Cooperation with Sibrybniiproject (Siberian Science ... · Cooperation with Sibrybniiproject (Siberian Science, Research & Project Construction Institute of Fishery),Tyumen State

Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium

1. Distribution of Artemia in South-Siberia

Cooperation with Sibrybniiproject (Siberian Science, Research & Project Construction Institute of Fishery),Tyumen State Agricultural Academy, Tyumen, Russia

Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium

Survey of Artemia sites

Kurgan OmskNovosibirsk

Altai

TyumenChelyabinsk

Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium

Fig.2. Geographical distribution of the brine shrimp Artemia in Western Siberia

Distribution of Artemia sites

• 90 sites• total surface area of lakes : 1280 km² : generally between 1 and 10 km²

Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium

VshivkaLomovoyeGornastalevoMalinovoyeBurlinskoyeKucukskoyeSeverny ZalivMinistralYodnoeLevy BliznetsNikolayev BeregTanatar 2TanatarDushnoyeSolenoye (B. Gorkoye)MormyshanskoyeBaltabayZhirkoinVulduhKaskul-ChistoyeSazandaToluboyBuldukMirabilit

MihkaylovskoyeGorkoye (Barabashy)Gorkoye (Novokluchy)Solenoye

Altai regionBolshoye YarovoyeKulak – SorDzul – SuldyBuraBelenkoyeRetuhovoMaloye YarovoyeKaratalBolshaya GorchinaChekurtuzKrivaya RuchinaRetuhovskoyeDzhomnsorBauzhansorKurichyeKulundinskoyePravy BliznetsDunay

Voskresenskoye (Kurtamysh)MedvezyeMaloye Gorkoye(Chastoozerskoye)Shashmura (Pegan)Solenoye (Kurtamysh)

Tyumen regionSivergaSolenoye 18

Omsk regionEbeytyUlzhay

Novosibirsk regionGorkoye (Tzarizinao)LechebnoyeGorkoye (Olhovka)ChebaklyKarachyGorkoye (Konevo)Ostrovnoye

Chelyabinsk regionTazatkulSoleny KulatSolenoye Kommunarskoye

Kurgan regionKulat (Lavrushino)AslykulSulphatnoye VishnyakovskoyeTibizlokSolenoye (Setovo)GashkovoSvetlenkoyeAktobanNevidimIlyeneyGorkoyeSobachyeFilatovoSolenoye (Umreshevo)

Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium

Topography-climate-(a)biotic conditions• flat• (semi-) arid area; variable precipitation• continental climate:

• winter water temperatures down to –19°C

• ice layer up to 20 cm thick• hot summers (water temperatures up to 25-30°C)

• shallow => high fluctuations in salinity(40-320 ppt)

• phytoplankton: seasonal dynamics; species composition:

spring peaklate autumn peak

Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium

Artemia populations

• parthenogenetic populations, except L. Solenoye, Sobachye, Yodnoye• growth & reproduction: end of April-early October• cyst biometrics: 257-289 µm• detailed population dynamics:

lake Medvezhye (“Bear”)lake Nevidimlake Vishnakovskoy

Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium

Artemia population dynamics

• maximal densities late spring, early summer• decline of population as consequence of food depletion• 3-4 generations yearly; small/shallow lakes: 1-2• low productivity (compared to other areas), low brood sizes

Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium

Ongoing & future studies

• cytogenetics: PhD study

• continued population monitoring (cfr issuing harvesting licenses)

• bisexual populations: but no samples available yet !

Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium

2. Contamination of Bohai Bay Artemia population by introducedA. franciscana

1. Liaoning2. Hebei3. Tianjin4. Shandong

Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium

0.3-99.7 (n=1317)0.3-99.7 (n=1310)0.1-99.9 (n=975)

45-55 (n=594)31-69 (n=915)46-54 (n=459)

44-56 (n=1385)39-61 (n=1186)48-52 (n=987)

43-57 (n=1290)50-50 (n=932)43-57 (n=528)

42-58 (n=1345)47-53 (n=1399)45-55 (n=1318)

88 %87 %65 %40 %61 %31 %92 %79 %66 %86 %62 %70 %90 %93 %88 %

42 %66 %34 %22 %35 %29 %53 %38 %49 %78 % 91 % 80 % 90 %91 %92 %

-19911992

-19921993199719971998199920032003200320032003

1990-

19911991

------

20022003200220022003

Tianjin – HanguTianjin - TangguShandong - ChengkouShandong - YangkouHebei - CanghzhouHebei - LuannanHebei - LuannanHebei - LuannanHebei - LuannanHebei – LuannanShandong - Wudao Shandong - Xinhu Shandong -Huanggualin Shandong -Guangyanghi Shandong -Guangyanghi

121111871210121412331261135013511438146715801583158415861587

Sex ratio(male/fem)

% survivalMax H%Year ofarrival

Year ofharvest

Province- SiteARC code

First approach: culture tests

to be continued by : • further screening (focusing on specific areas/time periods)• DNA analysis (SFB ? GSL ?)

Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium

3. NATO Collaborative Linkage Grant “Artemia colonization of the Aral Sea: hope for a dying ecosystem”

Cooperation with:

1) Laboratory of Ichthyology and Hydrobiology, Institute of Zoology, Tashkent, Uzbekista2) Institute of Bioecology of the Karakalpak Branch of the Uzbek Academy of Sciences,

Nukus, Uzbekistan3) Inve Aquaculture, Inc.

Coordinator: ARC

Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium

Uzbekistan map

Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium

Evolution of Aral Sea 1960-now

Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium

Evolution of Aral Sea 1960-now

Amu Darya irrigation area

Syr Daryairrigation area“Small Aral”

“Big Aral”September ‘89 August ‘03

Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium

Moynak Ship Cemetery

Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium

Aralkum desert(= former seabed)

Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium

Project objectives

• establish a team of biologists, limnologists, chemists, and natural resource experts• document ecological characteristics of Aral Sea: hydrobiological and hydrochemical status

cfr. gradual colonization by Artemia population.

sampling and monitoring programme

Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium

Eastern Aral sampling area

Northern Aral sampling area

(not included in NATO Grant)

Present Artemia situation

Western Aral sampling area

• ± 80-110 ppt (autumn 2003)• expanding parthenogenetic Artemia population• low to moderate nutrient & phytoplankton levels• low to moderate density Artemia population• low reproductive capacity• first small cyst accumulations

bisexual population !

Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Ghent University, Belgium

• Small Aral : stabilized or back to lower salinity

• Large Aral : Difficult balance: • sufficient river inflow as to assure nutrient input;

cfr phytoplankton composition !!• not too high river inflow as to assure

sufficiently high salinity• fits in economical and political framework of Central Asian region

Perspective: doom scenario ?

Extra problems for commercial harvest :• several levels of authority: national, regional, local…• difficult accessibility of area: no roads; mudflat shores• recommendation: moratorium on commercial harvests until more information is collected

HUGE SOCIO-ECONOMIC & ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS !!

Future for Artemia population ?