Creativity in Management
Oct 17, 2014
Creativity in Management
Creativity in management
Tudor Rickards (2007)
Creativity quiz
• (1) How would you define creativity• (2) Can you name a theory which explains
creativity• (3) What proportion of people would you
say are creative?• (4) What has madness, mystery, and
magic to do with creativity• (5) Name an industry famed for its creative
discoveries for over a century
Creativity quiz
• (6) Where does creativity fit into Tuckman’s model of team development?
• (7) How was Tuckman’s model modified to explain creative teams at work?
• (8) Which industries are growing the most rapidly in the 21st century?
• (9) Whose work helps explain intrinsic motivation?
• 10 Whose work helps explain creative clusters?
Creativity has been allied to ..
• Madness• Mystery• Muses• Magic
Definitions of creativity
• Discovery processes leading to new and unexpectedly valuable ideas
• ‘Looking where all have looked, and seeing what no one has seen’
Creativity invades all walks of life
Creativity in management
Person Process
Place(or ‘Press’)
Product
Theories of creativity
• Insight theories • Self-actualization • Transcendence • Cognitive reframing• Darwinism• Information processing• Problem-solving• Experiential learning
Insight theories: Scientific discoveries
• Preparation (Knowledge, experience)• Incubation (‘Gestation’) • Insight (large or small)• Validation (Design and testing actions)
Intal and Dr RogerAltunyian
Self-actualization theories
• Creativity is an important concept within humanistic psychology
• Carl Rogers has had particular impact (Maslow also important)
• Rogers considered each individual to have a potential for creative achievement that could be developed through a nurturing environment
Information processing and systems theories
• Theories are based on complex patterns achieved (‘created’) with simple underpinning rules
• Information theories are used to study and explain creativity in many animal species
Theories of creativity overlap
TranscendenceInsight
Problemsolving
Systemstheories
Creativity: The big questions
• How can I become more creative?• How can my team become more creative?• How can my organization become more creative?• How can my society or culture become more creative?
The Creative Individual
• The elitist view: Special and gifted people are born creative (The gifted and talented school)
• The developmental view: Everyone has the potential to fulfil their creative abilities (Carl Rogers)
Creativity in business
• Creative leadership• Creative strategy• Design, discovery and
innovation• Problem-solving• Organizational
change and transformation
• Entrepreneurship
The creative team
• Teamwork is increasingly seen as the organizational structure for focusing and targeting collective creativity
Team development: Tuckman’s model
Form
Storm
Norm
Perform
Unanswered questions of Tuckman’s model
• What if a team never escapes from the ‘storm’ stage?
• What if team performs beyond the norm (beyond targets and expectations?)
• Where does creativity come into teamwork?
Answering the questions
• Researchers at MBS have studied a modification to Tuckman’s stage model
• It proposes two barriers to creativity which teams must overcome
• Only a minority of teams do so
The Two-barrier model of team development (MBS)
Form
Storm
Unexpectedly good (creative) performance
Performance barrier
Behavioral barrier
Norm and Perform
The Creative Team
• Recently the idea of distributed leadership suggests that a team may collectively act as a ‘superleader’ (Manz & Sims)
The creative organization
• Creative industries, and their organizations have increased in importance
• They are fast-growing economically• They include architecture; arts & antiques: Design,
Performing Arts, Electronic games and media
The creative organization: Toyota
The creative organization: Haier
The creative organization: WordPress
• WordPress is a good example of an entrepreneurial and creative organization …supplying an easy-to-use service for bloggers
• Its growth supports ‘infection’ theories of creativity
The creative organization: Ideo
• IDEO created Apple's first mouse; Microsoft's second mouse, and the Palm V PDA. Other major clients include Procter & Gamble, PepsiCo, and Eli Lilly
The creative culture
• Culture has always developed around creative hotspots of artistic and scientific discovery
• Athens, London, Cambridge(s), Silicon Valley, ‘Madchester’ ..
The creative climate and Intrinsic motivation
• Teresa Amabile proposed a theory of intrinsic motivation.
• A creative climate allows intrinsic motivation to flourish. • ‘The play’s the thing’ (contrary to economic theories).
The Creative Culture
• ‘A key driving factor in the divergence or flow of human capital is … the openness of a given location. The more open a place is, the more it will be able to capture the talents of its own people and to attract those from elsewhere.’ (Richard Florida)
Creative Clusters*
*Source: Richard Florida
Creative Clusters
And finally
• When all else fails ..
• there must be other ways..
• there might be better ways
To go more deeply• Journals• Creativity Research Journal• http://www.questia.com/library/jp-creativity-research-• Creativity and Innovation Management
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0963-1690&site=1
• Journal of Creative Behavior http://www.creativeeducationfoundation.org/jcb.shtml
• On Line reference sources http://leaderswedeserve.wordpress.com/ explores creativity and creative leadership
• http://www.buffalostate.edu/creativity/pucciogj.xml?username=pucciogj (‘The international center for studies in creativity’)