1 CPS 111 – Introduction to Information Communication Technology Lecture 3 Week of 04/10/2010 Lecturer: Fatou Jaiteh
Nov 22, 2014
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CPS 111 – Introduction to Information Communication Technology
Lecture 3Week of 04/10/2010Lecturer: Fatou Jaiteh
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Homework rules
Homework is due by the end of the day on the due date listed (Hwk 1 due today)
Homework must be submitted directly to me Emails will not be accepted
Late homework will be worth 40% of the original grade
Once homework solutions are posted the homework will not be accepted
Homework solutions will be posted by end of day the day after the homework is due
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Assignment, quiz and test re grade requests
Must submit a write up including What you would like to be re graded
specifically Why you think your answer is correct
Please note that the whole assignment will be re graded, not specific problems
You must submit the re grade request within one week of the day the assignment was returned
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Today’s agenda
Review Quiz solutions Hardware and software
Cont. functions of personal computer Networks
Basic control of input devices Introduction to the Computer Desktop Keyboard Mouse
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Quiz 1 – 19 points total
What 4 components contribute to your final grade and what are their respective percentage contributions (1 pt each – 8 pts total)?
List one classroom rule (2 pts) By when must your submit your group
project teams (2 pts)? Where can you find all slides, homework
and solutions and class announcements (2 pts)?
What are your expectations for this class (5 pts)?
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Quiz solutions – Question 1
Criteria Proportion Comment
Midterm examination 30%
Group Project 10% No more than 5 and no less than 3 students in the same group
Homework and Quizzes 10%
Final examination 50% No supplement examinations except with request and appropriate authorization
Total 100%
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Quiz solutions – Question 2 (Any of the following are accepted for full credit)
One person speaking at a time Listen to the speaker Food and drink consumed outside of
classroom Turn off or silence all mobile phones Treat the computer equipment with respect Ask questions and participate!
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Quiz solutions – Question 3, 4 and 5
You must submit your group project teams by the next class session (5/10/2010)
You can find all slides, homework and solutions and class announcements on the “class website” or http://sites.google.com/a/utg.edu.gm/cps-111-fall-2010/ or on one of the computers in computer lab 2 Outside of my office will receive half credit. You
CANNOT find slides or class announcements here
Any class expectations that you have and have listed will be accepted
Lets discuss some class expecations that were mentioned
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Today’s agenda
Review Quiz solutions Hardware and software
Cont. functions of personal computer Networks
Basic control of input devices Introduction to the Computer Desktop Keyboard Mouse
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Computers range from the smallest PDAs to the largest CPU mainframes
Today’s computer systems come in a variety of sizes shapes and computing capabilities Mainframe Systems - Used to handle high
transaction processing volume or complex computational problem solving (e.g. major corporations and government agencies)
Midrange computers - Primarily high-end network servers and other types of servers that can handle the processing of many business applications. Often used to help manage larger Internet websites, corporate intranets and extranets and other networks
Microcomputers - Also called PCs (personal computers) and are available as hand-held, notebook, laptop, portable, desktop or floor-standing models
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There are hundreds of smaller components within a computer, but only a few major ones
Monitor Keyboard Mouse Cables Computer tower
Processor (CPU) Fan(s) Disk drive and/or floppy drive Hard drive RAM Motherboard
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Computers can be relatively easy to assemble
Plug computer tower and monitor to wall Connect monitor, keyboard and mouse to
computer tower Look for pictures on back of the tower to help
guide you to the correct connection location Verify that outlet is on and functional Take note of:
USB ports Headphone connection Network ports
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A computer is only a high powered “processing box” without peripherals
Peripherals is a generic name given to all: Input devices Output devices Secondary storage devices
Are separate from, but can be electronically connected to and controlled by, a CPU
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Input technologies now provide a more natural user interface
Keyboards are the most widely used devices for entering text and data
The electronic mouse is the most popular pointing device used to move the cursor on the screen The computer interface displayed on
the computer screen is also known as the Graphical User Interface (GUI)
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It is increasingly more common to utilize multimedia forms of output
Video output Video monitors – Use a cathode ray tube
similar to that in used in a TV Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) – Used for
portable microcomputers such as laptops and PDAs
Printed output Inkjet printers – Spray ink onto a page Laser printers – Electronic process similar to
photocopying Audio output
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Data / information can be stored until needed using various storage devices
SemiconductorMemory
Magnetic Disks
Optical Disks
Magnetic Tape
Acce
ss S
peed
Incr
ease
s
Cost
per
Byt
e In
crea
ses
Stor
age
Capa
city
Dec
reas
es
Primary Storage(Main Memory)
Secondary Storage
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Data are processed and stored in a computer through binary representation
Data are processed and stored in a computer system through the presence or absence of electronic or magnetic signals This is called two-state or binary
representation The smallest element of data is
called a bit A byte is a basic grouping of bits
that the computer operates as a single unit
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There are two major types of computer software
Application software – Performs information processing tasks for end user Application specific programs General purpose application programs
System software – Manages and supports operations of computer systems and networks System management programs System development programs
The types of software you will encounter depend on the types of computer you use
and the tasks you want to accomplish
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The system and application software interface between the end users and computer hardware
End User
Application Software
System Software
Computer Hardware
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We can group system software into two major categories
System management programs manage the hardware, software, network, and data resources of computer systems during the execution or information processing jobs
System development programs help the users develop information system programs and procedures and prepare user programs for computer processing
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The OS is the most indispensible component of the software interface between users and the hardware
Operating system controls the following: User interface – Allows you to
communicate with the OS (command-driven, menu-driven, GUI)
Resource management – Manage the hardware and networking resources
File management – Control the creation, deletion, location and access of files of data and programs
Task management – Manage the accomplishment of the computing tasks
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Today’s agenda
Review Quiz solutions Hardware and software
Cont. functions of personal computer Networks
Basic control of input devices Introduction to the Computer Desktop Keyboard Mouse
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There is a wide spectrum of telecommunication based technologies available today
Telecommunications is the exchange of information in any form (voice, data, text, image, audio, video) over computer based networks Entertainment Information
Transactions Communications E.g. High-definition TV Distance
learning Cellular systems
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The networked enterprise
When computers are networked, two industries – computing and communications – converge, and the result is vastly more than the sum of the parts. Suddenly, computing applications become available for business-to-business coordination and commerce, and for small as well as large organizations. The global Internet creates a public place without geographic boundaries – cyberspace – where ordinary citizens can interact, publish their ideas, and engage in the purchase of goods and services. In short, the impact of both computing on our society and organizational structures is greatly magnified.
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Businesses have become networked enterprises
Systems which are being used to network business processes and employees together and connect them to their customer, suppliers and other business stakeholders: Internet Web Intranets Extranets
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What is the Internet?
The Internet is a massive network of networks, a networking infrastructure
It connects millions of computers together globally, forming a network in which any computer can communicate with any other computer as long as they are both connected to the Internet
Information that travels over the Internet does so via a variety of languages known as protocols
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The Internet has become the largest and most important network today
The explosive growth of the Internet is a revolutionary phenomenon in computing and telecommunications
Thousands of business, educational, and research networks now connect millions of computer systems
The Internet does not have a central computer system. Instead each message sent has a unique address code so any Internet server in the network can forward it to its destination No headquarters - International advisory and
standards groups of individual and corporate members promote use of the Internet and the development of new communications standards
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What is the Web (World Wide Web)?
The Web is a way of accessing information over the medium of the Internet
An information-sharing model that is built on top of the Internet
The Web uses the HTTP protocol, only one of the languages spoken over the Internet, to transmit data
Web services, which use HTTP to allow applications to communicate in order to exchange business logic, use the Web to share information
The Web also utilizes browsers, such as Internet Explorer or Firefox, to access Web documents called Web pages that are linked to each other via hyperlinks
Web documents also contain graphics, sounds, text and video
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The Web is just one of the ways that information can be disseminated over the Internet
The Internet, not the Web, is also used for e-mail, which relies on SMTP, Usenet news groups, instant messaging and FTP
The Web is just a portion of the Internet, albeit a large portion, but the two terms are not synonymous but are often confused and used interchangeably
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The World Wide Web is one of the most popular Internet applications
The most popular Internet applications are e-mail, instant messaging, browsing sites on the Web, and participating in newsgroups and chat rooms
You can make online searches for information at websites using search engines such as Google and Yahoo!
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What business value do companies derive from their business applications on the Internet?
Generate new revenue from online sales
Reduce costs of doing business Develop new web-based products Increase customer loyalty and
retention Attract new customers Develop new markets and channels
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Many companies feel that investing in the intranet is as fundamental as supplying an employee with a phone
A network inside of an organization that uses Internet technologies to provide an Internet-like environment within the enterprise Information sharing Communication Collaboration Support of business processes
Is protected by passwords and encryption and can only be accessed by authorized users via the Internet
Business value Collaboration and communication Web publishing Business operations and management
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As companies continue to use extranets they are able to gain many competitive advantages along the way
Extranets are network links that use Internet technologies to interconnect the intranet of a business with the intranets of its customers, suppliers or other business partners
Business value Speed and ease of access to intranet resources Enables a company to offer new kinds of
interactive web-based services to their customers
Improved collaboration
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It is important to understand some important characteristics and basic components of telecommunications
Network Alternative Examples of Alternatives
NetworksInternet, intranet, extranet, wide area, local area, client/server, peer-to-peer
MediaTwisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, fiber optics, comm. Satellites, wireless, LAN
ProcessorsModems, multiplexers, routers, switches, hubs
SoftwareNetwork operating systems, web browsers, telecommunications monitors
ChannelsAnalog/digital, switched/nonswitched, bandwidth alternatives
Topology/architectureStar, ring, and bus topologies, OSI and TCP.IP architecture and protocols
Key telecommunications components and alternatives
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The basic components of a telecommunications network
1. Terminal2. Telecommunications processors3. Telecommunications channels4. Computers5. Telecommunications control
software
PC, NC, Other
Terminals
Processor Processor
Computers
Software
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1
2 2
3
4
5
2
3
4
5
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Different types of networks serve as the telecommunications infrastructure for the Internet, intranets, and extranet
WAN (Wide area networks): Connecting a large geographic area such as a city
LAN (Local area network): Connect within a limited physical area such as an office
VPN (Virtual private network): A secure network that uses the Internet to connect participating organizations
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Note how the LAN allows users to share hardware, software and data resources
PC Workstation
PC Workstation
PC Workstation
PC Workstation
PC Workstation
PC Workstation
Network Server
Internetwork Processor to
Other Networks
Shared Printer
Shared Databases
and Software Packages
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Different types of networks serve as the telecommunications infrastructure for the Internet, intranets, and extranet
Client/server: Client computers (end user PC) are interconnected by LANs and share application processing with network servers, which also manage the networks Have become the predominant
information architecture of enterprise wide computing
Peer-to-peer networking: The file-sharing software in the P2P network connects your PC with one of the online users in the network
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Telecommunications channels make use of a variety of telecommunications media
Twisted-pair wire: Ordinary telephone wire, consisting of copper wire twisted into pairs in the most widely used medium for telecommunications
Coaxial cable: Are you in high-service metropolitan areas and many office buildings for LANs
Fiber optics: Cables consisting of one or more hair-this filaments of glass fiber wrapped in a protective jacket About 100 times greater that coaxial cables
and 1,000 times better than twisted-pair wire
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Wireless telecommunications transport digital communications without wires between communication devices
Rely on radio wave, microwave, infrared, and visible light pulses to transport digital communications Terrestrial microwave Communications satellites Cellular and pcs systems Wireless LANs The wireless web
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The wireless application protocol (WAP) architecture for wireless Internet services to mobile appliances
FilterSoftware
WebServer
Mobile Information Appliance (e.g. PDA)
Proxy Software
Foundation of wireless mobile Internet and Web applications
HTML or XML
WML
Wireless Access
Protocol
Wireless Communication
Tower
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Processors perform a variety of support functions between computers and other devices
Modems: Convert digital signal from a computer or transmission terminal at one end of a communications link to analog frequencies that can be transmitted over telephone lines A modem at the other end converts the
transmitted data back into digital form Most common type of communications
processor
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Networks are interconnected by special-purpose communications processors
Internetwork processors: Switches: Communications processor
that makes a connections between telecommunication circuits and networks
Routers: Interconnects networks based on different rules so a message can be routed to its destination
Hubs: Port (connection for shared access to networks resources) switching communications processor
Gateways: Connect networks that use different communications architecture
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Network management software monitors and manages network performance
Major network management functions: Traffic management Security Network monitoring Capacity planning
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Trends in telecommunications
Toward more competitive vendors, carriers, alliances and network services, accelerated be deregulation and the growth of the Internet and the WWW
Industry
Toward extensive use of Internet, digital fiber-optics, and wireless technologies to create high-speed local and global Internetworks for voice, data, images and video communications
Technology
Toward the pervasive use on the Internet, enterprise intranets, and inter organizational extranets to support electronic business and commerce, enterprise collaboration, and strategic advantage in local and global markets
Application
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Today’s agenda
Review Quiz solutions Hardware and software
Cont. functions of personal computer Networks
Basic control of input devices Introduction to the Computer Desktop Keyboard Mouse
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The desktop environment may change depending on which OS is used
In graphical computing, a desktop environment (DE) commonly refers to a style of GUI that is based on the desktop metaphor (seen on most modern PCs)
Computer Desktop using Microsoft Windows 2007 Starter Operating System
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DEs are designed to assist in accessing/configuring the most important or commonly used features
A desktop environment typically consists of: Icons Taskbar Windows Folders Wallpapers Shortcuts Desktop widgets Toolbars
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The Graphical User Interface (GUI) – Assuming a Windows OS
An icon is a small pictogram which may represent a file, folder, application or device on a computer operating system
A taskbar is a bar displayed on a full edge of a GUI desktop that is used to launch and monitor running applications
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1
2
2
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The Graphical User Interface (GUI) – Assuming a Windows OS
A window is a visual area containing some kind of user interface. It usually has a rectangular shape It displays the output of, and may allow input to, one or
more processes
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The Graphical User Interface (GUI) – Assuming a Windows OS
Folder, directory, catalog, or drawer, in computing, is a virtual container within a digital file system, in which groups of computer files and other folders can be kept and organized
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The Graphical User Interface (GUI) – Assuming a Windows OS
Wallpaper (also desktop picture and desktop background) is an image used as a background on a computer screen, usually for the desktop of a graphical user interface
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The Graphical User Interface (GUI) – Assuming a Windows OS
Desktop widgets are interactive virtual tools that provide single-purpose services E.g. current weather, the time, a calendar, etc.
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The Graphical User Interface (GUI) – Assuming a Windows OS
A computer shortcut is a small file containing a target URI or the name of a target program file that the shortcut represents A path between two points that is faster than the
commonly used paths
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The Graphical User Interface (GUI) – Assuming a Windows OS
A toolbar is a GUI widget on which onscreen buttons, icons, menus or other input or output elements are placed
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Today’s agenda
Review Quiz solutions Hardware and software
Cont. functions of personal computer Networks
Basic control of input devices Introduction to the Computer Desktop Keyboard Mouse
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Keyboards are the most widely used devices for entering text and data
How can you control your computer? How can you tell it what you want to do now?
You have to give it your command You deliver your command through the
use of input devices Keyboard Mouse Touch pad Etc.
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There are several different groups of keys on a standard keyboard (QWERTY layout)
Special Keys Arrow Keys
Number Pad
Additional Keys
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The home row of the keyboard is the most important to the touch-typist
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Practice activity 1
Find F and J on the keyboard Do you feel the small raised bump
under each index finger? Which number on the numeric pad
contains the small raised bump? Close your eyes Find the F and J keys
Did you put your fingers on the home row keys correctly?
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Practice activity 2
Open a new Microsoft Word Place your fingers correctly on the home
keys Please type the following three times
each (use spaces appropriately): asdfg hjkl; ;lkjh gfdsa Ah had a lag Slag had ah flag;
For additional practice before the next class please reference: http://www.typeonline.co.uk/lesson1.html
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Keyboard shortcut keys allow the user to navigate a computer more quickly
A keyboard shortcut or hotkey is a finite set of one or more keys that invoke a software or operating system operation when triggered by the user http://
www.computerhope.com/shortcut.htm
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Ten useful shortcut keys to memorize
1. Ctrl + C or Ctrl + Insert: Copy the highlighted text or selected item
2. Ctrl + V or Shift + Insert: Paste the text or object that's in the clipboard
3. Ctrl + Z and Ctrl + Y: Undo any change. Pressing Ctrl + Y would re-do the undo
4. Ctrl + F: Open the Find in any program5. Alt + Tab or Alt + Esc: Quickly switch between open
programs6. F1: Open help for the program you're in7. Ctrl + P: Print what's currently being viewed in
programs such as Microsoft Word or your Internet browser
8. Ctrl + Left arrow / Right arrow: Move the cursor one word at a time instead of one character at a time
9. Ctrl + Home / End: Move the cursor to the beginning or end of a document.
10. Page Up / Space bar and Page Down: Move that page one page at a time in that direction
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Practice activity 3
In the Microsoft Word document that you have open: Type you name Highlight your name Select Ctrl + C at the same time Select a new spot on the document Select Ctrl + V at the same time
What happens?
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Practice activity 4
Select Ctrl + F Select F1 on the keyboard Select Alt + Tab on the keyboard Close out of all open windows and
programs
What function do each of these shortcut keys perform?
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Keyboard symbols (1 of 5)
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Keyboard symbols (2 of 5)
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Keyboard symbols (3 of 5)
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Keyboard symbols (4 of 5)
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Keyboard symbols (5 of 5)
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Emoticons (1 of 4)
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Emoticons (2 of 4)
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Emoticons (3 of 4)
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Emoticons (4 of 4)
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Today’s agenda
Review Quiz solutions Hardware and software
Cont. functions of personal computer Networks
Basic control of input devices Introduction to the Computer Desktop Keyboard Mouse
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The electronic mouse is the most popular pointing device used to move the cursor on the screen
What is a mouse? A hand held pointing device
An arrow is displayed on the screen which is called a pointer
Performs four basic functions: Pointing Clicking (right and left) Double clicking Click and drag
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When using the term “click” it assumed to reference the right click functionality
When working with icons Right Click (Click) Select Left Click Icon options/management Double-click Open
When working with buttons Click Open
Click and drag Move (icons) – pointer on icon, then click and
hold Multiple selection – pointer on blank space,
draw a rectangle to cover icons
When using the term “click” it assumed to reference the right click functionality
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Pop quiz!
What are the four functions of a mouse?
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Practice activity 1
Grasp the mouse firmly on both sides using the thumb and fourth or little finger and by cupping it in the palm of your hand
Lay the mouse on a flat surface bracing it with the palm of your hand
Rest the index finger over the left button and the middle finger over the right button
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Practice activity 2
The pointer will be pointing up and to the left
Practice moving the mouse to the recycle bin and then holding it over the icon
Move your hand in a arc What happens if you lift your mouse off
the table? Look at the bottom of the mouse. What do
you see?
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Practice activity 3
Place your right/left hand toward the edge of the table. Curl the middle, fourth and little finger slightly under so that the index finger is pointed
Practice “clicking”: Tap your index finger once on the table
Practice “double-clicking”: Tap your index finger twice on the table
Now practice this same exercise using the mouse
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Practice activity 4
Click on the start button (bottom left of the screen)
Move the mouse away from the Start Menu and click once on a blank space on the desktop. What happens?
Click once on the My Computer icon on the desktop. Do you see that the color changes?
Click once on a blank space on the desktop. What happens to the color of the My Computer icon?
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Practice activity 5
Move the mouse to the My Computer icon Double-click to open the icon Move the mouse to My Documents icon Double-click to open the icon Close the windows by clicking on the X
within the small red box in the upper right hand corner of the window
Move the mouse back to the My Documents icon
Left-click on the icon. What happens?
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Any comments or questions?
Homework due by end of day today Must give to me directly
Homework solutions will be available tomorrow On class website In CPS 111 folder in computer lab 2
Turn in group project teams to me today
Next class topic: Improving typing ability Quiz 2 Hwk 2 assigned
Be sure to sign in
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Appendix
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Currently the following 8 lab sections are available
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
Momodou Sanyang9:00AM - 12:00PM
Fatou Jaiteh9:00AM - 12:00PM
Lamarana Jallow
9:00AM - 12:00PM
Acquah Hackman9:00AM - 12:00PM
Acquah Hackman9:00AM - 12:00PMFatou Jaiteh
2:30PM - 5:30PM
Lamarana Jallow
1:00PM - 4:00PM
Momodou Sanyang2:30PM - 5:30PM
All sections are held in Lab 2 – Please attend only ONE section
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Contact information
Fatou Jaiteh – [email protected] Miss Fatou or Fatou Jaiteh
Office hours Tuesday: 12PM–1:30PM & 5PM–6PM Location: My office (shared with Kathy
Lewis) Please contact me after class to
schedule individual office hours
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Class website
All slides, homework, homework solutions and announcements will be available on the class website at the following location:http://sites.google.com/a/
utg.edu.gm/cps-111-fall-2010/