Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design Report DEMOLITION OF EXISTING STRUCTURES AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF A SERIES OF RESIDENTIAL FLAT BUILDINGS CONTAINING A TOTAL OF 229 APARTMENTS AT 166 GUNTAWONG ROAD, ROUSE HILL Prepared by: Think Planners Document Date: 30 October 2017 Council: Blacktown City Council Consent Authority: Greater Sydney Commission
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The site itself can be best described as a large rectangular shaped land parcel with afrontageof65.9mtoGuntawongRoad,andanaveragelotdepthofapproximately307.15m,resulting in a total site areaof 20234.5m2. It is noted that someof the site area is tobededicatedforfutureroadswhichwillreducethesite’sdevelopableareato13150.6m2whenexcludingfutureroadsandtheeasementonthesite.
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Theconstructionoftheplannednewroadnetworksthroughthesitewillresultinthesitehavingmultiplefrontagesatthecompletionoftheroadnetworks.ThesiteiszonedR3MediumDensityResidentialunderStateEnvironmentalPlanningPolicy(Sydney Region Growth Centre) 2006. 'Residential Flat Buildings’ are permissible withconsentwithintheR3Zone.The broader area is in transition from a rural setting to a residential setting (of variousdensities)and theembodimentofCPTEDprinciples in thedesignofalldevelopmentswillcontributetothesafetransitionofcharacterandthesafefunctioningoftheprecinct.Theproposalexhibitsurbandesignandbuiltformfeaturesthatarerecognisedasimprovingthesafetyofresidentsandvisitorsandassistinginpreventingcrime.This includes measures reflective of the key CPTED principles including: territorial re-enforcement, surveillance, access control and space/activity management. These arediscussedindetailatSection4ofthisreport.Given theearlydesign stagesofdevelopment fulldetail cannotbeprovidedonallCPTEDmatters as they will be subject to detailed design stages in the Construction Certificateprocessand suitable recommendedconditions can reinforce themattersdiscussed in thisreportandothermattersconsideredrelevantbytheNSWPolice.
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2. Site&LocalityDescriptionNorthWestGrowthCentre
The subject site is located within the North West Growth Centre, which is a significantrelease area that straddles three (3) local government areas (The Hills, Blacktown andHawkesbury).TheNorthWestGrowthCentre,alongwiththeSouthWestGrowthCentreareearmarked as being key regions of Sydney tomeet the future housing needs of Sydney’sgrowingpopulationforthenext20years.TheNorthWestGrowthCentre,which is10,000Ha in size, comprises16Precinctsand istargetedtodeliver70,000newdwellingsacrossthenexttwo(2)decades.TheprecinctsthatcomprisetheGrowthCentreareillustratedbelowbyFigure1,includingthelocationofthesubjectsite.
Figure1:NorthWestGrowthCentreMapExtract
SubjectSite
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RiverstoneEastPrecinct
The Riverstone East Precinct is one of the 16 Precincts that comprise the North WestGrowthCentre.ThePrecinctisboundedbySchofieldsRoadtothesouth,WindsorRoadtothenortheastandFirstPointsCreektothewestandcancurrentlybedescribedasasemi-ruralresidentialareawithagriculturalactivitiesbeingundertaken,amongstothers.LocatedwithintheBlacktownLocalGovernmentArea,thePrecincthasatotalareaof656HaandStage1and2hasthecapacitytoaccommodate3,500newdwellings.ThekeyfeaturesoftheRiverstoneEastPrecinctare:
Figure 2 is an extract of an indicative layout plan associated with the Riverstone EastPrecinct,notingthesubjectsiteiswithincloseproximitytothefuturerailwaystation.
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Figure2:RiverstoneEastIndicativeLayoutPlanExtract
SubjectSite
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SubjectSite
The subject site is legally identified as Lot 49 in DP 30186, but commonly known as 166Guntawong Road, Rouse Hill. The site itself can be best described as a large rectangularshapedlandparcelwithafrontageof65.9mtoGuntawongRoad,andanaveragelotdepthof approximately 307.15m, resulting in a total site area of 20234.5m2. It is noted that apercentageofthesiteareaistobededicatedforfutureroads,aswellastheeasementarea,whichwill reduce the site’s total area to 13150.6m2. In addition, an electricity easementruns through the site which also affects the useable portion of the site on whichdevelopmentcanoccur.Residingwithin theRiverstoneEast Precinct, the sitebounds large comparable semi-rurallots to itsnorth,east southandwesternboundaries.Currentlya residentialdwelling,andassociatedstructuresarelocatedonthesite.Thisisillustratedbyaerialmapbelow.
It is noted that 3616.5m2 of the site area is to be dedicated for future roads,whichwillreduce the site’s total area to 16,618m2 when including the easement area. Theconstruction of the planned new road networks will result in the site having multiplefrontagesatthecompletionoftheroadnetworks.
2006)Theexistingdwellingandassociatedstructuresare ina reasonablecondition;however, issignificantlyunderutilisingthesitesfulldevelopmentpotentialgiventheR3MediumDensityZoning that permits higher density residential developments such as residential flatbuildings.Thesubjectsiteislocatedwithinasemi-ruralarea,characterisedbyresidentialdwellingsonlarge lots, as illustrated by an aerial map overleaf. The locality has been earmarked toaccommodatesignificantfuturepopulationgrowthbyvirtueof itsR3zoningwhichpermitbuildingsofupto12mandthereforethecharacteroftheareaisexpectedtoundergoashiftincharacterfromsemi-ruraltohigherdensities.
SubjectSite
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The site is alsowithin a short driving distance of Cudgegong Train Station and a plannedcommercialcentre,botharewhicharecurrentlyunderconstruction.
ThePlanforGrowingSydneysupportshigherresidentialdevelopmentinstrategiclocationstoaccommodatefuturepopulationgrowth,andSEPP(GrowthCentres)2006haszonedthesubject site as R3 Medium Density Residential, which permits higher density residentialdevelopment.Thesiteisidealforfutureurbanintensificationasitislocatedwithinwalkingdistance to future planned commercial centres and public transportation includingCudgegong Train Station and near key arterial roads such as Cudgegong Road, SchofieldsRoad andWindsor Road. Furthermore, the site, which is located within the North-WestGrowthCentre is toplayavaluable role inachieving thevisionenvisioned for thesubjectarea by the State Government in provide future accommodation for Sydney’s growingpopulation.Abroaderaerialmapextractillustratesthesiteinitsbroadercontext,notingitsproximitytoan established commercial centre (Rouse Hill Town) and newly established and growingsuburbsofThePondsandKellyvilleRidge.
Notwithstanding the transformation of the urban character of the site, and the broaderarea,contemplatedintheplanningcontrols,areviewofcrimeandsafetyissuesidentifiedinthe Blacktown LGA, derived from the NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research(BOCSAR),providesarelevantbaselineofdata.It is important to point out that the crime figures discussed in this section of the reportrelatetothosecrimesthathavebeenrecordedbyBOCSARi.e.RecordedIncidents(RI),notnecessarilyallcrimescommittedintheBlacktownLGA.Levelsofcrimearesensitivetothewillingnessorabilityofpeopletoreportcrime,levelsandnatureofpoliceactivityandactuallevelsofcriminalactivity.In addition, it is pointed out that crime data must be interpreted with caution as manyfactors may influence apparent trends. Police “crackdowns”, for example, on particulartypesofoffencesmaypushuprecordedcrimerates for thosecategoriesofoffences.Theincrease in figures therefore does not necessarily translate to an increase in that type ofcrime,butratheranincreaseinconvictionsforthattypeofcrime.The table below shows crime trendswithin the Blacktown LGAbetween January 2014 toDecember 2015. These figures are not broken down to the suburb level. They show thatmostrecordedcrimeswerestablewithbreakandenterdwellingandbreakandenternon-dwellingfalling12.9%and23.6%respectively.CrimeStatisticsTable1:CrimeTrendsintheBlacktownLGA
5. CrimePreventionThroughEnvironmentalDesign(CPTED)CPTED is the term thatencompasses thephilosophical theoryandpractical applicationofdesign practices for buildings and places that seek to prevent crime. A building or placedesignedwithCPTEDprinciplesinmindachieves–
- deterring crime by increasing the perception and chance of crime being detected,witnessed,challengedorcriminalscaptured;
Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED) is a crime preventionstrategy that focuses on the planning, design and structure of cities andneighbourhoods. It reduces opportunities for crime by using design and placemanagementprinciplesthatreducethelikelihoodofessentialcrimeingredients(law,offender,victimortarget,opportunity)fromintersectingintimeandspace.Predatory offenders often make cost-benefit assessment of potential victims andlocationsbeforecommittingcrime.CPTEDaimstocreatethereality(orperception)that the costs of committing crime are greater than the likely benefits. This isachievedbycreatingenvironmentalandsocialconditionsthat:
- Maximise risk tooffenders (increasing the likelihoodof detection, challengeandapprehension);
- Maximise the effort required to commit crime (increasing the time, energyandresourcesrequiredtocommitcrime);
- Minimise excuse making opportunities (removing conditions thatencourage/facilitaterationalisationofinappropriatebehaviour).
CPTEDemploysfourkeystrategies.Theseareterritorialre-enforcement,surveillance,access control and space/activitymanagement. All CPTED strategies aim to createtheperceptionorrealityofcapableguardianship.
The four key strategies havebeenapplied to thedevelopmentproposal and analysis andcommentaryisprovidedinbelow.
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Surveillance
Crime can be reduced by providing opportunities for effective surveillance. In areaswithhigh levels of natural and passive surveillance offenders are deterred from committing acrime.Naturalandpassivesurveillanceinrelationtotheproposalneedstobeunderstoodatthemacro/sitelevelandtheindividualoccupantlevel.Macro/SiteLevelThe scale of the subject site and the proposed development results in the need for theintroduction of a series of frontages to public places (streets and open space) and thecreationof internalisedprivateopen spaceandmovement spaces. The followingpassivesurveillanceattributesaredemonstratedintheproposal:- The site is broken down by roads and through site links, introducing a number of
publicly accessible components and places. The public spaces lead to consistentsurveillanceopportunities24hoursaday,7daysaweek.
- Sight lines from thepublic spaces (roads andpathways) are generally to theexternalouteredgesoftheproposedbuildings,lobbyspacesanddrivewayentrances.Thesitelinesareclearandarenotoverlycomplicatedorblockedbylandscaping.
- Landscaping provides for designation of spaces without creating “blind” spots orconcealmentareas.
IndividualOccupantLevelTheproposalcreatesaseriesofcommunalopenspacesinaprivatesettinguniquetoeachbuildinggroup.Theproposalischaracterisedbyaseriesofprivatelobbiesthroughoutthebuilding that create individual address and sense of ownership. The following passivesurveillanceattributesaredemonstrated:- A series of entry and exit points to the buildings with living areas and balconies
designed to overlook the various street frontages as well as the internal communalopenspacearea;
- Landscaping does not result in “blind” spots or areas for hiding with the proposedlandscapeplantingsdesigntoenableclearsightlinestoentrypointstothebuilding.
- The apartments are orientated toward the street and communal areas and providenumerousopportunities forpassivesurveillanceofpublicspacestoactasadeterrentforcriminalactivity;
- Concealment opportunities are limited and appropriate lighting will be provided topubliclyaccessibleareas;and
- Theseriesofindividualentrypointstothebuildingassistincreatingownershipofeachspaceand improved recognitionand familiaritywith fellow residentspeculiar toeachlobby. Accordingly, it ismore likely thatnon residents are likely tobe identifiedandsubjecttoadditionalsurveillance.
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Accesscontrol
Theuseofphysical and symbolicbarriers to attract, channelor restrict themovementofpeople assists inminimising opportunities for crime and increases the effort required tocommitacrime.Inthisregardtheproposalprovides:- Enclosedprivatecourtyardsontheground levelassist inclearly identifyingpublicand
Placesthatarewellmaintainedanddesignedareoftenmoreregularlyvisitedandendowedwith a sense of community ownership. Accordingly, well used spaces reduce crimeopportunities.Inthisregardtheproposalprovides:- Highqualitylandscapedprivateopenspacetoencourageitsusebyresidents;- Fosteringofownershipofopenspaceareasgivenallocationtounits;- Delineating between public and private areas through the use of landscaping and
Wellmaintained and cared for spaces discourage crime as they tend to bemore activelyusedandunwelcomepersonsarereadilyidentified.Inthisregardtheproposalprovides:- For the establishment of a body corporate responsible for space management
strategies includeactivity coordination, site cleanliness, rapid repairof vandalismandgraffiti,theplacementoflightingandthemaintenanceofcommonareasandfurniture.
Havingregard to thedesignof theproposal; its inter-relationshipwith thepublicdomain;anditsprovisionofsecureprivatisedandcommunalspacesitisnotedthatthedesignofthedevelopmentproposalincorporatesCPTEDmeasuresanddemonstrablyimprovesthesafetyof residents, while at the same time diminishing opportunities for crime. The safer bydesigntheoryhasbeenappropriatelyappliedatthedesignstage,ensuringtheproposalwillnot necessitate retro fitting post construction, which tends to be more costly and lesseffective.BradDelapierrePlanningThinkPlannersPtyLtdBachelorofUrbanandRegionalPlanningCPTEDCourseParticipant
1.1 The street number must beclearlyvisiblefromthestreet.
1.2 The street number must bevisibleatnight.
1.3 Unit block identificationsignage must be visible fromthestreetfrontage.
Legible street numbersare capable of beingprovidedontheeastandwestelevationofeachofthe buildings and it isrequested thatconditions of consentreinforcethis.Giventheleveloflightingin this area providedfrom the future streetlighting (contained infuture roads) additionallightingisnotrequiredtobe provided, oralternatively decorativebollard style lightingcould be provided toindicate the entrypathwaysafterdark.
2. SIGNAGE 2.1 There must be directionalsignage locatedat theentry tothe estate/complex clearlyindicating location of estatemangersoffice,buildingnamesandunitnumbers.
2.2 There must be warning signsdisplayed.
2.3 The warning signs must beappropriate.
2.4 Amapmustbedisplayedofthecomplex.
Adirectoryandamapoftherespectiveunitblockswill be provided withineach of the foyer areasofthebuildingsaffixedtotheinternalwalladjacentthe entries. This willassist with wayfindingetc. A condition isrequestedtobeimposedrequiring a detailed planofthistobesubmittedatthe constructioncertificatestage.
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CPTEDMEASURES RECOMMENDATIONS COMPLY*
YES anddescription
IFNO,PLEASEPROVIDEJUSTIFICATION
Given the nature of theproposal andnoting thatthe site only containsresidential units amanager’s office is notintended to be providedonsite.
3. BUILDINGDESIGN 3.1 The orientation of buildingsmust allow for easy naturalsurveillance between thestreet, neighbouring propertyandthebuildings.
3.2 The floors, walls and ceilingsmustbeofsolidconstruction.
3.3 Theremust be adequate stepstaken to ensure that personscannotutilisethedesignofthepremises to climb structuresfromtheoutside.
3.4 Have entry/exit points to theestate and/ or buildings beenlimited?Ifyespleasecomment.
The orientation of thebuilding on the sitemaximises passivesurveillanceopportunitiesofallstreetfrontages and the newinternalroadsthataretoboundthesite.The floors and ceiling aswellasexternalwallswillbeofsolidconstruction.
The design of thebuilding minimisesclimbableopportunities.One pedestrian entry toeachresidentialcoreandlimited vehicular entriesareprovidedtothelargebasement areas toreducenumbers.Aswipecardsystemwillbeutilisedinconjunctionwith an intercom systemto appropriately controlaccesstothebuilding.
3.6 Alcoves or recesses must bemonitoredbyCCTV.
Foyer and letter boxareas can be covered byCCTV.
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CPTEDMEASURES RECOMMENDATIONS COMPLY*
YES anddescription
IFNO,PLEASEPROVIDEJUSTIFICATION
3.7 Garbage bays must be lockedtorestrictunauthorisedentry.
3.8 There must be a ‘RapidRemoval’policyforgraffiti.
3.9 Theremustbegraffiti resistantmaterials utilised in the designof the building. For examplepainted on masonry gardenwalls,fencing.
The garbage bay islocated on the groundfloorof thecomplexandis lockable and onlyaccessed by authorisedpersons.It is envisioned that acondition ofdevelopment consentwillrequirethis.Theretainingwallstotheentranceofthedrivewayand the ground floorbalustrades and externalwalls will be coated in apermeant graffitiresistant coating such asDuluxDurethaneClear.
4. FENCES ANDGATES
4.1 There must be perimeterfences erected around theproperty.
4.7 Iftheestatecomplexisagatedcomplex local Ambulance, FireBrigade and Police must havekeys/swipecardsetcforaccessinanemergency.
Given the siteincorporates a series ofstreet frontages noboundary fences areproposed on theperimeter- only lowheight 1.2m high fencesfor symbolic accesscontrol. The areasleading to the internalcommon areas are likelyto be fenced (1.8m) toavoid unauthorisedaccess to these areasafterhours.
Allgateswillbesecured.N/A
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CPTEDMEASURES RECOMMENDATIONS COMPLY*
YES anddescription
IFNO,PLEASEPROVIDEJUSTIFICATION
5. LANDSCAPING 5.1 People must be able to seeyourunit/premisesclearlyfromthestreet.
5.2 Landscaping must be regularlymaintained.
5.3 No person should be able toconceal themselves behindvegetationorgardens.
As illustrated on thelandscaped plan andarchitectural plans lowlevel landscaping as wellas trees are provided inthe front setback. Thisvegetationminimisestheopportunities forentrapment points andprovides clear viewsfrom the street to thecentrally locatedpedestrianentrypoint.The future bodycorporatewillensurethemaintenance oflandscapingonthesite.
6. SECURITYLIGHTING
6.1 Security lighting must beinstalled.
6.2 Security lighting must beoperating.
6.3 Theentryandexitpointsmustbeadequatelylit.
6.4 Lighting must be positioned ina way to reduce opportunitiesforvandalism?
6.5 The lighting must be sufficientto support images obtainedfromCCTVfootage.
Given the residentialnature of the proposalsecurity lighting is notproposedtobe installed.Appropriate downlighting will be providedon the entry path andwithin the ground levelfoyer.Lightingwillbecontainedin lobby areas and willprovidesufficientlightingto enable CCTVrecording.
6.6 Light switches for all lightsmust be located in a secureareawithinthepremises.
6.7 Theremustbelighttimers.
Light switches forcommon areas willoperate on sensors andbe provided within alockedcabinet.
hh
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CPTEDMEASURES RECOMMENDATIONS COMPLY*
YES anddescription
IFNO,PLEASEPROVIDEJUSTIFICATION
7. POWER BOARD &LETTERBOX
7.1 The power board must beenclosedinacabinetorroom.
7.2 The cabinet or room must befittedwitha lock setapprovedbythelocalauthority.
7.3 The cabinet or room must bekeptlocked?
7.4 The letter box must be fittedwith an appropriate lock setandkeptlocked.
This is a strongly recommendedmethod on how to secure the letterboxsysteminaunitcomplex
7.5 Theletterboxcollectionfacilitymust be enclosed in the foyerwindow of the property thathasstreetfrontage.
The power boardwill belocated in the securebasement. It will belocated in accordancewith Endeavour Energy’srequirements. Details ofthiswillbe illustratedonplanssubmittedwiththeconstruction certificateand it is envisioned thatCouncil’s conditions ofconsentwilladdressthis.Given feedback fromNSW Police on otherprojects in thevicinityofthis site it is intendedthat, subject to serviceauthority agreement(Auspost) that mailboxfacilitieswillbebuiltintothe front glass sectionsof a lockable unit foyer.This allows residentswith controlled accessintotheir foyertoaccesstheir lockable mail boxfacility to prevent mailtheft.
8. GARAGE 8.1 Thegaragemustbelockable.
8.2 The garage ‘tilta’ door musthaveaboltlockinstalled.
8.3 The garage facility must havefloor to ceiling wall. Forexample, strong mesh ormasonrywalls.
8.4 The garage ceiling and wallsmustbepaintedwhite.
Access to the basementis to be secured with aroller door operable viatheintercomsystem.The aisles within thebasement will be lightconcrete to offset theneed for painting whiteas sufficient reflectivitywillbemaintained..
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CPTEDMEASURES RECOMMENDATIONS COMPLY*
YES anddescription
IFNO,PLEASEPROVIDEJUSTIFICATION
8.5 The contents inside thegaragefacilitymust not be able to bevisiblefromtheoutside.
8.6 Thegarage facilitiesmusthaveCCTVcoverage.
8.7 The garage facility area mustbe restricted to non-residentsbywayofsecuritygates.
Separate storage areasareprovided.A CCTV camera willmonitor access to thegarbagefacility.Access to the basementcarparkwillviaasecuredrollershutter.
9. BALCONY 9.1 The balconymust be designedso as not to act as a naturalladder.
9.2 The balcony must beadequately designed so as nottoallowhandandfootholdstopotential offenders trying toscale up the outside of thebuilding.
9.3 The railings must be designedso that foot or hand gripscannotbeusedbyoffenders.
9.4 The balcony must have asensor light to automaticallyactivate when motion isdetected.
9.5 Sliding doors and windowsadjacent to balconies must bere-enforced with adequatelocks etc. to restrictunauthorisedaccess.
Thelowerlevelbalconieshavebeendesignedsoasnot to act as a naturalladder.ThemajorityofBalconiesare not adjoined toprovide access to anadjoiningunit.Provided
Given that the balconieshave been designed tonot be climbable sensorlightsarenotwarranted.All sliding doors areprovided with locks toprovide an appropriatelevelofsecurity.
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CPTEDMEASURES RECOMMENDATIONS COMPLY*
YES anddescription
IFNO,PLEASEPROVIDEJUSTIFICATION
10. DOORS AND FIREEXITS
10.1 Theexternaldoorsmustbeofsolidconstruction.
10.2 The door frames must be ofsolidconstruction.
10.3 Thedoorsmustbefittedwithquality lock sets to restrictaccesswhennotinuse.
10.4 The locks must be in goodworkingorder.
10.5 A peep hole (door viewer)mustbeinstalled.
10.6 Keys must be removed fromlocks when house isunoccupied.
10.7 An Australian standardsecurity/screendoormustbeinstalledonalldoors.
10.8 Sliding doors must be fittedwithasuitablelocksets.
10.9 Entry/exit points must beclearlyidentified.
10.10 All fire exit doors must beself-closing.
10.11 Fire exit doorsmust be usedappropriately.
10.12 All exit doors must be freefrom obstructions and/orrubbish.
10.13 All high risk doors must belockedatalltimes?
ProvidedProvidedProvidedProvidedProvidedEncouragedProvidedProvidedClearly definedpedestrian entry pointsare provided to thedevelopment.ProvidedEncouragedEncouragedProvided
10.14 Allexternaldoorhingesmustbe mounted so they cannotberemoved.
To be illustrated on theconstruction certificateplans
11. WINDOWS 11.1 Allexternalwindowsmustbesolidlyconstructed.
11.2 All windows must be fittedwithqualitylocksets.
11.3 All unusedwindowsmust be
Provided
Provided
Encouraged
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CPTEDMEASURES RECOMMENDATIONS COMPLY*
YES anddescription
IFNO,PLEASEPROVIDEJUSTIFICATION
permanently closed &secured.
11.4 Windowsmustbe able tobelocked in a partially openposition. For example with aboltlock.
11.5 Skylights must be suitablysecured.
11.6 Keys must be removed fromlocks when no persons arehome.
To be illustrated on theconstruction certificateplansNotapplicableEncouraged
12. CARPARK 12.1 There must be security carparkingfacilitiesavailable.
12.2 Residents must have anindividual secured garage.spaces.
12.3 The access to residential carpark must be restricted toresidentsonly.
12.4 Access and control must berestrictedtoresidentsonlybykeypad,swipecardorremotesystem.
12.5 ‘Park Smarter’ signage mustbe displayedwithin this areato warn motorists to securetheirvehicleandproperty.
12.6 CCTV system must beinstalled and monitor insidethecarparkfacility.
ProvidedNotprovidedgivenopenbasement design whichis appropriate givensecure access tobasement.Visitors will also be ableto access the basement,although access will befacilitatedbyresidentsofthecomplex.Access to the basementwill be via a remotesystem.To be illustrated on theconstruction certificateplansA CCTV system thatprovides surveillance ofthe ground floor foyer,lift, the mailboxes andbasementcarparkwillbeprovided. This will bestored in a lockedcommunal cabinetaccessedvia thebuildingmanager.
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CPTEDMEASURES RECOMMENDATIONS COMPLY*
YES anddescription
IFNO,PLEASEPROVIDEJUSTIFICATION
12.7 All residents must besupplied with additionalstoragefacilitiessothatitemsare not left in areas wherethey can be seen or easilyremoved.
12.8 Thecarparkmustbewelllit.
12.9 The ceiling of the car parkmustbepaintedwhite.
12.10 The car park entry must berestricted by a security rollershutter.
12.11 Access to the security rollershutter must have accesscontrol measures such asswipe card, key pad orremotesystem.
12.12 Bicycle racks must bepositioned in visible areasfromthestreet.