Copy of 4GWIRELESS

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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

4G (also known as Beyond 3G), an abbreviation for Fourth4G (also known as Beyond 3G), an abbreviation for Fourth--

Generation, is a term used to describe the next completeGeneration, is a term used to describe the next complete

evolution in wireless communications.evolution in wireless communications.

It will be able to provide a comprehensive IP solution whereIt will be able to provide a comprehensive IP solution wherevoice, data and streamed multimedia .voice, data and streamed multimedia .

It can be given to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis, andIt can be given to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis, and

at higher data rates than previous generations.at higher data rates than previous generations.

As the second generation was a total replacement of the firstAs the second generation was a total replacement of the firstgeneration networks and handsets.generation networks and handsets.

the third generation was a total replacement of secondthe third generation was a total replacement of second

generation networks and handsetsgeneration networks and handsets..



The fourth generation cannot be an incremental evolution of The fourth generation cannot be an incremental evolution of

current 3G technologies, but rather the total replacement of thecurrent 3G technologies, but rather the total replacement of the

currentcurrent 3G3G networks .networks .

There is no formal definition for what 4G is; however, thereThere is no formal definition for what 4G is; however, there

are certain objectives that are projected for 4G .are certain objectives that are projected for 4G .

These objectives include: that 4G will be a fullyThese objectives include: that 4G will be a fully IPIP--basedbased

integrated system. 4G will be capable of providing betweenintegrated system. 4G will be capable of providing between

100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s speeds both indoors and outdoors,100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s speeds both indoors and outdoors,

with premiumwith premium qualityquality and highand high securitysecurity..

Fourth Generation (4G) Wireless Networks are beingFourth Generation (4G) Wireless Networks are being

developed to further enhance the mobile user experiencesdeveloped to further enhance the mobile user experiences

through higher speed radio access and increased quality of through higher speed radio access and increased quality of

service (QoS) .service (QoS) .



HISTORY OF 4G WIRELESSHISTORY OF 4G WIRELESS

Wireless System Evolution:Wireless System Evolution:

First generationFirst generation: Almost all of the systems from this: Almost all of the systems from this

generation were analog systems where voice was considered togeneration were analog systems where voice was considered to

be the main traffic.be the main traffic.

Second generationSecond generation:: All the standards belonging to thisAll the standards belonging to this

generation are commercial centric and they are digital in form.generation are commercial centric and they are digital in form.

Around 60% of the current market is dominated by EuropeanAround 60% of the current market is dominated by Europeanstandards.standards.



Third generationThird generation::To meet the growing demands in network To meet the growing demands in network capacity, rates required for high speed data transfer and multimediacapacity, rates required for high speed data transfer and multimediaapplications, 3G standards started evolving .applications, 3G standards started evolving .

The systems in this standard are essentially a linear enhancement of The systems in this standard are essentially a linear enhancement of 2G systems .2G systems .

Currently, transition is happening from 2G to 3G systems. As a partCurrently, transition is happening from 2G to 3G systems. As a part

of this transition, numerous technologies are being standardized.of this transition, numerous technologies are being standardized.

�� 2.75G:2.75G:

EDGEEDGE/EGPRS/EGPRS

CDMA2000CDMA2000 (1xR TT)(1xR TT)

�� 3G:3G: UMTSUMTS ((WW--CDMACDMA))

CDMA2000CDMA2000 ((1xEV1xEV--DODO/IS/IS--856)856)

WiMaxWiMax



�� 3.5G:3.5G:

UMTSUMTS ((HSDPAHSDPA))

UMTSUMTS ((HSUPAHSUPA)) CDMA2000CDMA2000 ((EVEV--DODO Rev.A)Rev.A)

�� 3.75G3.75G

UMTSUMTS ((HSPA+HSPA+))

CDMA2000CDMA2000 ((EVEV--DODO Rev.B/3xR TT)Rev.B/3xR TT)

�� 4G:4G:

FlashFlash--OFDMOFDM

3GPP LTE3GPP LTE

Fourth generationFourth generation:: According to the 4G working groups, theAccording to the 4G working groups, the

infrastructure and the terminals of 4G will have almost all theinfrastructure and the terminals of 4G will have almost all the

standards from 2G to 4G implemented .standards from 2G to 4G implemented .





FEATURES OF 4G WIRELESS SYSTEMSFEATURES OF 4G WIRELESS SYSTEMS

The following are some possible features of the 4G systems :The following are some possible features of the 4G systems :

1. Support interactive multimedia, voice, video, wireless internet and1. Support interactive multimedia, voice, video, wireless internet and

other broadband services.other broadband services.

2. High speed, high capacity and low cost per bit.2. High speed, high capacity and low cost per bit.

3. Global mobility, service portability, scalable mobile networks.3. Global mobility, service portability, scalable mobile networks.

4. Seamless switching, variety of services based on Quality of 4. Seamless switching, variety of services based on Quality of Service (QoS) requirementsService (QoS) requirements



OVERVIEW OF 4GOVERVIEW OF 4G

In Korea, the development of 4G mobile system technologies is veryIn Korea, the development of 4G mobile system technologies is very

actively carried on.actively carried on.

The activities of 4G development in Korea will be introduced. In theThe activities of 4G development in Korea will be introduced. In the

first part, the current status of preparing the commercial WiBrofirst part, the current status of preparing the commercial WiBro

service will be presented.service will be presented.

The WiBro Service (Portable Internet Service for 2.3GHz), as the lowThe WiBro Service (Portable Internet Service for 2.3GHz), as the low

mobility data service, has been defined as a premobility data service, has been defined as a pre--4G service and the4G service and the

development of the system.development of the system.

The 4G system will support 100Mbps data rate for high mobility andThe 4G system will support 100Mbps data rate for high mobility and

1Gbps for low mobility.1Gbps for low mobility.





..

The future mobile device will therefore be first and foremost aThe future mobile device will therefore be first and foremost a

computer, then an open wireless architecture (OWA) lowcomputer, then an open wireless architecture (OWA) low--power power terminal.terminal.

This OWA technology offers an optimal solution to open up theThis OWA technology offers an optimal solution to open up the

wireless platform for complete openness , simplicity .wireless platform for complete openness , simplicity .

OWA supports serviceOWA supports service--oriented architecture and infrastructure that isoriented architecture and infrastructure that is

necessary for future mobile phone development.necessary for future mobile phone development.

the next generation mobile communication technology (called 4ththe next generation mobile communication technology (called 4th

generation mobile, or 4G Mobile), the future trend is samegeneration mobile, or 4G Mobile), the future trend is same..





Nowadays, network technology plays a significant role in the scienceNowadays, network technology plays a significant role in the scienceand business area.and business area.

Scientists innovate and develop some new technologies to fitScientists innovate and develop some new technologies to fit

businesses¶ needs and to satisfy people¶s demands.businesses¶ needs and to satisfy people¶s demands.

Thus, the hot topics of the network technology that are going to beThus, the hot topics of the network technology that are going to beillustrated in this paper are 3G and 4G technologies and beyond (5G).illustrated in this paper are 3G and 4G technologies and beyond (5G).

³4G is a research item for next³4G is a research item for next--generation widegeneration wide--area cellular radio,area cellular radio,

where you have 1G, 2G, 3G and then 4G [and 5G] is the clear. Fromwhere you have 1G, 2G, 3G and then 4G [and 5G] is the clear. From

these points of view, we can clearly understand that 4G does not reallythese points of view, we can clearly understand that 4G does not really

exist yet.exist yet.

EvolutionEvolution from 3G to 4G and beyond(5G)from 3G to 4G and beyond(5G)



Generally speaking, 4G is an evolution not only to move beyond theGenerally speaking, 4G is an evolution not only to move beyond the

limitations and problems of 3G, but also to enhance the quality of limitations and problems of 3G, but also to enhance the quality of

services, to increase the bandwidth and to reduce the cost of theservices, to increase the bandwidth and to reduce the cost of the

resource.resource.

The differences between 3G and 4G, 4G working principle, and 5GThe differences between 3G and 4G, 4G working principle, and 5G

(completed wireless communication with almost no limitation;(completed wireless communication with almost no limitation;

somehow people called it REAL wireless world).somehow people called it REAL wireless world).

The main distinguishing factors between 3G and 4G will be dataThe main distinguishing factors between 3G and 4G will be data

ratesservices, transmission ways, access technology to the Internet.ratesservices, transmission ways, access technology to the Internet.

In the other words, 4G will bring us almost perfect real world wirelessIn the other words, 4G will bring us almost perfect real world wireless

or called ³WWWW: World Wide Wireless Webor called ³WWWW: World Wide Wireless Web



How 4G works (working principle):How 4G works (working principle):

In the 4G wireless networks, each node will be assigned a 4GIn the 4G wireless networks, each node will be assigned a 4G--IPIP

address (based on IPv6), which will be formed by a permanentaddress (based on IPv6), which will be formed by a permanent

³home³home IP addressIP address

When a device (computer) in the Internet wants to communicate withWhen a device (computer) in the Internet wants to communicate with

another device (cell phone) in the wireless network.another device (cell phone) in the wireless network.

the computer will send a packet to the 4Gthe computer will send a packet to the 4G--IP address of the cellIP address of the cellphone targeting on its home address.phone targeting on its home address.

Then a directory server on the cell phone¶s home network willThen a directory server on the cell phone¶s home network will

forward this packet to the cell phone¶s careforward this packet to the cell phone¶s care--of address through aof address through a

tunnel, mobile IP; moreover.tunnel, mobile IP; moreover. the directory server will also inform the computer that the cellthe directory server will also inform the computer that the cell

phone¶s carephone¶s care--of address (real location), so next packets can be sent toof address (real location), so next packets can be sent to

the cell phone directly .the cell phone directly .



WIRELESS LANWIRELESS LAN



A wirelessA wireless LANLAN or WLAN or or WLAN or wirelesswireless local area network local area network is theis the

linking of two or more computers or devices usinglinking of two or more computers or devices using spreadspread--spectrumspectrum or or

OFDMOFDM modulation technology based to enable communicationmodulation technology based to enable communication

between devices in a limited area.between devices in a limited area.

This gives users the mobility to move around within a broad coverageThis gives users the mobility to move around within a broad coverage

area and still be connected to the network .area and still be connected to the network .

The popularity of wireless LANs is a testament primarily to their The popularity of wireless LANs is a testament primarily to their

convenience, cost efficiency, and ease of integration with other convenience, cost efficiency, and ease of integration with other

networks and network components .networks and network components .

Benefits of WAN are convenience, mobility, deployment,Benefits of WAN are convenience, mobility, deployment,

productivity, cost.productivity, cost.Disadvantages of WAN are security, range, speed and reliability.Disadvantages of WAN are security, range, speed and reliability.



TYPES OF WIRELESS LANTYPES OF WIRELESS LAN

Three types of LANs areThree types of LANs are

peerpeer--toto--peer wireless LANpeer wireless LAN

Bridge wireless LANBridge wireless LAN

Roaming wireless LANRoaming wireless LAN

Roaming are of 2 typesRoaming are of 2 types

Internal RoamingInternal Roaming

External RoamingExternal Roaming



MERITS OF 4G WIRELESSMERITS OF 4G WIRELESS NETWORKSNETWORKS

Traffic ManagementTraffic Management

�� Buffer ManagementBuffer Management

�� Mobility ManagementMobility Management

Traffic management (TM) mechanisms such as Call AdmissionTraffic management (TM) mechanisms such as Call Admission

Control (CAC), Scheduling.Control (CAC), Scheduling.Buffer Management (BM) play a key role in the design of multiBuffer Management (BM) play a key role in the design of multi--

service wireless network by providing service differentiation fromservice wireless network by providing service differentiation fromdiverse applications and assigning .diverse applications and assigning .

Mobility management is the integration and interworking of existingMobility management is the integration and interworking of existingwireless systems are important factors to obtain seamless roaming andwireless systems are important factors to obtain seamless roaming and

services in next generation or 4G wireless networksservices in next generation or 4G wireless networks



DEMERITS OF 4G WIRELESS NETWORKSDEMERITS OF 4G WIRELESS NETWORKS

DNP (Distributed Network Problem)DNP (Distributed Network Problem)

�� HWNS (Heterogeneous wireless networks)HWNS (Heterogeneous wireless networks)

�� Context Aware AdaptabilityContext Aware Adaptability Distributed NP (DNP) problems are ones supplied with probabilityDistributed NP (DNP) problems are ones supplied with probability

distributions of instancesdistributions of instances..

In the next generation of heterogeneous wireless networks (HWNs), aIn the next generation of heterogeneous wireless networks (HWNs), a

large number of different radio access technologies (RAT

s) will belarge number of different radio access technologies (RAT

s) will beintegrated into a common network integrated into a common network



APPLICATIONS OF 4G WIRELESS NETWORKSAPPLICATIONS OF 4G WIRELESS NETWORKS

�� Easy to add stations as there are no cables required .Easy to add stations as there are no cables required .

�� Signals can be sent through doors and walls so the stations can beSignals can be sent through doors and walls so the stations can be

mobile .mobile .

�� There is less need for technical support in setting up due to their There is less need for technical support in setting up due to their

simple nature.simple nature.

�� There are no cables to trip over so there are less health and safetyThere are no cables to trip over so there are less health and safety

issues to consider issues to consider ..

�� It has high data rate and higher bandwidth.It has high data rate and higher bandwidth.



CURRENT RESEARCH OF 4GCURRENT RESEARCH OF 4G

The 4th Generation (4G) wireless mobile internet networks will beThe 4th Generation (4G) wireless mobile internet networks will be

combined through current existing cellular networks & Wireless LANcombined through current existing cellular networks & Wireless LAN

networks with fixed internet to support wireless mobile internetnetworks with fixed internet to support wireless mobile internet..

The field of wireless networks has witnessed tremendous growth inThe field of wireless networks has witnessed tremendous growth in

recent years causing it to become one of the fastest growing segmentsrecent years causing it to become one of the fastest growing segmentsof the telecommunications industryof the telecommunications industry..

As wireless networks evolve with increasing size and profitability.As wireless networks evolve with increasing size and profitability.

In the current communications age, the capabilities of mobile devicesIn the current communications age, the capabilities of mobile devices

are increasing .are increasing .The mobiles are capable of communicating at data rates of hundredsThe mobiles are capable of communicating at data rates of hundreds

of mbps on 4G networks. This enables playback of rich multimediaof mbps on 4G networks. This enables playback of rich multimedia

content comparable to internet .content comparable to internet .



The advent of the mobile wireless Internet has created the need for The advent of the mobile wireless Internet has created the need for

seamless and secure communication over heterogeneous accessseamless and secure communication over heterogeneous accessnetworksnetworks ..

Telecommunications advances have created the need for a high speed,Telecommunications advances have created the need for a high speed,

ubiquitous network capable of catering for diverse applicationubiquitous network capable of catering for diverse application

domains.domains.

This Next Generation or 4G network can be achieved through theThis Next Generation or 4G network can be achieved through the

interworking of several existing architectures .interworking of several existing architectures .

With an increasingly mobile society and the worldwide deployment of With an increasingly mobile society and the worldwide deployment of

mobile and wireless networks, the wireless infrastructure can supportmobile and wireless networks, the wireless infrastructure can support

many current and emerging healthcare applications.many current and emerging healthcare applications.



FUTURE SCOPE OF 4GFUTURE SCOPE OF 4G

FourthFourth--Generation (4G) Wireless Networks: Applications andGeneration (4G) Wireless Networks: Applications andInnovations plans to present the state of the art research and practicesInnovations plans to present the state of the art research and practicesof the roadmaps to fourth generation wireless networks.of the roadmaps to fourth generation wireless networks.

The proposals may include, but are not limited to, the following areasThe proposals may include, but are not limited to, the following areasof interest:of interest:

�� 4G and mobile TV4G and mobile TV

�� Security implicationsSecurity implications

�� 4G Security4G Security

�� 4G network management reference model4G network management reference model

�� Architectures for increased mobility, security, and energyArchitectures for increased mobility, security, and energyoptimizationoptimization

�� New network topologiesNew network topologies



CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

Nowadays, wireless technology is getting popular andNowadays, wireless technology is getting popular andimportant in the network and the Internet field.important in the network and the Internet field.

Therefore, no one can really sure what the future 4G will lookTherefore, no one can really sure what the future 4G will look

like and what services it will offer to people. However, we canlike and what services it will offer to people. However, we canget the general idea about 4G from academic research.get the general idea about 4G from academic research.

4G is the evolution based on 3Gs limitation and it will fulfill4G is the evolution based on 3Gs limitation and it will fulfillthe idea of WWWW, World Wide Wireless Web, offering morethe idea of WWWW, World Wide Wireless Web, offering more

services and smooth global roaming with inexpensive cost.services and smooth global roaming with inexpensive cost.



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