategy by Davies to analyze the CSI that has been categorized with Aixela’s categorization. From the analysis, it is found that the translation strategy mainly used in TL are preservation and globalization.
Cricket Squash Concert Horse racing Lap dance Bungee jumping Backpacker Triathlon Windsurfing
3 Clothing items
Jumper Pullover Jeans Pyjama Tights Slacks
4 Employment terms
Telesales Home Energy Adviser Care assistant Personal trainer Specialist in wills and probate Magistrate
5 Housing terms Annexe
Table 2. Common Expressions
B. TRANSLATION STRATEGY USED
This is the second section of the discussion and it explains the translation strategies that
the translator used in translating the CSIs according to its category.
1) Proper Names
Sub-Category Source Language Target Language Strategy
Part of a person’s
name
There was no answer. ‘Will? Nathan?’ (pg.37)
Tidak ada jawaban. “Will? Nathan?” (pg.58)
Preservation
‘Which you? Lou? Treena?’ ‘Lou.’ (pg.13)
“Kau yang mana? Lou? Treena?” “Lou.” (pg.15)
Granddad was sitting in his chair by the kitchen window, studying a sudoku. (pg.13)
Granddad sedang duduk di dekat jendela dapur, mengamat-amati sebbuah Sudoku. (pg.16)
Table 3. Translation Strategy in Proper Names 1
In table above, the CSI words that are found is names of the characters which are
mentioned in the novel Me Before You. Translation strategy that the translator used is
preservation. Preservation is used because part of the names of the characters is very important
and cannot be translated, it holds a great significance in the novel.
Sub-Category Source Language Target Language Strategy
Groups & languages
‘But Dignitas? It’s just wrong. (pg.105)
“Tapi Dignitas? Ini tidak benar. (pg.178)
Preservation
I had always thought the fortnightly meetings of the Hailsbury Triathlon Terrors must be a publican’s worst nightmare. (pg.56)
Sejak dulu aku menganggap pertemuan dua mingguan para anggota Hailsbury Triathlon Terrors merupakan mimpi buruk paling parah bagi para pemilik pub. (pg.93)
Table 4. Translation Strategy in Proper Names 2
From the table above, there are two words that fall into a category of Proper Names and
sub-category of Group & languages. The first word ‘Dignitas’ is a Swiss self-determination,
autonomy and dignity group that advocates, educates and supports for improving care and
choice in life and at life’s end. In simpler definition, for people who are struggling with their
life, they can come there and make a choice to get help to live better or end their live. The
second word is Hailsburry Triathlon Terrors, it is Patrick’s community group that has an
interest to train and join triathlon in the novel. Translation strategy that the translator used is
preservation. For the word ‘Dignitas’, the translation used preservation because it is a well-
known group in the world, so it cannot be translated. For the other word, the translator used
preservation because it is a detail of Patrick’s community that sculpt and enhance Patrick’s
character in the novel and it cannot be translated.
Sub-Category Source Language Target Language Strategy
Awards, vehicles,
vehicle models, brand
names
A bus roars past, followed by a lorry whose brakes squeal, deafening him to Rupert’s words. (pg.10)
Sebuah bus melaju lewat, disusul truk yang remnya mendecit-decit sehingga dia tidak bisa mendengar ucapan Rupert. (pg.11)
Globalization ‘No problem. You want me to call a taxi for you?’ (pg.10)
“Baik. Anda mau kupanggilkan taksi?” (pg. 10)
‘Motorbike accident. Not mine. I was an innocent pedestrian.’ (pg.85)
“Kecelakaan sepeda motor. Bukan sepeda motorku. Aku cuma pejalan kaki yang tidak bersalah.” (pg.142)
The thought of loading Will and his chair into the adapted minivan and carting him safely to and from the next town filled me with utter terror. (pg.70)
Membayangkan mesti memasukkan Will dan kursi rodanya ke minivan yang sudah dipermak itu, lalu mengantarnya pulang-pergi dengan selamat ke kota tetangga, membuatku ngeri setengah mati. (pg.117)
Preservation
Table 5. Translation Strategy in Proper Names 3
In this sub-group, there are four different vehicles and it has different strategies to the
translation. From the table above, there are two translation strategies used to translate them.
For the word ‘lorry’, ‘motorbike’ and ‘taxi’ use the same translation strategy which is
globalization. The translator uses globalization because the result of the translation is a
neutral/general word, i.e. ‘lorry’ becomes ‘truk’; ‘motorbike’ becomes ‘sepeda motor’; ‘taxi’
becomes ‘taksi’. According to Merriam Webster Dictionary, ‘lorry’ is a motortruck. In English,
different types of vehicles have different names, but in Bahasa Indonesia the people usually
use the general word for the name of the vehicle, e.g. different types of truck in Bahasa
Indonesia is called ‘truk’. For ‘minivan’, the translator uses preservation because in TL, this
vehicle is also called ‘minivan’ so there are no changes in the word.
2) Common Expressions
Sub-Category Source Language Target Language Strategy
Food & drinks
‘I’ve made supper. I’m afraid it’s salad again.’ (pg.280)
“Aku sudah membuat makan malam. Sayangnya cuma salad lagi.” (pg.503)
Preservation
‘I went in for your bloody Scotch eggs! And there she was, wearing it! Bold as brass! And I don’t even like Scotch eggs!’ (pg.117)
“Aku masuk untuk mengambil Scotch egg sialanmu! Dan perempuan itu ada di sana, memakai T-shirt-mu! Tidak pakai malu-malu! Padahal aku sama sekali tidak suka Scotch egg!” (pg.200)
I thought briefly that I had preferred him when he worked in telesales and couldn’t pass a petrol station without stocking up on Mars Bars. (pg.59)
Selintas aku teringat bahwa aku lebih menyukainya sewaktu dia masih menjadi salesman telemarketing dan kalau lewat di depan pompa bensin dia selalu mampir untuk membeli cokelat. (pg.99) Globalization
He had a stomach ulcer from taking too many painkillers early on in his recovery, when he apparently popped them like Tic Tacs. (pg.97)
Dia mengalami tukak lambung karena terlalu banyak minum obat Pereda rasa sakit pada masa-masa awal pemulihan; rupanya waktu itu dia minum obat seperti makan permen saja. (pg.163)
Table 6. Translation Strategy in Common Expressions 1
In the table above, for the words ‘salad’ and ‘scotch eggs’, the translator uses
preservation as the translation strategy. For the other two, ‘Mars Bars’ and “Tic Tac” the
translator uses globalization. The translator uses preservation because the words has no
equivalent word in TL, so there are no changes in TL. For the last two words, the translator
uses globalization because ‘Mars’ and ‘Tic Tac’ is a brand of food that are not familiar in
Target Culture, so the translator translates it into a neutral/general word. By using
globalization, the meaning of the word is the same as in SL and it gives understanding for TL
readers, so it does not change the flow of the novel.
Sub-Category Source Language Target Language Strategy
Pursuits
‘Well, he must miss it. You could even buy him a lap dance.’ (pg. 132)
“Lho, dia pasti sangat menginginkannya. Malah kau bisa membayar lap dance untuknya.” (pg.227) Preservation
It was the picture of him bungee jumping. (pg.60)
Isinya foto Will sedang ber-bungee jumping. (pg.101)
He was the kind of man you might see watching cricket in a Panama hat, …. (pg.49)
Dia jenis pria yang mungkin akan kaulihat menonton kriket dengan memakai topi Panama, …. (pg.80) Globalization
‘Our outing. We’re taking Nathan to see the horse racing.’ (pg.139)
“Untuk kita jalan-jalan. Kita akan mengajak Nathan menonton pacuan kuda.” (pg.239)
Table 7. Translation Strategy in Common Expressions 2
In the table above, the translator use preservation as its translation strategy to translate
‘lap dance’ and ‘bungee jumping’. The translator uses preservation because there is no
equivalent word in TL, so the translator keeps the word in SL. For the other words, ‘cricket’
and ‘horse racing’ the translator uses globalization as its translation strategy. The translator
uses globalization for the word ‘cricket’ because in TL this specific sport does not exist and
not familiar, so the translator decides to translate it into a neutral/general word. However, for
the phrase ‘horse racing’, even though the translator also uses globalization, the translated word
is the correct translation in TL and it is a general word.
Sub-Category Source Language Target Language Strategy
Clothing items
I think they must have got in with Daddy’s plum pyjamas. (pg.14)
Ini pasti tercampur dengan piama ungu punya Daddy. (pg.17)
Globalization She was wearing white slacks and a medical-looking tunic and carried a coat and a folder under her arm. (pg.26)
Dia memakai celana panjang putih dan tunik seperti jas dokter, dan dia membawa mantel serta mengempit map. (pg.40)
Table 8. Translation Strategy in Common Expressions 3
In the table above, the translator uses globalization to translate ‘slacks’ and ‘pyjamas’.
According to Merriam Webster Dictionary, ‘slacks’ is trousers for casual wear, in English
different trousers has different names, but in Bahasa Indonesia different types of trousers only
has one name which is “celana panjang”. Therefore, the translator uses general word to
translate it, so is ‘pyjama’.
Sub-Category Source Language Target Language Strategy
Employment terms
‘So we’re really left with care assistant.’ (pg.21)
“Jadi, yang tersisa untuk kita hanya lowongan sebagai Asisten Perawat Pribadi.” (pg.30)
Globalization
I had been a magistrate for almost eleven years now. (pg.107)
Sekarang aku sudah hampir sebelas tahun menjadi hakim. (pg.181)
‘He’s a personal trainer.’ (pg.94)
“Dia pelatih pribadi.” (pg.158)
Michael Lawler, specialist in wills and probate, the same man who had spent an hour with Will. (pg.229)
Michael Lawler, spesialis surat wasiat dan surat pengesahan, orang yang sama dengan yang telah menghabiskan waktu satu jam bersama Will. (pg.408)
Table 9. Translation Strategy in Common Expressions 4
In the table above, the translator uses globalization as the translation strategy to
translate those word and phrases. The translator uses globalization because in TL, those words
are translated into the general / neutral word, so it gives a better understanding to the reader.
Sub-Category Source Language Target Language Strategy
Housing terms
The annexe’s living room was deceptively large, and one wall consisted entirely of glass doors that looked out over open countryside. (pg.37)
Ruang duduk di bangunan tambahan ini kelihatannya luas, satu dindingnya sepenuhnya berupa pintu-pintu kaca yang memberikan pemandangan ke alam terbuka di luar sana. (pg.58)
Globalization
Table 10. Translation Strategy in Common Expressions 5
There is only one word that is included as a CSI word in this sub-category and it is
shown in the table above. According to Merriam Webster Dictionary, “annexe” is a building
that is attached to or near a larger building and usually used as part of it. “Annexe” is a British
word, a more common word is ‘annex’, and has the same the meaning. The translator uses
globalization because the translator uses general/neutral word to translate it, though the
translated word is not common in Target Culture.
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION
Based on the analysis in the Chapter 4 Discussion, the translator follows a certain
pattern on what translation strategies used to translate CSI words. For the words that are foreign
to the Target Culture such as a term has globally used e.g. salad, minivan and bungee jumping,
the translator use preservation as the translation strategy. Aside from preservation, the
translator use globalization as the translation strategy of the terms that exist in the Target
Culture and transform it into a general or neutral world in TL, so it does not change the flow
of the novel and gives the readers a better understanding of the novel e.g. horse racing, Mars
Bars, Tic Tac and professions of the characters. Therefore, in the analysis of translation strategy
of CSI in the Jojo Moyes’ Me Before You has found two main translation strategies that used
in the novel are preservation and globalization.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This thesis is presented to English Literature Program, Faculty of Language and Arts,
Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana Salatiga as partial fulfillment of the requirement for strata
one degree. Therefore, the highest gratitude is being expressed to parties who have provided
support for the process of making this thesis project.
First of all, the deep gratitude goes first to Jesus Christ who gives His blessings, health,
abilities, opportunities, and guidance so this thesis can be accomplished.
The appreciation is also given to the thesis supervisor, Deta Maria Sri Darta, M.Hum,
who gave helps, patients, time, contributions, and guidance through the process. Also, thank
you to Wahyu Seno Aji, M.Hum, as the thesis reader, who gave suggestions and opinions on
this thesis.
This thesis is also dedicated to the beloved parents, Hariyanto Budi Raharjo and Henny
Naema Juliana Giri, and sister, Hanna Prillysca Chernovita, for their endless prayer, love, and
support all the time. Other people who would like to be expressed the sincere gratitude
particularly to:
1. Suzana Maria L.A.F, M.Hum., Dean of Faculty of Language and Arts,
Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana Salatiga.
2. Erio Rahadian Pamungkas FanggidaE, M.Hum., Head of English Literature
Program, Faculty of Language and Arts, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana
Salatiga for the spirit and kind words especially by saying “I believe in you”.
3. All English Literature lecturers, who have shared knowledge and guidance for
the past four years.
4. Jeriany Ivana W., Liliani Dewi, Gevonny Dinda, Riryn Cherryl, Diva Zerlinda,
Christy Louis, and Eunice Parhusip. My beloved best friends who have shared
love, support and prayers throughout college until this thesis accomplished.
Hopefully, this thesis will be useful for all people who read it.
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Nida, Eugene Albert, and Charles Russell Taber. The theory and practice of translation. Vol. 8. Brill, 2003.
Persson, Ulrika. "Culture-specific items: Translation procedures for a text about Australian and New Zealand children's literature." (2015).
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