CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 1 November 14-15, 2009, Cornwall Fest @ UCL A In Pursuit of CP Violation, and more
Dec 22, 2015
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 1
November 14-15, 2009, Cornwall Fest @ UCLA
In Pursuit of CP Violation, and more
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 2
I. Intro: Why are we here?
II. The B Factories, the KM Nobel — and the Shortfall
III. NTUHEP and its Exploits
IV. A Prediction of sinsin22BBss a priori — from AAKK
V. A Eureka Moment : Heavenly CPV !?
VI. In Pursuit of CP Violation, and more
Outline
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 3
I. Intro:
Merging of Exp & TH
Why are we here?Why are we here?
CPV & BAU: The Sakharov View
Bang
Us
13Byr
• Baryon Number V iolation• CP Violation
• Deviation from Equilibrium
PairAnnihilation
( CMB ’s )
1010-9-9 MatterMatter leftleft !!
Equal Matter -Antimatter
(1967)
Why
are
we
here
?
DiscoveryDiscovery of CP Violation Phys. Rev. Lett. 13, 138 (1964)
! Sakharov for .... Small Too :102 3
Sakharov Stimulated by ...
1980 Nobel
CP Asymmetry needs both CP Conserv/Violating Phase
Particle Anti
Particle
CP Violation Primer
QM
i
i
CPVCPV
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 8
Complex Dynamics: KM Sector of Complex Dynamics: KM Sector of SMSM
Unitary3x3 “Rotation”
0 ***tbtdcbcdubud VVVVVV
Need to be Nontrivial for CPVCPV
► ►
dj
ui
WW –Jgg VVijij
WW
Wolfenstein parametrization
3 Generations Needed
1973
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 9
II. The B Factories, the KM Nobel, and the Shortfall
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 10
The Two B Factories
Mt. Tsukuba
PEP-II
KEKB
BelleBaBar
Differ only in PIDDIRC vs Aerogel Cherenkov + ToF
Tag Flavor
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 11
Purpose of B Factory
Measure sin2 via TCPV in B → J/KS
How did this allcome about ?
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 12
CP conserv.
A: Decay Amplitude
M12 : Mixing Amplitude
A
M12 Ā
CPV in Mixing-Decay Interference
T-dep. CPV Primer
B0B0 B0 B0 Oscillations: ei m tM12
CPV in Mixing-Decay Interference
BB
BB
Interference of Two Types of Phases
CPV V*2
td
“Double Slit”
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 13
CP Asymmetry needs both CP Conserv/Violating Phase
Particle Process Anti Particle Process
CP Violation Primer
22 = = mm tt
22 = = argarg VVtdtd
TCPV:
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 14
A = C for BaBar: Mass Difference00 B-B
: CP Eigenvalue of final state f
: state at time t from at t = 0
:
1
CPV Phase in Mixing
Measure
Time-dependent CPV (TCPV) Asymmetry
DCPV
Carter-Sanda; Bigi-Sanda 1980-81
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 16
The Two B Factories
Mt. Tsukuba
PEP-II
KEKB
BelleBaBar
Differ only in PIDDIRC vs Aerogel Cherenkov + ToF
Tag Flavor
Asymmetric Energy !
P. Oddone, 1987P. Oddone, 1987
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 17
One B Decay Tag Flavor
Other B Decay CP Eigenstate
Measure Both Decay Vertex
J/KS, ’ KSKS KS 2001 !
Belle
B decays in ~ picosecond
The $1B Question: Mixing-dep. CPV in B → J/KS
z t
B0 or B0
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 18
b d transitions consistent with SM
β
0 ***tbtdcbcdubud VVVVVV
KM Phase Confirmed by Experiment ~ 2001
Area ≠ 0
1964
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 19
"for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous brokensymmetry in subatomic physics"
"for the discoverdiscovery of the originorigin of the broken symmetry which predictpredicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature"
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2008
Photo: Universtity of Chicago Photo: KEK Photo: Kyoto University
Yoichiro Nambu Makoto Kobayashi Toshihide Maskawa
1/2 of the prize 1/4 of the prize 1/4 of the prize
USA Japan Japan
Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Tsukuba, Japan
Kyoto Sangyo University; Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan
b. 1921(in Tokyo, Japan)
b. 1944 b. 1940
CP Violationin SM
7 October 2008
B Factories(BaBar & Belle)
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 20
CPVCPV so far only observed in KM ...
• Nontrivial CPV Phase
Nontrivial • All like-charge quark pairs nondegenerate,
Otherwise Back to 2-gen. and CPV vanish.
Jarlskog Invariant (1985) for CPVCPV
0 ***tbtdcbcdubud VVVVVV
CPViff
J ≠
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 21
2010 KM ~
B.A.U. from CPVCPV in KM in KM ? The Lore.
Normalize by T ~ 100 GeVMasses too Small !
103.02.0 10)1.5(
n
nB
WMAP0
nnB
Jarlskog Invariant in SM3 (need 3 generation in KM)
103~ A is common (unique) area of trianglein SM
CPV Phase
Small, but not Too small
Too Small in SMToo Small in SM
EW Phase Transition TemperatureEW Phase Transition Temperature~ v.e.v.~ v.e.v.
Why Repeat ? “Flavor Problem”
v.e.v.v.e.v.
u, d, s, c, b quarks too light
the Shortfall : KM misses BAUBAU by at least ...
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 24
The Two B Factories
Mt. Tsukuba
PEP-II
KEKB
Asymmetric Energy !
P. Oddone, 1987P. Oddone, 1987
Inadvertantly lead to my return to Taiwan in 1992
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 25
I Intro • Sprinkling of Flavor/CPV — “Heaven on Earth” 12
II Entrance: Hardware 6
III Science Output from Taiwan BelleTaiwan Belle
Rare Decays Direct CPV 4
TCPV 5
Offshoots /Discovery 6
Prowess 4
IV Hints for New PhysicsHints for New Physics: S,,
Dh / ppK
Sf / VV pol.
Objective
... a dramatic “Career Doubling”— founder/pusher of NTUHEP
Built EFC Participate SVD2
~ 20% of allBelle papers !
Observed !Observed !
A
TCPV
could not have planned th
is
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 26
Strategy: Rare Decays Direct CPV
Part of motivation for starting T-Belle is Density of B-phenomenologistsDensity of B-phenomenologists — Hai-Yang Cheng (AS) Xiao-Gang He (NTU) (recruited as part of build-up Chao-Qiang Geng (NTHU) Hsiang-nan Li (AS) (built-up in the process Kwei-Chou Yang (CYCU) (trained thru process Chuan-Hung Chen (NCKU) ( ” ” Chung-Kiang Chua (AS) ( ” ” and myself ...
Guess what, Our specialty ISIS — Rare Decays and Direct CP Violation
Have theorists, want experimentalists !
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 28
becoming semi-expert
Bander-Silverman-Soni phase/mech.1979
Invitation by Roberto
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 29
PSI B Project died 2 weeks
after I arrived ...
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 30
I Intro • Sprinkling of Flavor/CPV — “Heaven on Earth” 12
II Entrance: Hardware 6
III Science Output from Taiwan BelleTaiwan Belle
Rare Decays Direct CPV 4
TCPV 5
Offshoots /Discovery 6
Prowess 4
IV Hints for New PhysicsHints for New Physics: S,,
Dh / ppK
Sf / VV pol.
Objective
... a dramatic “Career Doubling”— founder/pusher of NTUHEP
Built EFC Participate SVD2
~ 20% of allBelle papers !
Observed !Observed !
A
TCPV
could not have planned th
is
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 31
Crowning: Rare Decays Direct CPVhh modes became “ours” since 2003
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 32
Tree PenguinInterference
CPV Phase
N.B. Would need also CP Conserving Phase Difference
Kmodes: Main Mine for DCPV
Recall D ~ 30, so K, likely
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 34
K: 1964 1999
CP Violation History
Mixing(-dep.) Direct
B: 2001 2004
DCPVTCPV
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 35
IV. A Prediction of sinsin22BBss a priori — from AAKK
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 36
Belle 2008 ⟨Nature⟩: Simple Bean Count
AA = = AAKK AAKK == 0.1640.164 0.0370.037 4.4 4.4 0.07 0.03 vs 0.094 0.020
DifferenceIs
Large !
Exp. Established
Belle + BaBar (+ CDF)
b → s CPV
And Not
Predicted !
ICHEP 2004, Beijing
ACP(B K)ACP(B K)
ACP(K) = 0.04 0.05 0.02
275M BB New
K: 728 53
Large EW penguin (Z0) ?
New Physics ?
[also seen by BaBar]
_d
d
K
u u
B sb
Sakai
Saga Towards Belle Nature Paper ...
hint that ACP(K) ACP(K) ? (2.4)
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 40
_d
d
K
u u
B sb , t ’
WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL’05LO PQCD ⊕ 4th Gen.
A 12% vs 15% (data)
A = AK+ AK+~ 15% and sb P
EW
ion)(illustrat
GeV 030t'm
, t ’
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 42
arXiv:0712.2397 [hep.ex]arXiv:0802.2255 [hep.ex]
Further ICHEP’08 Updates (CDF/DØ/fitters): Strengthen !
sin2Bs ~ 0.5 - 0.7
WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD’07
arXiv:0803.0659 [hep.ph]
UTUTfitfit
IncredibleIncredible !!! !!!sin2Bs 0.64
0.16 0.14
3.73.7 ~2.8
± ?
(already in 05)PRL’08PRL’08
PRL’08PRL’08
2.1
Summer ’09
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 43
V. A Eureka Moment : Heavenly CPV !?
Mind broadened by writing 《 Nature》
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 44
103.02.0 10)1.5(
n
nB
WMAP
2010 KM ~
B.A.U. from CPV in KMCPV in KM ?
Why? Jarlskog Invariant in SM3 (need 3 generation in KM)
Normalize by T ~ 100 GeVmasses too small !
103~ A is common (unique) area of trianglein SM
CPV Phase
0n
nB
Too Small in SMToo Small in SM
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 45
Only fac. 30 in CPV per se
~~ 10 101515 Gain Gain
Gain mostly in Large Yukawa Couplings (Masses) !Gain mostly in Large Yukawa Couplings (Masses) ! Nature wouldNature wouldlikely use this !?likely use this !?
103.02.0 10)1.5(
n
nB
WMAP
2010 KM ~
B.A.U. from CPV in KMCPV in KM ?
0n
nB
If shift by One Generation in SM4 (need 3 generation in KM)
WSH, arXiv:0803.1234 [hep/ph]
Providence
Enough CPV?
Enough CPV?
Too Small in SMToo Small in SM
1,2,3
2,3,4
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 46
VI. In Pursuit of CP Violation, and more
CPV for the Universe
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 47
• sin2Bs “Evidence” by 2010 ?
“Observe” by 2011 ?
• t’ Search Ongoing:
mt’ > 311 GeV @ 95% CL
Tevatron
• sin2Bs “Confirmation” — “Easy” for LHCb
• b’, t’ Discovery — Straightforward/full terrain
LHC
Glimpse of agenda at CMS
Tevatron/LHC Verification
Unequivocal BSMUnequivocal BSM
... if true
But when ?
mb’ > 325 GeV @ 95% CL
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 48
Analysis Status: 4 Papers (PAS)
F. Ambroglini, P. Bartalini, L. Fano’, R. Field Kai-Feng Chen and Rong-Shyang Lu
Kai-Feng Chen Y. Chao
EXO
QCD
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 49
Conclusion: Know in 3-5 Years
~~ 10 101515 Gain Gain
10101313GeV 300 tb m ,mGeV 600~ 10101515
Even if O (1)Enough CPV for B.A.U.
Maybe there is a 4th Generation !
Will Really Know in ~ 3–5 years !
Heaven on Earth ?
@ LHC
sin2Bs
@ Tevatron
by 2010
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 50
"for the discoverdiscovery of the mechanism of spontaneous brokenspontaneous brokensymmetrysymmetry in subatomic physics"
"for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature"
Source of EW SSB ?!
Photo: Universtity of Chicago Photo: KEK Photo: Kyoto University
Yoichiro Nambu Makoto Kobayashi Toshihide Maskawa
1/2 of the prize 1/4 of the prize 1/4 of the prize
USA Japan Japan
Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago Chicago, IL, USA
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Tsukuba, Japan
Kyoto Sangyo University; Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan
b. 1921(in Tokyo, Japan)
b. 1944 b. 1940
SSB ! Yukawa Largeby
Condensecan QQ
Could EWSB be due to b’ and t’ above unitarity bound ~ 500-600 GeV ?
Bob Holdom: N–J-L [Bardeen, Hill, Lindner
Gustavo Burdman: “Holographic” 4th gen.
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 51
Back to my roots of Strong Dynamics / Finite T ?
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 54
mBd, tt op and Vtd
tt
tt op, a v.e.v. scale quark, “discovered” 20 years ago (ARGUS)
NondecouplingNondecoupling — — tt ~ 1 1
CPV Phasearg V td
“Higgs Affinity”
LoopsLoops mBd
Flavor/CP/T-Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) OCPA5, 6/29/06 55
Offshoot Discovery I — D0h0
• Early 2001 - Rong-Shyang “tooling” w/ finding ... sees D
- Japanese student and Paoti, indep’tly ... see D Convenors Act —
Reported Summer 2001 !Reported Summer 2001 !
Form “Battle Group” ‣ Jack D ‣ Hsuan-Cheng D
‣ Rong-Shyang D
SU(3) argument
Why the rush?— Much Enhanced!
100 %
Flavor/CP/T-Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) OCPA5, 6/29/06 56
Belle 23M, PRL 88, 052002 (2002)CLEO 9.7M, PRL 88, 062001 (2002)
More modes, done in less time
BaBar 89M, PRD 69, 032004 (2004)
enhance Isospin Strong PhaseDifference D ~ 30
K,
D ~ ½ 1
Flavor/CP/T-Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) OCPA5, 6/29/06 57
Prowess I: TCPV in Charmless B sqq
Jack
• Shih-Chieh finished M.S., after army, went for US (still finishing at FNAL)• I did not give instructions to move into Time-dep. CPV study ... [flagship TCPV, sin21 measurement via B J/K0, was completed 2001
we strategically stayed away so as not to get sidelined.• This was the first TCPV study outside of charmonia final states. — A remarkable test for method. BaBar followed only a year later.• NTU’s expertise in / payed off. Nobody was better suited.• Jack became a big expert on B sqq TCPV in Belle• Belle (Jack’s) result consistent with SM expectation, while BaBar’s is at some variance.
BelleBaBar
Flavor/CP/T-Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) OCPA5, 6/29/06 59
SKS = sin 21
SM (KM) Prediction
Possible SUSYSUSYFCNC/CPV Loop
Can Break Equality
Real
Penguins (Vertex Loops)
Flavor/CP/T-Belle George W.S. Hou (NTU) OCPA5, 6/29/06 60
TCPV in Charmless B sqq Cont’d
BelleBaBar
2002 2003 2004
...
SVD2 (2003+) S = +0.78 0.45 A =+0.17 0.33
SVD1S = 0.68 0.46A = 0.02 0.28
4.5%
• 2003 result caused a sensation [I was shocked
• 2003-2004 data set opposite sign• BaBar consistent with SM Belle converging
But we firmly entered TCPV.Also mode (Chin-Chi Wang)
...
’K
S
KS .
..
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 61
_d
d
Ku u
Bsb
Why A K+- A K+0 0 a Puzzle ?
Large C ?
Large EWPenguin ?
Suppress Tree CPV Phase
Need NP CPV Phase∵ T and PEW
≈ same strong phase
?
?Currently working w/ Hsiang-nan et al. on NLO-PQCD NP Z-penguin
CPV Pursuit George W.S. Hou (NTU) MikeFest, Nov ’09 62
Find bb’’, tt’’, or Rule Out @ LHC
44thth generation? — The jury is out …
In era of LHC, can Directly Search for b’, t ’ Once and For All !
It’s a Duty.
Strategy Considerations ( )• Well shielded training ground — All ToolsAll Tools ☞ Move on to Greener Pastures ~ in 2 years
• Publish early — Large Cross Section - If “Limits”, then easy to publish - If “Signal”, Lucked Out!
Sighting Vision ~ Early ’06
Well shielded
Publish early