Define Source System Source System is the system from where data is extracted and stored in data warehouse. Following are the steps to Define a Source System in SAP BW 1) Execute transaction RSA1 2) Select Source System as shown below and right click to create 3) Select Source System Type as shown below. In this example, we are creating a source system for a flat file. Using this, we can load a .csv file to an infocube Similarly, a SAP R/3 or SAP BW system can be defined as source system. Server id, system id, background user, clients are some of the information required to define SAP source system. 4) Enter a name and description for source system 5) Source system is created as shown
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Define Source System Source System is the system from where data is extracted and stored in data warehouse.
Following are the steps to Define a Source System in SAP BW
1) Execute transaction RSA12) Select Source System as shown below and right click to create
3) Select Source System Type as shown below. In this example, we are creating a source system for a flat file. Using this, we can load a .csv file to an infocube
Similarly, a SAP R/3 or SAP BW system can be defined as source system. Server id, system id, background user, clients are some of the information required to define SAP source system.
Create Data Source in SAP Data Sources are extraction structure. Data Sources are used to extract data from various source system.
In the below steps, we will see how to create a data source using a SAP table VBAK.1) Execute transaction RSO2
2) Enter data source name to be created
3) Press Create
4) Enter description of the data source
5) Enter the name of table or view on which data source has to be created. Data Source can also be created using a View, Info set or a Function Module.
14) Additional button 'Display list' will appear, press button
15) Select one of the data packet and double click to get records fetched
16) Data Source is ready to be used!
Replicate Data Sources Once the data source is created in source system, this has to be replicated into data warehouse. This way data source will be available for BW to extract data.
1) Execute transaction RSA12) Select Source System3) Right click the source system where data source was created earlier
5) Status will appear at bottom-left with replication status as shown
6) Once replication is done, a status message will appear
Customize SAP R/3 for SAP BW
SAP R/3 (OLTP) system needs to be customized so that data can be extracted in SAP BW. To extract data, one needs to activate the standard business content. For each application (e.g. SD, MM, etc.), there are data sources for extracting Master and Transactional data.
1) Log on to SAP R/3 system2) Execute transaction SBIW3) Go to 'Business Content DataSources'4) Click 'Transfer Application Component Hierarchy'
5) In the confirm prompt: 'Do you want content application Transfer Component Hierarchy', press 'Yes'6) Confirmation message will appear realted to transfer component hierarchy7) Repeat step 2 & 3, click 'Business Content DataSources'
Data Sources are extraction structure. They have list of fields. They are classified as Master Data Sources and Transactional Data Sources. Master data sources are divided in Attributes, Texts and Hierarchies.8) Select the SAP Application Component, mark the data source and select Activate Data Source
Naming Convention in SAP BW SAP BW has a naming convention related to its objects.
SAP BW prefixes /BIO/ to the names of Business Content database objects. It prefixes /BIC/ to the database objects created by users.
If a user creates characteristics type info object ZPRODUCT and activates it, information will be stored in following:
Data element: /BIC/IOZPRODUCTSID table: /BIC/SZPRODUCTMaster data table: /BIC/PZPRODUCTText table: /BIC/TZPRODUCTView: /BIC/MZPRODUCT
When an info cube ZSALES is created and activated, information will be stored in following:
View Fact table: /BIC/VZSALESFTransparent Fact table: /BIC/FZSALESDimension tables: /BIC/DZSALES1 to /BIC/DZSALESN where N being no. of dimensions/BIC/DZSALESP, /BIC/DZSALEST, /BICDZALESU for Data Packet, Unit & Time (maximum 16 dimensions possible, 3 reserved for P, T & U)
If a hierarchy is used in an info object ZDATE, following tables will be created:
Following are most commonly used SAP BW Transactions
1) SBIW: Data Transfer to SAP BW2) RSA1: Admin Workbench Modelling3) RSZV: Maintain Variable for BEx Analyser4) RSSM: BW Authorization5) RSO2: Maintain Generic Data Sources6) RSA7: BW Delta Queue Maintenance7) RSA3: Data Extractor Check8) RSA5: Installation of Data Sources from Business Content9) LISTCUBE: To display content of Info Providers10) RSCUSTA: Set User ID for Source System Communication11) RSKC: Permitted Characters12) SNUM: Number ranges for Transfer Structure13) SM62: Define Event14) RSMO: Evaluation of Requests
General SAP Transactions:
1) SE11: ABAP Dictionary (Create, Change, Display Table, View, Data Elements, etc.)2) SE16: Data Browser for Table and View3) SU01: User Maintenance4) PFCG: Role Maintenance5) SPRO: Customizing6) SE80: Object Navigator7) SE93: To check transaction codes available8) STMS: Transport Management9) SE09: Transport Organiser
Customize SAP BW for SAP R/3 SAP BW system needs to be customized for SAP R/3 so that data can be smoothly extracted in SAP BW. Transfer of global setting, exchange rates, replication of data sources are common setting need to be done while setting up SAP BW system.
1) Create User ID for Source System Communicationa) Execute transaction SU01b) Create user ID RFCUSER, type SYSTEM with profile S_BI-WHM_RFC and S_BI-WX_RFC
2) Set User ID for Source System Communicationa) Transaction RSCUSTAb) Set “BW User ALE” as RFCUSER
3) R/3 Source Systema) Transaction RSA1b) Go to Source Systems and Create source system for R/3 and Replicate DataSources
4) Copying Global Settings from R/3a) Right-click R/3 Source System and choose Transfer Global settings
5) Copying Exchange Rates from R/3a) Right-click R/3 Source System and choose Transfer Exchange rates
6) Flat file Source Systema) Transaction RSA1b) Go to Source Systems and Create source system for Flat file
7) BW Source Systema) Transaction RSA1b) Go to Source Systems and Create source system for BW and Replicate DataSources
11) Activate BEx Historya) Transaction SPROb) Go to SAP NetWeaver -> SAP Business Information Warehouse -> Reporting-relevant Settings -> General Reporting Settings in Business Explorer -> Activate Personalization in BEx)c) Choose option “Activate BEx History” and Execute
12) Number ranges for Transfer Structurea) Transaction SNUMb) Enter object name “BI_TS” and Click on “Number Ranges”c) Choose “Change Intervals”d) Add new interval “01” (Not 1), from number “0000000001” to number “9999999999” Save and exit
13) Object Changeability Transaction RSA1a) Go to Transport Connection) Click on button “Object Changeability”b) Set the following objects as “Changeable Original”• ISIP – InfoPackage• RSPC – Process Chain• RSPT – Process Chain Starter• RSPV – Process Variants
Open Hub Service using SAP BW 3.5 Open Hub Service functionality in SAP BW is mainly used with InfoSpoke. InfoSpoke is an object for exporting data. InfoSpoke is defined using a data source (from which data is extracted), extraction mode and destination (where data will be stored).
In this section, we will see, how data is extracted from SAP BW InfoCube to a .csv file on a desktop.
5) Go to 'Destination' tab, enter short description. In this example, we will be exporting data in a .csv file, select the 'File' and chose 'Directory'
6) Go to 'InfoObjects' tab, select the InfoObjects you would like to have in your exported file
13) Data is exported as the monitor status is green
14) Check the exported file at desktop
Running a Query (BEx) for Data Extraction Data Warehouse is setup based on reporting requirements of business users. Hence, Reporting is a crucial functionality of any data warehousing solution.
SAP BW provides easy to use graphical functionality named Business Explorer (BEx) to create and execute queries to retrieve data from InfoProviders e.g. InfoCubes, Operational Data Store etc..
Business Users can directly execute the pre-defined queries whenever they want to get the information available in business warehouse.
We will see how to execute a already defined BEx query in this section.
6) Based on query definition, a selection window will appear (if defined), press execute button
7) System will display status bar for the query. Display report will look like this.
Operational Data Store (ODS) using SAP BW 3.5 ODS consists of 'Key fields' and 'Data fields'. Data fields can also contain characteristics e.g. customer, product etc..
ODS is not used for multi-dimensional analysis like Infocube. The data from ODS can be updated with delta update into a Infocube. The data in ODS is stored in a transparent table. There is no fact or dimensional table created for ODS.
Following are the steps to create an ODS:
1) Execute transaction RSA1, select the InfoArea under which you would like to create ODS. Right click the InfoArea, select 'Create ODS Object'
2) Enter ODS Object 'Name' and 'Description', press 'Create'
3) Check the box against 'BEx Reporting' to enable ODS for BEx reporting, press 'InfoObject Catalog' button to get the InfoObjects which you would like to add to ODS
4) Select the characteristics (InfoObjects) which you would like to add as 'Key fields' or 'Data fields', drag and drop the InfoObjects in respective folders as shown below.
1b) In the next screen, give a technical name to Info Area with Description
2) Create an Info Object Catalog for Characteristics and Key Figures
2a) In the above image, at the left hand side, press 'Info Objects'2b) Locate the Info Area created in step 3 and right click2c) Select 'Create Info Object Catalog'
2d) In the next screen, give a name to Info Object Catalog and select 'Char.' and press create2e) Activate the Info Object Catalog for characteristics created in step 2d)2f) Create another Info Object Catalog for key figure by selecting 'Key Figure'
3) Create Info Objects as Characteristics and Key Figures3a) Select the Info Object Catalog for Characteristics and right click3b) Select Create Info Object, name the Info Object and select the data type3c) Activate the Info Object
4) Create an Info Cube4a) Select 'Info Provider' in the left hand section, locate the Info Area and right click to create Info Cube
4b) Give a name and description to the Info Cube and select as Basic Cube4c) Select the Info Objects as Characteristics by clicking the transfer button and press 'Dimensions' to define dimension
4g) Select the required Key Figures and activate the cube
In the following section we will be discussing following:
5) Create Info Source6) Assign Info Source to Data Source7) Define Communication Structure and Transfer Rules8) Define Update Rules9) Define Info Pack10) Load data and check data in Info Cube
Infocube Creation Step 2 using SAP BI 7.0 Infocube uses concept of star schema. Infocube is created using Characteristics and Key Figures.
Characteristics are levels on which reporting has to be performed. For example, Product, Customer and Plant.
Key Figures are measures used for characteristics. For example, sales quantity for a product, customer and location combination.
In this section, we will see how to create InfoCube using SAP BI 7.0.
The InfoCube creation process is some what different and is similar to ODS creation process of SAP BW 3.5. Navigation is also different as screens opens with-in RSA1.
10) Select the InfoArea and right click, select 'Create InfoCube'
11) Enter name and description of the InfoCube and press 'Create'
12) The screen is very different from SAP BW 3.5, the screen is similar to ODS creation screen in SAP BW 3.5. There are folders available for Dimensions, Navigation Attributes and Key Figures
Right click 'Dimension 1' to assign a characteristics to Dimension 1
In the next section, we will see how to create Data Transfer Process and load data in InfoCube
Infocube Creation Step 4 using SAP BI 7.0 In this section, we will see how to define Data Transfer Process and load data in InfoCube using SAP BI 7.0. Data Transfer Process makes the transfer processes in the data warehousing layer more transparent.
28) Now define, Data Transfer Process as shown
29) Enter the source of DTP
30) Activate the DTP after maintaing the required settings
Process Chain Creation using SAP BW 3.5 Process chains are used extensively in SAP Business Warehousing for executing loads, running reports etc. sequentially or parallel.
There can be number of steps with in a process chain. You can also decide what has to be done incase a particular step fails. In case of failure you can decide to sent notification email to concern person who can correct the issue.
In this section we will see how to create a process chain using SAP BW 3.5. Using this process chain we will load data in Infocube.
1) Execute transaction RSPC
2) Press 'Create', enter 'Name' and 'Description' of the process chain, press 'Continue'