8/18/2019 Culture of Chicago - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/culture-of-chicago-wikipedia-the-free-encyclopedia 1/14 4/7/2016 Culture of Chicago - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Chicago The Cloud Gate sculpture, in the Loop Location of Chicago in the United States Culture of Chicago From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The culture of Chicago, Illinois is known for the invention or significant advancement of several performing arts, including improvisational comedy, house music, blues, jazz, [1] and soul. [2] The city is known for its Chicago School and Prairie School architecture. It continues to cultivate a strong tradition of classical music, popular music, dance, and performing arts, rooted in Western civilization, as well as other traditions carried forward by its African- American, Asian-American, European American, Hispanic American, and Native American citizens. The city is additionally known for various popular culinary dishes, including deep-dish pizza, the Chicago- style hot dog and the Italian beef sandwich. Contents 1 Food and drink 1.1 Local specialties 1.2 Restaurant scene 1.3 Cr aft brewing 1.4 Distilled spirits 2 Music 3 Performing arts 4 Sports 5 Visual arts 6 Architecture 7 Literature 8 Public attractions 9 See also 10 References Food and drink Chicago lays claim to a large number of regional specialties that reflect the city's ethnic and working-class roots. Included among these are its nationally renowned deep-dish pizza; this style is said to have originated at Pizzeria Uno. The Chicago-style thin crust is also popular in the city. A number of well-known chefs hav had restaurants in Chicago, including Charlie Trotter, Rick Tramonto, Grant Achatz, and Rick Bayless.
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8/18/2019 Culture of Chicago - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
In 2003, Robb Report named Chicago the country's "most exceptional dining destination" and in 2008,
axim awarded Chicago the title of "Tastiest City."
Local specialties
The most popular Chicago-style foods are:
The Chicago-style hot dog, traditionally a steamed or boiled,
natural-casing all-beef wiener on a poppy-seed bun, toppedwith yellow mustard, chopped onion, sliced tomato, neon-green sweet-pickle relish, sport peppers, a dill-pickle spear,
and a sprinkling of celery salt—but never ketchup.[3][4]
Chicago-style pizza is deep-dish pizza with a tall outer crustand large amounts of cheese, with chunky tomato sauce on top
of the cheese instead of underneath it.[5][6] Similar to this isstuffed pizza, with even more cheese, topped with a second,
thinner crust.[7] Thin-crust pizza is also very popular in
Chicago.[7]
The Italian beef, a sandwich featuring thinly sliced roast beef simmered in a broth (known locally as"gravy") containing Italian-style seasonings and served on an Italian roll soaked in the meat juices.Most beef stands offer a "cheesy beef" option, which is typically the addition of a slice of provoloneor mozzarella. A "combo" is a beef sandwich with the addition of grilled Italian sausage. Italian beef
sandwiches are traditionally topped with sweet peppers or spicy giardiniera.[8][9]
Other Chicago-style dishes include:
Chicken Vesuvio, an Italian-American dish made from chicken on the bone and wedges of potato,celery, and carrots; sauteed with garlic, oregano, white wine, and olive oil, then baked until the
chicken's skin becomes crisp.[10][11]
Shrimp DeJonghe, a casserole of whole peeled shrimp blanketed in soft, garlicky, sherry-laced bread
crumbs.[12][13]
Maxwell Street Polish, named after Maxwell Street where it was first sold. It's a Polish sausage made
with beef and pork, and with garlic and other spices, served on a bun with grilled onions. [14][15]
A francheezie is a variation of the Chicago-style hot dog. The hot dog is wrapped in bacon and deep-
fried, and either stuffed or topped with cheese.[16][17]
The jibarito is a specialty sandwich that originated in the heart of Chicago's Puerto Rican communityInvented by Borinquen Restaurant in the Humboldt Park neighborhood, a jibarito is made with meator chicken, and condiments, placed between two pieces of fried and flattened plantain instead of
bread.[18][19]
The mother-in-law is a tamale on a hot dog bun, topped with chili.[19][20]
Chicago also has its own unique style of tamale, machine-extruded from cornmeal and wrapped in
paper, and typically sold at hot dog stands.[21]
Gyros is popular in Chicago. While some restaurants still make their own gyros cones, Chicago is the
hometown of mass-produced gyros.[22]
A pizza puff is a deep-fried dough pocket filled with cheese, tomato sauce, and other pizza ingredientsuch as sausage. Indigenous to Chicago, pizza puffs can be found at some hot dog
restaurants.[23][24][25]
A pepper and egg sandwich combines scrambled eggs and grilled bell peppers, served on French
rea . r g na y ea en ur ng en y a an mm gran s n cago, now can e oun n some
casual dining restaurants.[26][27][28]
Less well known are:
The more provincial South Side specialties such as the Big Baby, a style of double cheeseburger withgrilled onions and the condiments, traditionally located underneath the burger patties, which
originated at Nicky's The Real McCoy on 58th and Kedzie in the Gage Park neighborhood.[29]
The breaded-steak sandwich, a specialty particularly found in the Bridgeport neighborhood, whichconsists of a flattened inexpensive cut of beef that has been breaded, fried Milanesa-style and servedon an Italian bread roll with marinara sauce, topped with optional mozzarella cheese and/or green
peppers.[30]
Aquarium-smoked barbecue, particularly rib tips and hot links.[31]
Atomic cake, featuring banana, yellow, and chocolate cake layers alternating with banana, strawberry
and fudge fillings.[32]
Chicago mix popcorn, which consists of caramel corn and cheese-flavored popcorn mixed
together.[33]
Restaurant scene
Chicago features many restaurants that highlight the city's various ethnic neighborhoods, including
Chinatown on the South Side, Greektown on Halsted Street, and Little Italy on Taylor Street and the Heart
of Italy. The Indo-Pak community along Devon Avenue hosts many Pakistani and Indian eateries. The
predominantly Mexican neighborhoods of Pilsen and Little Village are home to numerous eateries ranging
from small taquerías to full scale restaurants. Several restaurants featuring Middle Eastern fare can be found
along Lawrence Avenue, while Polish cuisine is well represented along Milwaukee Avenue on the
Northwest side and Archer Avenue on the Southwest side. A large concentration of Vietnamese restaurants
can be found in the Argyle Street district in Uptown.[34]
Chicago has its own local fried-chicken chain, Harold's Chicken Shack. The city is also home to many fried
shrimp shacks.[35][36][37]
Along with ethnic fare and fast food, Chicago is home to many steakhouses, as well as a number of upscale
dining establishments serving a wide array of cuisine. Some notable destinations include Frontera Grill, a
gourmet Mexican restaurant owned by chef and Mexico: One Plate at a Time host, Rick Bayless; Graham
Elliot's eponymous restaurant, Graham Elliot ; Jean Joho's Everest, a new-French restaurant located on the
top floor of the Chicago Stock Exchange building downtown, and Tru from chefs Rick Tramonto and Gale
Gand.
Chicago has become known for its ventures in molecular gastronomy, with chefs Grant Achatz of Alinea,[3
Homaro Cantu of Moto,[39] and Michael Carlson of Schwa.
Taste of Chicago is a large annual food festival held in early July in Grant Park in downtown Chicago. It
features booths from dozens of Chicago-area restaurants, as well as live music.[40]
C cago as a ong rew ng story t at ates ac to t e ear y ays o t e c ty. W e ts era o mass-
scale commercial breweries largely came to an end with Prohibition, the city today boasts a number of
microbreweries and brewpubs. Included among these are large regional brewers, such as Goose Island and
Lagunitas, as well as more localized craft brewers like Argus, Half Acre, Metropolitan, Off Color,
Pipeworks and Revolution Brewing.[42][43]
Annual events include Chicago Craft Beer Week,[44] the Festival of Barrel-Aged Beers (known as
FOBAB),[45] the Chicago Beer Festival,[46] and the Chicago Beer Classic (formerly called the American
Beer Classic).[47]
Distilled spirits
Jeppson's Malört is a brand of bäsk, a Swedish-style liqueur flavored with wormwood. Known for its bitter
taste, it can be found in some Chicago-area taverns and liquor stores, but is seldom seen elsewhere in the
country. The Carl Jeppson Company was founded in Chicago in the 1930s and is still based there, but the
beverage is now distilled in Florida.[48]
Koval, Chicago's first distillery to operate within city limits since Prohibition, began operation in 2008.Located in the Andersonville neighborhood on the city's North Side, Koval offers a wide range of spirits an
was featured on the Chicago ("World's Greenest Beer") episode during the second season of the Esquire
Network show Brew Dogs in 2014.[49]
Music
Chicago has made many significant pop-cultural contributions in the field of music: Chicago blues, Chicag
soul, Jazz, Gospel, indie rock, hip hop, industrial music, and punk rock. The city is also the birthplace of th
House style of music, whose history is related to the development and fostering of the Techno style of musi
in Detroit, Michigan.
Chicago artists have played an influential role in the R&B–soul genre. Popular R&B artists to hail from
Chicago include R. Kelly, Curtis Mayfield, The Impressions, Jerry Butler, The Chi-Lites, Ahmad Jamal,
Dave Hollister, Jennifer Hudson, Baby Huey, and Carl Thomas.
Prominent figures from Chicago blues include Muddy Waters, Howlin' Wolf, Willie Dixon, Elmore James,
Sonny Boy Williamson, Syl Johnson, Junior Wells, Bo Diddley, Albert King, Koko Taylor, Magic Slim,
Luther Allison, Lonnie Brooks, and Buddy Guy.
Jazz musicians based in Chicago have included Jelly Roll Morton, Bix Beiderbecke, Benny Goodman, SunRa, Von Freeman, and Dinah Washington. The city is the home of the Association for the Advancement of
Creative Musicians, a group of musical artists who helped pioneer avant-garde jazz.
The hip hop scene in Chicago is also very influential, with major artists including Kanye West, Chance the
was the Chicago Transit Authority. The band's name was shortened to
Chicago after the CTA threatened to sue them for unauthorized use of the
original trademark. Popular 1980s band Survivor is from Chicago.
Many mainstream rock bands hail from Chicago or were made famous there.
Among these are The Blues Brothers, the aforementioned Chicago, Styx,
Cheap Trick, REO Speedwagon, Survivor, the Butterfield Blues Band, and
the Siegel–Schwall Band.
Chicago has also been home to a thriving folk music scene, particularly in
the 1960s and 1970s. John Prine, Steve Goodman and Bonnie Koloc were
the most prominent folk singer–songwriters of that time.
In the late 1970s, local band The Shoes arguably started indie rock with a
power pop album recorded in their living room. 1980s and 1990s alternative
bands Local H, Eleventh Dream Day, Ministry, Veruca Salt, My Life With
the Thrill Kill Kult, Material Issue, Liz Phair, Urge Overkill, and The Smashing Pumpkins hail from
Chicago. Contemporary rock bands The Lawrence Arms, Soil, Kill Hannah and Wilco are also Chicago-
based. The 2000s have seen local artists Disturbed, Alkaline Trio, The Academy Is, Rise Against, TheAudition, Spitalfield, Chevelle, the Plain White T's, Kanye West, Lupe Fiasco, and Fall Out Boy also attain
success in the U.S.
Chicago has become known for indie rockers following in the paths of the Smashing Pumpkins, Urge
Overkill, Wilco, and The Jesus Lizard; bands like The Sea and Cake, Califone, OK Go, Andrew Bird and
Umphrey's McGee hail from the city. Tim and Mike Kinsella, hailing from Chicago, fronted several semina
90s emo bands: Cap'n Jazz, American Football, Owen, Joan of Arc, and Owls. Matthew and Eleanor
Friedberger of The Fiery Furnaces, who now reside in Brooklyn, New York are originally from Oak Park,
Illinois, a suburb of Chicago. Chicago is also home to many independent labels like Thrill Jockey, Drag
City, and others, and to the popular music-news website Pitchfork Media.
A handful of punk rock bands are based in Chicago. Some of the more famous punk rock products of the
city are Naked Raygun, The Effigies, Big Black and Shellac (featuring Steve Albini), The Squids (featuring
LaTour), and Screeching Weasel. Many of these punk and indie bands got their start at noted alternative
music venues Metro (originally Cabaret Metro), Lounge Ax, and The Fireside Bowl.
Chicago is also known for being the "birthplace of American Industrial Music", as many bands got their
start in Chicago. The city was also home of the now-defunct Wax Trax! Records record label which once
had KMFDM, Ministry, Front 242, PIG, Front Line Assembly, My Life With the Thrill Kill Kult, Coil, and
more on its roster.
The Chicago Symphony Orchestra is one of the nation's oldest and most respected orchestras. It is well
regarded throughout the world through tours in both Asia and Europe and also through a large number of
recordings widely available. Perhaps because of Chicago's historically large German-American population,
the CSO is particularly well known for its performances of pieces by German composers.
Chicago also has a thriving and youthful contemporary classical scene. Major venues for new music includ
concerts by the International Contemporary Ensemble, Ensemble Dal Niente, Third Coast Percussion,
Fulcrum Point and the CSO's MusicNOW series. Composers of note include Augusta Read Thomas, Lee
H la Marcos Balter Kirsten Brober Hans Thomalla Ja Alan Yim and Shulamit Ran.
presents operas in Lithuanian. It celebrated fifty years of existence in 2006, and operates as a not-for-profit
organization. It is noteworthy for performing the rarely staged Rossini's William Tell (1986) and Ponchielli'
I Lituani (1981, 1983 and 1991), and also for contributing experienced chorus singers to the Lyric Opera of
Chicago.[53] The opera Jūratė and Kastytis by Kazimieras Viktoras Banaitis was presented in Chicago,
Illinois in 1996.[54]
The Joffrey Ballet makes its home in Chicago. Other ballet, modern and jazz dance troupes that are located
in the city include Hubbard Street Dance Chicago, River North Chicago Dance Company, Gus GiordanoJazz Dance Chicago, Chicago Dance Crash, Thodos Dance Chicago, Chicago Festival Ballet and The Joel
Hall Dancers.
The city's Uptown neighborhood is reported to be the birthplace of Slam Poetry, a style of spoken word
poetry that incorporates elements of hip hop culture, drama, jazz and lyricism.
Sports
Chicago is one of 13 metropolitan areas that have major league baseball, football, basketball, and hockey
teams. In three of these metropolitan areas the teams from all four sports play their games within the limitsof one city — Chicago, Philadelphia, and Denver. Four of the metropolitan areas have two baseball teams
— Chicago, New York City, Los Angeles, and the San Francisco Bay Area.
The Chicago White Sox of the American League, who won the World Series in 2005, play at U.S. Cellular
Field, located on the city's South Side in the Bridgeport neighborhood.
The Chicago Cubs of the National League play at Wrigley Field,
which is located in the North Side neighborhood of Lakeview. The
area of Lakeview near the stadium is commonly referred to as
"Wrigleyville."
The Chicago Bears of the
National Football League
play at Soldier Field.
Chicago is the largest city to
have an NFL stadium. The
Bears have won nine
American Football
championships (eight NFL Championships and Super Bowl XX)
trailing only the Green Bay Packers, who have thirteen.
The Chicago Bulls of the National Basketball Association are one of
the world's most recognized basketball teams, thanks to their
enormous success during the Michael Jordan era, when they won six
NBA titles in the 1990s. The Bulls play at the United Center on Chicago's Near West side.
The Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League also play at the United Center. The Hawks are an
Original Six franchise, founded in 1926, and have won six Stanley Cups, including 2010, 2013, and 2015.
The Chicago Fire, members of Major League Soccer, won one league and four US Open Cups since 1997.
not be derivative, to not follow the status quo", 59 and arts pioneers such as
Stanislav Szukalski who were tied to the "Chicago Renaissance" helped to
fashion the city into a nexus for new trends in art. [60]
Chicago has long had a strong tradition of figurative surrealism, as in the
works of Ivan Albright and Ed Paschke. In 1968 and 1969, members of the
Chicago Imagists, such as Roger Brown, Leon Golub, Robert Lostutter, Jim
Nutt, and Barbara Rossi produced bizarre representational paintings. Today
Robert Guinan paints gritty realistic portraits of Chicago people which are popular in Paris, although he is little known in Chicago itself.
These same impulses also appeared in Chicago's lively street photography
scene, gaining notoriety through artists centered around the Institute of
Design such as Harry Callahan, Aaron Siskind, Leon Lewandowski as well
as in the work of nanny-savant Vivian Maier. Bob Thall's beautiful, bleak photographs of Chicago-area
architecture have also won much acclaim.[61]
Chicago has a Percent for Art program of public artworks, although it is notoriously more opaque and
secretive than that of most other cities; arts activist such as Paul Klein and attorney Scott Hodes have longcriticized its lack of public accountability.[62]
Chicago is home to a number of large, outdoor works by well-known artists. These include the Chicago
Picasso, Miró's Chicago, Flamingo and Flying Dragon by Alexander Calder, Monument with Standing
Beast by Jean Dubuffet, Batcolumn by Claes Oldenburg, Cloud Gate by Anish Kapoor, Crown Fountain by
Jaume Plensa, Man Enters the Cosmos by Henry Moore, and the Four Seasons mosaic by Marc Chagall.
Architecture
The central part of Chicago was largely destroyed by the Chicago Fire in 1871. Almost all the buildings
currently standing in the city's downtown area were built after that, one exception being the Chicago Water
Tower.
Around the turn of the twentieth century, Chicago was a key location in the development of the skyscraper.
This movement was spearheaded by architects promoting the Chicago School design philosophy, including
Louis Sullivan and others. Notable tall buildings and skyscrapers built before the mid-1930s include the
Rookery Building, the Auditorium Building, the Chicago Cultural Center, the Monadnock Building, the
Reliance Building, the Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building, the Marquette Building, the Chicago
Building, the Wrigley Building, Tribune Tower, the Carbide & Carbon Building, and the Chicago Board of
Trade Building.
In the 1940s, a modernist Second Chicago School of architecture emerged from the work of Ludwig Mies
van der Rohe. Buildings that he designed include 860–880 Lake Shore Drive, Crown Hall, and 330 North
Wabash.
The tallest buildings in Chicago are Willis Tower, Trump Tower, the Aon Center, the John Hancock Center
and the Franklin Center. Willis Tower was originally named Sears Tower, and was the tallest building in the
world from 1973 to 1998. It is now the second-tallest building in the United States, after One World Trade
Center, though the height to the roof of Willis Tower is greater than that of
7. Ali, Tanveer; Ludwig, Howard (January 13, 2015). "A Guide to Chicago Pizza: From Deep-Dish to Tavern-Styleand Beyond" (http://www.dnainfo.com/chicago/20150113/chicago/guide-chicago-pizza-from-deep-dish-tavern-
style-beyond), DNAinfo. Retrieved November 1, 2015.
8. Pang, Kevin (December 6, 2015). "Hunting the Best Italian Beef in Chicago"
(http://www.chicagotribune.com/dining/chi-chicago-italian-beef-hunt-20140714-story.html), Chicago Tribune.
Retrieved November 1, 2015.
9. Dolinsky Steve (March 10, 2015). "The 31 Essential Italian Beef Joints in Chicago(land)"
14. Eng, Monica; Leroux, Charles (October 1, 2004). "The Original Maxwell Street Market"
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15. Zeldes, Leah A. (October 22, 2008). "Help for the Kielbasa Conundrum"
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29. Engler, Peter (January 28, 2005). "The Burger That Ate Chicago"
(http://www.timeout.com/chicago/restaurants/the-burger-that-ate-chicago), Time Out Chicago. Retrieved
November 1, 2015.
30. Berg, Ted (March 3, 2015). "Chicago Has the Best Sandwich in the World and Most People Don't Even Know
It". USA Today. Retrieved January 19, 2016.31. Zeldes, Leah A. (2008). "Smoke 'Em If You Got 'Em". Dining Chicago. Archived from the original on May 27,
2012. Retrieved November 1, 2015. "On the West and South sides, barbecue joints tend to be strictly take-out
places, and the style is typically smokier and chewier, cooked in aquarium smokers. (Developed in the 1950s an
unique to Chicago, these rectangular cookers with transparent doors get their name from their resemblance to fis
tanks.)"
32. Chu, Louisa (June 12, 2013). "Chicago Food and Drink Destinations: The Intangible Cultural Heritage List"
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50. Sawyer, R Keith (September 30, 2002). Improvised Dialogue. Ablex/Greenwood. p. 14. ISBN 1-56750-677-1.
51. Burghart, Tara (January 16, 2007). "Study Outlines Chicago Theater Impact", San Francisco Chronicle.
52. "About the Lithuanian Opera Company, Inc. in Chicago". Lithuanian Opera Co. Retrieved 2006-09-14.53. Marsh, Robert C. (2006-07-10). "Author's Preface". In Pellegrini, Norman (ed.). 150 Years of Opera in Chicago
DeKalb, Illinois: Northern Illinois University Press. xii. ISBN 0-87580-353-9.
54. "Posters by Ada Sutkus for the Lithuanian Opera Company of Chicago". Lituanus.org. Retrieved 2011-05-30.
55. Doster, Adam (August 9, 2012). "Gloves Off: The History and Uncertain Future of the Second City's Mutant
Strain of Softball" (http://theclassical.org/articles/gloves-off), The Classical. Retrieved January 14, 2016.
56. Raye-Stout, Cheryl (October 9, 2012). "What Is the Deal with Chicago's Ginormous 16-inch Softballs?"
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64. Centerstage Media, LLC. "19th Century - Chicago City Life in Chicago, Illinois". Centerstagechicago.com.