Cooling & refrigeration’s role in fulfilling the EU’s 2050 ... · greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate

Cooling & refrigeration’s role in

fulfilling the EU’s 2050 pathway to

decarbonisation

Setting the scene: The EU’s progress in fulfilling its climate goal through the EU’s Clean Energy Package

MEP Peter Kouroumbashev

The urgency of acting for climate change and cooling & refrigeration's role

MEP Adam GierekPaolo BertoldiAndrea Voigt

The European Commission’s

science and knowledge service

Joint Research Centre

The IPCC Special report on

1.5 C

Paolo Bertoldi

Directorate Energy, Transport & Climate,

Energy Efficiency & Renewables Unit

5

6

IPCC SR 1.5 C

• An IPCC special report on the impacts of global warming of

1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global

greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of

strengthening the global response to the threat of climate

change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate

poverty.

• Limiting global warming to 1.5ºC would require

rapid, far reaching and unprecedented changes in

all aspects of society.

7

1. Climate Change is real and it is

happening!

8

Increase in Natural Disasters

Higher temperatures have resulted in more

catastrophies such as flooding, draught, hurricanes,

etc.

Source Munich RE

9

Where are we now?

Since preindustrial times, human activities have caused approximately 1.0°C of global warming.

• Already seeing consequences for people, nature and livelihoods

• At current rate, would reach 1.5°C between 2030 and 2052

• Past emissions alone do not commit the world to 1.5°C

10

Global GHG Emissions projections

11

Global GHG Emissions Continue to Grow

up to 2030

12

Emissions Projections till 2100

IPCC

13

Greenhouse gas emissions pathways

• We would need to start taking carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere

• Implications for food security, ecosystems and biodiversity

• National pledges are not enough to limit warming to 1.5°C

• Avoiding warming of more than 1.5°C would require carbon dioxide emissions to decline substantially before 2030

14

Climate change and people

• The avoided climate change impacts on sustainable development, eradication of poverty and reducing inequalities would be greater at 1.5°C rather than 2°C, and if mitigation and adaptation synergies are maximized while trade-offs are minimized

• Strengthened multi-level governance, institutional capacity, policy instruments, technological innovation and transfer and mobilization of finance, and changes in human behaviour and lifestyles are enabling conditions that enhance the feasibility of mitigation and adaptation options for 1.5°C consistent systems transitions

15

Conclusions

• Limiting global warming to 1.5ºC is feasible and would require rapid, far reaching and unprecedented changes in all aspects of society.

16

•EU Science Hub: ec.europa.eu/jrc

•Twitter: @EU_ScienceHub

•Facebook: EU Science Hub - Joint Research Centre

•LinkedIn: Joint Research Centre

•YouTube: EU Science Hub

Thank you for your Attention

Stay in touch

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

The urgency of acting for climate change and cooling & refrigeration's role

MEP Adam GierekPaolo BertoldiAndrea Voigt

Panel Discussion: What are the industry's solutions to help the EU achieve decarbonisation by 2050 while promoting sustainable development?

Ingo Wagner Paul De Larminat Torben Funder-Kristensen

Gerald Cavalier

19 | UNIDO – March 15 2018

Supermarkets as Flexibility Enablers

“Cooling & refrigeration’s role in fulfilling the EU’s 2050 pathway to decarbonisation”

Torben Funder-Kristensen, Head of Public & Industry Affairs, Danfoss A/S

20 | “Cooling & refrigeration’s role in fulfilling the EU’s 2050 pathway to decarbonisation”

Majority of all systems

only utilise 50% of the

compressor work

Compressors use

17 % of all

electricity

Cooling capacity

increase year

over year

HVAC-R industry:

a major energy consumer with high saving potential


Overview of selected opportunities

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 5 10 15 20 25

Per

cen

tage

lo

ad

24 Hours

LT cabinets (20% weight) MT cabinets (80% weight) LT + MT

Opportunity

Heat Recovery (HR)

Use of idle compressor

capacity (HP)

Ice storage (ICE)

Demand Response (DR)

PV panels and Battery


Total energy store:

• Heat recovery with CO2 as refrigerant

• Use refrigeration compressors for heat pump

purposes where cooling load is low and heating

load is high (winter).

• Install heat/cooling storage units (to store

energy where electricity price is low and/or

COP is high).

• Sell excessive heat from refrigeration system

into the district heating system.

• Combine Photovoltaic (PV) and refrigeration/

heating into a local “micro-grid power system”

Supermarket as an Energy Prosumer

Total Energy StoreFrom Energy Consumer to Energy Prosumer


Thermal networks: expand the perception of smart systems and the

scope for Vapor Compression Systems

District heating and cooling

networks are perfect for

thermal energy storage –

but limited in temperature

range.

Vapor Compression can

upgrade temperature levels

to grid demands.

In some application areas

thermal storage can provide

flexibility in electricity

consumption.

Supermarket

Airports etc.

Data center


Energy cost overview based on auxiliary type

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Base Base + HR Base+HR+HP B+HR+HP+ICE DR PV+Battery

Present

New Price structureScenario 2 (Variable electricity price)

Scenario 1 (constant electricity price)

Yearly Cost[DKK per KW installed refrigeration capacity]A higher degree of variable

electricity pricing can be

foreseen

Basic case stores will likely

experience an increase in

energy costs

There is an overall advantage

(win-win) to invest in advanced

technology solutions


Sum up

Key messages

Vapor compression systems are huge energy consumers

and that will increase with growing urbanization.

• Most systems only utilise 50 % of the compressor work

• Most systems do not use their full capacity

• Systems are suited to connect to grids

• Systems can store energy – Hot / Cold

• Marginal investments to become ‘smart’ are small

Volatile electricity price structures can lead to:

• Increase in electricity cost if no flexibility and storage

opportunities are disregarded

• significant energy cost reductions if the electricity

consumption is flexible and planned.

investments in advanced technology solutions



Gerald Cavalier

Cooling & refrigeration’s role in fulfilling the EU’s 2050 pathway to decarbonisation.

Brussels, Feb. 5th 2019Paul de Larminat

[email protected]

Association aiming at promoting socially and environmentally

responsible FCC (Food Cold Chain) globally.

FCC is a “chain”: covers fresh product production and

conservation, food processing, freezing, breweries, diaries…

Crucial need globally, especially in developing countries.

Promote adequate practices and technologies.

In parallel, avoid food waste.

What is

GFCCC ?

Common goals developed / Developing countries

Developing Developed

Expand this market without

skyrocketing GHG emissions

Mature market, but evolutions

needed

Reduce GHG emissions

Reduce energy consumption

Extend the use of renewables

Types of GHG emissions

Direct / Refrigerant leaks Indirect / Energy consumption

Use lower GWP fluids

(new & retrofit).

Re-use / recycle.

Use less energy.

Decarbonize energy

(Renewables).

Maintenance, leak detection & repair.

Legislations: EU F-gas, Kigali EU Ecodesign, Kigali

Action levels

Machines Systems

Improve energy efficiency: VSD’s,

better compressors

& exchangers, controls…

Reduce and rationalize

use of energy.

Transition renewables

Tools: ecodesign, energy labeling EPBD

Reduce Rationalize

Better building envelopes.

Closed door display cabinets. Etc…

Use less energy.

Store & mutualize thermal energy.

Store Mutualize

Unlike electricity, Thermal energy

is easily stored.

Shave peaks of mismatch between

supply and demand of electricity (

Renewables)

Push boundaries between

usages/users:

Ex: recover heat from cooling.

District heating and cooling.

Bi and tri-generation

Still huge untapped potential !...

Requirements

Hardware Software

Infrastructure.

Thermal energy distribution grids.

Integration within “smart” interconnected

systems

Right balance

Deploy « BAT’s » Innovate

Action is needed now.

BATs must be used NOW.

… taking affordability into account.

Incremental improvements.

“Disruptive technologies”.

Data analytics etc…

Industry involvement

Company level Associations. Examples:

Field commercial action.

Innovation.

EPEE actions (Ex Gapometer)

GFCCC (Ex: survey of FCC)

… Our business, our responsibility /

People’s needs & environment.



Gerald Cavalier

Ce document est la propriété de Cemafroid SAS et ne peut être utilisé ou donné à une tierce partie sans une autorisation préalableThis Document is the property of Cemafroid SAS, and cannot be used nor given to outside party without prior authorization.

Cooling & refrigeration’s role in fulfilling the EU’s 2050

pathway to decarbonisation

What are the industry's solutions to help the EU achieve decarbonisation by 2050 while

promoting sustainable development?

Bruxelles

5th of February 2019


• 160 years ago in 1859

– Ferdinand CARRE patent an adsorption

machine using sulfuric ether

– Charles TELLIER use Ammonia in

refrigeration for the first time….

• 100 years ago in 1919

– Willys CARRIER looking for a non

flammable, non smelling and non

ofensive refrigerant tested diclhloroéthylen

(C2H2Cl2) and dichloromethan (CH2Cl2).

І Not really a new issue…

A lot of people worked on it….


• More than 65 years experience

– In France, In Europe and in the world

• More than 80 experts

– PhD, engineers and technicians

• More than 8 M€ turnover

– In continuous growth for more than 15 years

• 6 000 clients in the world

• Test and experimental facilities

– Laboratories, databases, instrumentation, …

• Accreditations and notifications

– UNO, WHO, Ministries

• Improve the perfromances & reduce risks

The guaranty of conformity and perfromnace of cold chain,

refrigeration and air conditionning

The refrigeration experts


Les activités du Cemafroid

Essais &

Étalonnages

Expertise &

Etudes Certification &

ADC

Inspection

Formation Service Public ATP

Produits de Santé –Industrie

Pharmaceutique

Transport -Automobile

Climatisation et réfrigération industrielle

Alimentaire –Industrie Agro Alimentaire –

Grande Distribution


Why refrigeration ?


І Refrigeratnts alternatives

Other refrigerants ? Example of transports….

HFC with lower GWP : R452A, R442A…

CO2

Hydrocarbons :R290… already tested

SOONNOW In the future…. Perhaps….

Still to be implemented

• Available on marine container

• Field test on the road

• Soon on the market

• Available for nearly all new units

• Drop-in of in service equipment


en 1928

Longue history of refrigerants…


І Technologies alternatives

Other technologies ? Example of transports

Liquid cryogeny : Nitrogen, carbon dioxyde

Sorption systems : absorption, adsorption,

thermochemical

Solid cryogeny : Carbon dioxyde


• The right temperature everywhere at any time :

continuity

• Connected refrigeration and Big Data :

connectivity

• From refrigeration systems construction to

temperature service

• Training people : capability

• Environmental performance

• Guaranty of conformity, safety, quality and performance

• Innovation and research in refrigeration

• Lets have a European vision !

Perspectives for industry


Thanks for your attention !

Gérald CAVALIERChairman

Cemafroid-TECNEAAFF president

IIF section D [email protected]

5, avenue des prés -94 266 Fresnes - France

Tel : +33 1 49 84 84 84

www.cemafroid.fr

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.cemafroid.fr/



Gerald Cavalier

What's next: how will the EU's 2050 Decarbonisation strategy help accompany these changes?

Francesco Ferioli

A Clean Planet for all

A European strategic

long term vision for a

prosperous, modern,

competitive and

climate neutral

economy

Political context

46

• Parties of the Paris Agreement to present long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies by 2020

• In October 2017 the European Parliament also invited the Commission "to prepare by COP24 a mid-century zero emissions strategy for the EU"

• In March 2018, European Council invited the Commission "to present by the first quarter of 2019 a proposal for a Strategy for long-term EU greenhouse gas emissions reduction".

• Regulation on Governance of the Energy Union calls on the Commission to present an EU long-term strategy by April 2019, including pathways that achieve net zero GHG emissions by 2050 and negative emissions thereafter

CLEAN ENERGY FOR ALL EUROPEANS

47

-1000

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

MtC

O2

eq

Non-CO2 other Non-CO2 Agriculture Residential

Transport Tertiary Industry

Power Carbon Removal Technologies LULUCF

Net emissions

All sectors have to contribute

GHG emissions trajectory in a 1.5°C scenario

48

Detailed assessment supported by scenario analysisLong Term Strategy Options

Electrification(ELEC)

Hydrogen(H2)

Power-to-X(P2X)

Energy Efficiency

(EE)

Circular Economy

(CIRC)Combination

(COMBO)

1.5°C Technical(1.5TECH)

1.5°C Sustainable Lifestyles

(1.5LIFE)

Main DriversElectrification in

all sectors

Hydrogen in industry,

transport and buildings

E-fuels in industry,

transport andbuildings

Pursuing deep energy efficiency

in all sectors

Increasedresource and

material efficiency

Cost-efficient combination of

options from 2°C scenarios

Based on COMBO with

more BECCS, CCS

Based on COMBO and

CIRC withlifestyle changes

GHG targetin 2050

-80% GHG (excluding sinks)[“well below 2°C” ambition]

-90% GHG (incl. sinks)

-100% GHG (incl. sinks)[“1.5°C” ambition]

Major Common Assumptions

Power sectorPower is nearly decarbonised by 2050. Strong penetration of RES facilitated by system optimization

(demand-side response, storage, interconnections, role of prosumers). Nuclear still plays a role in the power sector and CCS deployment faces limitations.

IndustryElectrification of

processes

Use of H2 in targeted

applications

Use of e-gas in targeted

applications

Reducing energy demand via

Energy Efficiency

Higher recycling rates, material substitution,

circular measuresCombination of

most Cost-efficient options

from “well below 2°C” scenarios with targeted application

(excluding CIRC)

COMBO but stronger

CIRC+COMBO but stronger

BuildingsIncreased

deployment of heat pumps

Deployment of H2 for heating

Deployment of e-gas for heating

Increasedrenovation rates

and depth

Sustainable buildings

CIRC+COMBO but stronger

Transport sector

Faster electrification for

all transport modes

H2 deployment for HDVs and

some for LDVs

E-fuels deployment for

all modes

Increased modal shift

Mobility as a service

• CIRC+COMBO but stronger

• Alternatives to air travel

Other DriversH2 in gas

distribution gridE-gas in gas

distribution grid

Limited enhancementnatural sink

• Dietary changes• Enhancement

natural sink

• Higher energy efficiency post 2030• Deployment of sustainable, advanced biofuels• Moderate circular economy measures• Digitilisation

• Market coordination for infrastructure deployment• BECCS present only post-2050 in 2°C scenarios• Significant learning by doing for low carbon technologies

• Significant improvements in the efficiency of the transport system.

Deployment of renewables

Primary energy in 2050 largely coming from renewable sources

49

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2016 2030 Baseline2050

Average of "wellbelow 2°C" scenarios

(-80% emissions)2050

Intermediary level ofambition

2050

Average of "1.5°C"scenarios (net zero

emissions)2050

Gross Inland Consumption

non-energy fossil fuels use solids fossil liquids natural gas nuclear e-liquids e-gas renewables

1639 Mtoe 1395 Mtoe 1239 Mtoe1255 Mtoe 1178 Mtoe 1192 Mtoe

50

• The projected renovation rate varies across scenarios

• Typically between 1.7-1.8% in the residential sector in and 1.5-1.6% in services (vs. around 1% today)

1,0%

1,2%

1,4%

1,6%

1,8%

2,0%

20

16-'

30

Ba

seli

ne

EE

CIR

C

ELE

C

H2

P2

X

CO

MB

O

1.5

TEC

H

1.5

LIFE

2031- '50

Ren

ova

tio

n r

ate

Residential

Services

Average yearly renovation rate

51

• Baseline 2050: 38% lower FEC in residential sector & 8% in services (compared to 2005)

• decarbonisation scenarios 2050: 40-60% reductions in residential and 20-40% reduction in services (despite increase of needs for appliances)

-100%-80%-60%-40%-20%

0%20%40%60%80%

100%

2030

Bas

elin

e EE

CIR

C

ELEC H

2

P2X

COM

BO

1.5T

ECH

1.5L

IFE

2030

Bas

elin

e EE

CIR

C

ELEC H

2

P2

X

COM

BO

1.5T

ECH

1.5L

IFE

Residential Services

com

pa

red

to 2

005

(%)

Appliances & lighting Heating & cooling Total energy

Evolution of the energy consumption in buildings in 2050

(compared to 2005)

52

• The share of electricity in final energy demand of services’ buildings: from 50% today to ~80% by 2050

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

20

15

20

30

Ba

seli

ne

EE

CIR

C

ELE

C

H2

P2

X

CO

MB

O

1.5

TEC

H

1.5

LIFE

2050

Services

Residential

Share of electricity in final energy demand buildings

53

• The share of electricity in heating: from 14% in 2030 to 22-44% in residential by 2050

• The trend is stronger in services: electricity share grows from 29% in 2030 to 44%-60% in 2050

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

20

15

20

30

Ba

seli

ne

EE

CIR

C

ELE

C

H2

P2

X

CO

MB

O

1.5

TEC

H

1.5

LIFE

2050

Services

Residential

Share of electricity in space heating in buildings

Investing in the future of Europe

additional investments in % of GDP

54

-0.50

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055 2060 2065 2070

% G

DP

ELEC H2 P2X EE

CIRC COMBO 1.5 TECH 1.5 LIFE

• Additional investment: 150-290 billion EUR/year (2030-2050)

• Higher investments for higher ambition

• Behaviors matters!

Increased Investment in the EU economy

55

• Modernising and decarbonising the EU's economy will stimulate significant additional investment

• From 2% of EU GDP invested in the energy system today to 2.8% (up to € 575 bn per annum) to achieve a net-zero greenhouse gas emissions economy

• Positive for growth and jobs, with GDP higher by up to 2% in 2050

• Co-benefits: energy imports down, public health, etc.

56

Thank you !

Backup slides

57

Next steps

58

• National Climate and Energy Plans under development. Together with stakeholders vision on 2050 will enrich the debate.

• Invitation to all the EU institutions to consider the EU vision.

• EU leaders to reflect on this in Sibiu summit, all relevant Council formations should hold policy debates in preparation.

• Societal debate in 2019 is key! In an open and inclusive manner with National Parliaments, business, non-governmental organisations, trade unions, cities and communities, as well as citizens and the youth.

• EU to adopt and submit an ambitious strategy by early 2020 to the UNFCCC as requested under the Paris Agreement.

• Show leadership and work with other parties to do the same.

59

Global dimension

• Open markets, a globalised world and multilateralism are a precondition to benefit from this transition domestically and globally.

• The EU's long-term strategy cannot be pursued in isolation. Role of energy and climate diplomacy but also other political dialogues, security and development cooperation.

• EU's position will change, prepare for geopolitical and geo-economic shifts with new and changed dependencies.

• Trade policy to promote uptake new technologies while defending our right to fair access to markets and critical raw materials.

• EU must take all necessary measures to safeguard and boost its own prospects for economic and social development.

• As the world's largest single market, EU's standards on products affect global markets, putting European companies at the forefront.

Overriding priorities for action

• Accelerate the clean energy transition

• Strengthen the central role of citizens and consumers

• Roll out carbon-free, connected and automated mobility

• Boost industrial competitiveness, ensure competitive markets

• Promote a sustainable bio-economy, safeguard our natural resources

• Strengthen infrastructure and make it climate proof

• Accelerate R&I and entrepreneurship on zero-carbon solutions

• Promote sustainable finance and investment

• Invest in human capital, education and training skills

• Align growth-enhancing policies (competition, labour, skills, cohesion, taxation, etc.) with energy and climate policies

• Fair transition, coordinate with Member States and regions

• Continue international collaboration, bring all on board, share knowledge60

61

Europe Today• The EU is about to

achieve its 2020 targets

• Targets for 2030 are agreed in EU law

• Business as usual means -45% GHG emissions in 2030 (vs. 1990)

• Without increasing ambition: -60% emissions in 2050

Increase in gross electricity generation compared to 2015

62

7 Building Blocks

1. Energy efficiency

2. Deployments of renewables

3. Infrastructure and inter-connections

4. Clean, safe & connected mobility

5. Competitive industry and circular economy

6. Bio-economy and natural carbon sinks

7. Tackle remaining emissions with carbon capture and storage

63

Energy imports

64

Cooling & refrigeration’s role in

fulfilling the EU’s 2050 pathway to

decarbonisation

Any questions?

Cooling & refrigeration’s role in fulfilling the EU’s 2050 ... · greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate

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