INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SUSTAINABLE PRODUCT MANAGEMENT Prof. Dr. Gerhard Vogel Mag. Jennifer Grundtner Institute of Technology and Sustainable Product management Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration Contribuitions for the EU Objective to achieve a decoupling of resource use from economic growth Immaterial consumption patterns - economically and ecologically viable solutions 15 th European Roundtable on Sustainable Consumption and Production (15 th ERSCP) May 3 rd , 2012, Bregenz, Austria
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
INST
ITU
TE O
F T
EC
HN
OLO
GY A
ND
SU
STA
INA
BLE P
RO
DU
CT M
AN
AG
EM
EN
T
Pro
f. D
r. G
erh
ard
Vogel
Mag. Je
nnifer
Gru
ndtn
er
Inst
itute
of
Tech
nolo
gy a
nd S
ust
ain
able
Pro
duct
managem
ent
Vie
nna U
niv
ers
ity o
f Eco
nom
ics
and B
usi
ness
Adm
inis
tration
Contr
ibuit
ions
for
the E
U O
bje
cti
ve t
o a
chie
ve a
decoupling o
f re
sourc
e u
se f
rom
econom
ic g
row
th
Imm
ate
rial consu
mpti
on p
att
ern
s -
econom
ically a
nd e
colo
gic
ally
via
ble
solu
tions
15
th E
uro
pean R
oundta
ble
on S
ust
ain
able
Consu
mptio
n a
nd P
roduct
ion
(1
5th E
RS
CP
)
May
3rd
, 2012,
Bre
genz,
Aust
ria
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
2
Exp
eri
en
ces o
f V
ien
na
- t
he
co
rrela
tio
n b
etw
een
In
co
me
an
d w
aste
ge
nera
tio
n
T
he D
evelo
pm
en
t o
f R
eal
Inco
mes (
GN
P/R
es)
an
d W
aste
Am
ou
nts
V
IEN
NA
, A
US
TR
IA 1
910
-19
95
0
2.0
00
.00
0
4.0
00
.00
0
6.0
00
.00
0
8.0
00
.00
0
in m
3
in
t
80
0.0
0
60
0.0
0
20
0.0
0
40
0.0
0
1913 =
94
1950 =
100
1994 =
465
GN
P / R
es (
real)
HH
Wa
ste
in
m
3
HH
W
as
te
in
t
Se
co
nd
ary
M
ate
rials
in
t
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
3
The lim
its
and o
pti
ons
for
recycling
as
a r
esu
lt o
f so
cio
-econom
ic r
ecycling a
cti
ons
of
the p
opula
tion
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
4
The u
nsu
stain
able
develo
pm
ent
of
tota
l house
hold
wast
e in A
UST
RIA
TIM
E
in
t
Wast
e
from
ho
use
ho
lds
an
d
sim
ilar
infr
a-
stru
ctu
res
Sep
ara
te
colle
cted
seco
nd
Ma
teria
ls
Dire
ctla
nd
fille
d
Tre
nd fo
rS
ust
.De
velo
pm
.
in t
Wast
e
from
ho
use
ho
lds
an
d
sim
ilar
infr
a-
stru
ctu
res
Sep
ara
te
colle
cted
seco
nd
Ma
teria
ls
Dire
ctla
nd
fille
d
in t
Wast
e
from
ho
use
ho
lds
an
d
sim
ilar
infr
a-
stru
ctu
res
Sep
ara
te
colle
cted
seco
nd
Ma
teria
ls
Dire
ctla
nd
fille
d
Tre
nd fo
rS
ust
.De
velo
pm
.
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
5
C
orr
ela
tio
n b
etw
ee
n a
fflu
en
ce
an
d w
as
te q
ua
nti
tie
s
Ber
lin
Budapes
t
Copenhag
en
Munic
h
Par
is
Sto
ckholm
Vie
nna
Zurich
Pu
rch
as
e p
ow
er
pa
rity
(P
PP
) in
20
05
(€
/in
h.a
)
Ho
us
eh
old
wa
ste
in 2
00
5(k
g/in
h.a
)
kg
of
ho
use
ho
ld w
ast
e
pe
r €
100 p
urc
ha
se
po
we
r
2005: 1.2
1
2001: 1.0
4
2005: 1.2
1
2001: 1.2
4
2005: 0.8
6
2001: 0.9
02005: 1.0
6
2001: 1.1
4
2005: 1.1
2
2001: 1.2
4
2005: 1.2
6
2001: 1.4
12005: 0.8
5
2001: 0.9
62005: 1.0
9
2001: 1.1
7
VO
GEL,
FRIE
DRIC
H,
KRYD
L:
Wast
e M
anagem
ent
in E
uro
pean C
itie
s; Inte
rnati
onal Com
pari
son o
f W
ast
e M
anagem
ent
Para
mete
rs,
Short
Vers
ion,
Publish
ed o
n B
ehalf
of
the C
ity o
f Vie
nna (
MD
48),
Vie
nna 2
008
There
are
dif
fere
nces
from
the 1
:1 c
orr
ela
tion
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
6
The H
iera
rchy o
f ele
ments
of
WM
syst
em
s
WA
STE M
INIM
ISATIO
N H
IERA
RCH
Y
PREVEN
TIO
N
qualita
tive
RED
UCTIO
N
PREVEN
TIO
N
qualita
tive
quanti
tati
ve
RED
UCTIO
N
quanti
tati
ve
Reuse
RECYCLIN
G
MATERIA
L
RECO
VERY
EN
ERG
Y
RECO
VERY
PRE-
TREATEM
EN
T
CO
MPAC
TIO
N
OF
RESID
UALS
OF
RESID
UALS
PRIM
ARY M
EA
SU
RES
SECO
ND
ARY M
EA
SU
RES
TERTIA
RY M
EA
SU
RES
C
HRO
NO
LO
GIC
AL
ORIE
NTATIO
N
PRIORITIES
RECO
VER
Y
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
7
Vie
nna b
ackgro
und o
f new
acti
vit
ies
pro
bable
develo
pm
ent
of
tota
l and H
H w
ast
e
wit
h a
nd w
ithout
wast
e p
reventi
on a
nd r
ecycling
Po
ssib
le d
ev
elo
pm
en
ts o
f to
tal w
aste
in
Vie
nn
a 2
000 -
2010
1.6
51
.21
2
1.7
78
.41
6
1.8
58
.43
5
2.19
5.65
4
1.55
9.08
1
1.4
00.0
00
1.6
00.0
00
1.8
00.0
00
2.0
00.0
00
2.2
00.0
00
2.4
00.0
00
2.0
00
20
10
in t
Be
st C
as
e
incl
Pre
v / R
ec
incl
so
me
Pre
v / R
ec
Wo
rst c
as
e
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
8
Vie
nna
Zu
sa
tzk
os
ten
be
st
/ c
as
e w
ors
t c
as
e
0
10.0
00
20.0
00
30.0
00
40.0
00
50.0
00
60.0
00
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
in 1
.000 €
Zusatz
koste
n b
ei
Um
setz
ung d
es
best
case 2
006
ZU
SA
TZ
KO
ST
EN
Ko
ste
nre
du
kti
on
du
rch
Ab
fall
ve
rrin
ge
run
g i
n
all
er
Zu
ku
nft
If m
easu
res
to a
void
/re
duce w
ast
e a
re e
ffecti
ve,
there
is
no n
eed f
or
addit
ional
financin
g f
or
capacit
y e
xpansi
on …
..
Po
ssib
le c
ost
re
du
ctio
n w
ith
wa
ste
re
du
ctio
n
Ad
diti
on
al c
ost
s w
ith
incr
ea
sin
g H
H w
ast
e
Ad
dit
ion
al c
os
ts b
es
t /
wo
rst
ca
se
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
9
The s
pace “
cost
reducti
on f
or
the f
utu
re” m
akes
cle
ar,
that
eff
ort
s to
ward
s pre
venti
on a
re p
rofi
table
.
Again
st t
his
backgro
und t
he V
ienna C
ity C
ouncil h
as
decid
ed
to s
upport
the a
cti
vit
ies
of
wast
e a
void
ance a
nd r
educti
on
wit
h 3
million €
per
year
for
a p
eri
od o
f te
n y
ears
.
Vie
nna
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
10
in:
Bein
g w
ise w
ith w
ast
e:
the E
U’s
appro
ach t
o w
ast
e m
anagem
ent,
Brü
ssel 2010,
p.5
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
11
The c
hange o
f dem
and a
t th
e P
OS
unsu
stain
able
syst
em
Ma
ss
Tim
e
Reso
urc
es
Em
issio
ns
Ma
ss
Tim
e
PR
OD
UC
-
TIO
N
DIS
TR
I-
BU
TIO
N
CO
N-
SU
ME
DIS
-
PO
SA
L
PO
S In
co
me
Tim
e
Dem
an
d f
or
pro
du
cts
Tim
e
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
12
The c
hange o
f dem
and a
t th
e P
OS
sust
ain
able
syst
em
Ma
ss
Tim
e
Reso
urc
es
Em
issio
ns
Ma
ss
Tim
e
PR
OD
UC
-
TIO
N
DIS
TR
I-
BU
TIO
N
CO
N-
SU
ME
DIS
-
PO
SA
L
PO
S
Inc
om
e Tim
e
De
ma
nd
fo
r
pro
du
cts
De
ma
nd
fo
r
ec
o p
rod
.
Dem
an
d im
m
se
rvic
es
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
13
Dis
trib
uti
on
of
cu
mu
lati
ve
in
co
me
su
bje
ct
to in
co
me
ta
x
of
em
plo
ye
d a
nd
re
tire
d p
eo
ple
Au
str
ia 1
99
5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
Ta
xa
ble
po
rtio
n o
f p
op
ula
tio
n in
%
Cumulative income before tax in %
5,3
62.0
17
99 b
n €
25
%5
0%
53
%
79
%
Ae
rea
of
IMM
AT
ER
IAL
Co
nsu
mp
tio
n
So
urce
KN
IES
Z, J
.: Lo
hnst
euer
stat
isti
k 19
96
, in:
Sta
tist
isch
e N
achr
icht
en, h
rsg
. vo
n Ö
ST
AT
, 53
(19
98
)6, S
.474
- 4
85
Ae
rea
of
RE
SO
UR
CE
-OP
TIM
AL
Co
nsu
mp
tio
n
Not
all p
art
icip
ants
are
involv
ed t
o t
he s
am
e e
xte
nt:
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
thE
RS
CP
14
“T
hey d
o n
ot
Know
“(a
ware
ness
)
“T
hey d
on’t
see w
hy” (
com
mit
ment)
“T
hey a
re n
ot
enable
d” (
faci
liti
es,
pro
duct
s, s
erv
ices)
T
hey d
o n
ot
reall
y f
eel
like!!
!
Isabella M
arr
as,
Div
isio
n o
f Te
chnolo
gy,
Indust
ry a
nd E
conom
ics
Cit
izens’
Parl
iam
ent
Sust
ain
able
consu
mpti
on,
Bru
ssels
14 M
arc
h 2
003
TH
E R
ICH
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
15
Was
te /
Res
so
urc
e-
co
nsu
mp
tio
n
Act
ual
deve
lopm
en
t
GN
P
Was
te /
Res
so
urc
e-
co
nsu
mp
tio
n
Act
ual
deve
lopm
en
t
GN
P
The u
nsu
stain
able
solu
tion
The d
irect
corr
ela
tion b
etw
een G
NP a
nd r
ess
ourc
e c
onsu
mpti
on /
Wast
e g
enera
tion
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
16
The s
ust
ain
able
solu
tions
Op
tions
of dem
ate
rialis
atio
n
GN
P
Was
te /
Res
so
urc
e-
co
nsu
mp
tio
n
Op
tions
of dem
ate
rialis
atio
n
GN
P
Was
te /
Res
so
urc
e-
co
nsu
mp
tio
n
Op
tio
ns o
f im
ma
teria
lisa
tion
Was
te /
Res
so
urc
e-
co
nsu
mp
tio
n
GN
P
Op
tio
ns o
f im
ma
teria
lisa
tion
Was
te /
Res
so
urc
e-
co
nsu
mp
tio
n
GN
P
bett
er
for
Decoupling
Slight
decoupling
Str
ong d
ecoupling
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
17
Dem
ate
rialisa
tion
avoid
or
reduce t
he u
se o
f re
sourc
es
and t
he g
enera
tion o
f w
ast
e,
esp
ecia
lly t
oxic
and h
arm
ful su
bst
ances
(qualita
tive a
spect)
,
mate
rial or
energ
y c
onsu
mpti
on (
quanti
tati
ve a
spect)
,
in t
he s
tage o
f
•pro
duct
desi
gn,
•pro
ducti
on,
•sa
le s
yst
em
s,
•consu
mpti
on
•dis
posa
l sy
stem
s,
inclu
din
g t
ransp
ort
at
all s
tages.
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
18
Dem
ate
rialisa
tion
•by r
educin
g t
he m
ate
rial and e
nerg
y c
onsu
mpti
on
for
each s
pecif
ic f
uncti
on u
nit
of
goods
and s
erv
ices
e.g
. eco-d
esi
gn o
f
• p
roducts
,
• p
roducti
on-
• t
ransp
ort
-,
• p
ackagin
g –
pro
cess
es
•by m
ark
ing p
roducts
as
eco-f
riendly
and m
oti
vati
ng c
onsu
mers
to incre
ase
their
dem
and f
or
such p
roducts
(e.g
. eco labellin
g,
eco m
oti
vati
on,
eco a
dvert
isin
g,
etc
.)
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
19
Dem
ate
rialisa
tion
•by inte
nsi
fyin
g t
he m
ult
iple
use
of
goods
(renta
l or
leasi
ng inst
ead o
f purc
hase
, pro
duct
shari
ng,
etc
.)
•by t
he p
urc
hase
of
envir
onm
enta
lly f
riendly
pro
ducts
, re
cycle
d p
roducts
, etc
.
•by p
roduct
leasi
ng o
r se
llin
g s
erv
ices
inst
ead
of
sellin
g /
buyin
g p
roducts
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
20
Waste
pre
v.
Waste
min
. R
ate
D
e-
Vie
nn
a´s
20th
Dis
tric
t S
tart
E
nd
W
aste
red
uct.
of
waste
pre
v./
red
. m
ate
rial.
-
rati
o
in k
g/ In
h.a
in
kg
/ In
h.a
in
kg
/ In
h.a
in
%
HH
waste
m
ass
se
c. m
ate
r.
plu
s r
es
idu
al
wa
ste
212
180
3
2
15,1
1,2
PR
OJE
CT
Wast
e M
inim
izati
on p
ilot
pro
ject
Vie
nna 1
990 /
1992
dir
ect
measu
red
Dem
ate
rialisa
tion Exam
ple
s of A
ust
ria
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
21
Experience
s of
Vie
nna
Inte
rdependence o
f com
modit
y o
ffer
and w
ast
e r
educti
on
Dem
ate
rialisa
tion Exam
ple
s of A
ust
ria
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
22
Ex
pe
rie
nce
s o
f V
ien
na
19
34
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Po
pu
lati
on
of
Vie
nn
a
20th
Dis
tric
t S
tart
20th
Dis
tric
t a
fte
r
on
e y
ear
Resu
lts
of
waste
pre
ven
tio
n t
rial
20th
dis
tric
t 1
990/1
991
-15
%
Dem
ate
rialis
ation
Exam
ple
s of
Aust
ria
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
23
Imm
ate
rialisa
tion
Measu
res
tow
ard
s su
stain
able
develo
pm
ent
befo
re/at/
aft
er
the p
oin
t of
sale
(PO
S)
Avoid
ing o
r re
ducin
g t
he input
of
reso
urc
es
and t
he p
roducti
on o
f w
ast
e b
y
changin
g p
ublic c
onsu
mpti
on p
att
ern
s
• f
rom
a lif
est
yle
whic
h is
focuse
d o
n t
he p
urc
hase
and u
se o
f as
m
any p
roducts
, com
modit
ies
and s
erv
ices
as
poss
ible
wit
h
hig
h r
eso
urc
e c
onsu
mpti
on
• t
o a
lif
est
yle
whic
h is
focuse
d o
n t
he p
urc
hase
of
only
pro
ducts
that
sa
tisf
y t
he b
asi
c n
eeds
as
well a
s se
rvic
es
in t
he f
ield
s of
• c
ult
ure
• h
ealt
h
• e
ducati
on &
tra
inin
g
• s
ocia
l se
rvic
es
and
• o
ther
leis
ure
acti
vit
ies
such a
s sp
ort
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
24
Imm
ate
rial consu
mpti
on
is t
here
fore
defi
ned a
s th
e d
em
and f
or
serv
ices
whic
h r
equir
e less
mate
rial re
sourc
e input
(raw
mate
rials
, fu
els
),
have a
low
envir
onm
enta
l im
pact
(em
issi
on,
wast
e),
are
(su
stain
ably
) benefi
cia
l
•to
healt
h,
•so
cia
l com
pete
nce,
•w
ellbein
g,
cult
ure
,
•m
ora
lity
and
•m
oti
vati
on o
f in
div
idual consu
mers
and
•to
public w
elf
are
,
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
25
Imm
ate
rial consu
mpti
on
•cre
ate
(qualifi
ed)
jobs
(at
local le
vel)
,
•and "
trig
ger"
the s
pre
ad o
f a c
ult
ure
•dom
inate
d b
y im
mate
rial consu
mpti
on.
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
thE
RS
CP
26
Exam
ple
s in
cre
asi
ng t
he d
em
and f
or
imm
ate
rial se
rvic
es
Aim
s at
•edif
icati
on
•appre
cia
tion
•w
ell-b
ein
g
•delight
•ple
asu
re
Imm
ate
rial Consu
mpti
on
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
thE
RS
CP
27
Imm
ate
rial C
onsu
mpti
on
•D
em
and f
or
imm
ate
rial c
onsu
mpti
on
can q
uasi
incre
ase
indefi
nit
ely
•w
ithout
dam
age t
he E
nvir
onm
ent
and o
veru
se t
he R
eso
urc
es
•The n
ew
Consu
mpti
on-p
hiloso
phy is
still unpaved
•st
art
ing w
ith t
he lackin
g im
agin
ati
on o
f pro
per
exam
ple
s
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
thE
RS
CP
28
Exam
ple
s in
cre
asi
ng t
he d
em
and f
or
imm
ate
rial se
rvic
es
and e
col.
Pro
ducts
Imm
ate
rial consu
mpti
on –
dem
and o
n e
valu
ati
on
For
an inte
gra
l ass
ess
ment
esp
ecia
lly f
or
the c
ontr
ibuti
on f
or
sust
ain
able
develo
pm
ent:
• U
se o
f ti
me a
nd incom
e
• incre
asi
ng j
obs
• e
nerg
y-c
onsu
mpti
on
• r
eso
urc
e-c
onsu
mpti
on
• t
he d
am
age o
f envir
onm
ent
• w
ast
e-r
educti
on
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
29
Imm
ate
rial consu
mpti
on –
dem
and o
n e
valu
ati
on
OP
TIM
AL
IMM
AT
ER
IAL
CO
NS
UM
PT
ION
012345678910
FIN
AN
CE
BU
DG
ET
LE
ISU
RE
TIM
E B
UD
GE
T
JO
B IN
TS
ITY
EN
ER
GY
SA
VIN
GR
ES
OU
RC
E S
AV
ING
SA
VIN
G E
NV
IR. D
AM
AG
E
WA
ST
E -
RE
DU
CT
ION
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
30
Imm
ate
rial
consu
mpti
on –
dem
and o
n e
valu
ati
on
MA
GIC
-FL
UT
E
0246810
FIN
AN
CE
BU
DG
ET
LE
ISU
RE
TIM
E B
UD
GE
T
JO
B IN
TS
ITY
EN
ER
GY
SA
VIN
GR
ES
OU
RC
E S
AV
ING
SA
VIN
G E
NV
IR. D
AM
AG
E
WA
ST
E -
RE
DU
CT
ION
SP
OR
T-
CA
R
02468
10
FIN
AN
CE
BU
DG
ET
LE
ISU
RE
TIM
E B
UD
GE
T
JO
B IN
TS
ITY
EN
ER
GY
SA
VIN
GR
ES
OU
RC
E S
AV
ING
SA
VIN
G E
NV
IR. D
AM
AG
E
WA
ST
E -
RE
DU
CT
ION
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
31
Wast
e a
nd r
eso
urc
es
from
Euro
peans
in k
g/i
nh.a
Sourc
e :
Wuppert
al In
stit
ute
2002,
in:
ARC:
Reso
urc
e a
nd W
ast
e M
anagem
ent,
Bru
ssels
, 4
th J
une 2
003
500 k
g m
unic
ipal w
ast
e
3,5
00 k
g t
ota
l w
ast
e
50,0
00 k
g r
eso
urc
es
93%
of
mate
rials
use
d in p
roducti
on d
o n
ot
end u
p in s
ale
able
pro
ducts
munic
ipal w
ast
e “
genera
tes”
1:1
00 r
eso
urc
e c
onsu
mpti
on
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
32
Dip
lom
a t
hesi
s (D
TSP)
com
pari
son o
f fi
tness
centr
es
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
33
Dip
lom
a t
hesi
s (D
TSP)
com
pari
son o
f fi
tness
centr
es
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
34
Dip
lom
a t
hesi
s (D
TSP)
com
pari
son o
f fi
tness
centr
es
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
35
Dip
lom
a t
hesi
s (D
TSP)
com
pari
son o
f fi
tness
centr
es
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
36
Exp
en
ses o
f 100€ i
n F
ITN
ES
SM
ari
a W
en
igC
lub
Dan
ub
eM
an
hatt
an
Kie
ser
Consu
mptio
n o
f le
isure
tim
e in
h2,8
22
9,2
10,5
Tim
e o
f em
plo
yees
in h
2,5
1,5
1,2
1,8
Mate
rialc
onsu
mptio
n in
kg
00,0
80,0
50,3
5
Energ
yconsu
mptio
n in
kW
h4
68
34
28
Wate
rconsu
mptio
n in
l6
750
199
264
Wast
egenera
tion in
kg
0,0
61,2
90,2
70,1
8
CO
2-E
mis
sions
in k
g0,1
9,9
36,7
73,8
5
Socia
l and r
eso
urc
e-e
conom
ic d
ata
on im
mate
rial consu
mpti
on f
rom
Vie
nna's
FIT
NESS s
ecto
r
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
37
Socia
l and r
eso
urc
e-e
conom
ic d
ata
on im
mate
rial consu
mpti
on f
rom
Vie
nna's
FIT
NESS s
ecto
r
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
38
Socia
l and r
eso
urc
e-e
conom
ic d
ata
on im
mate
rial consu
mpti
on f
rom
Low
er
Aust
ria’s
SPA s
ecto
r
Exp
en
ses o
f 100€ i
n S
PA
VIS
ITH
eil
therm
eR
öm
erb
ad
Gri
mm
ing
Consu
mptio
n o
f le
isure
tim
e in
h40
21,0
526,6
7
Tim
e o
f em
plo
yees
in h
3,7
11,3
41,6
1
Mate
rialc
onsu
mptio
n in
kg
0,1
50,1
20,1
1
Energ
yconsu
mptio
n in
kW
h132
112,2
166,9
3
Wate
rconsu
mptio
n in
l840
3347,3
71040
Wast
egenera
tion in
kg
1,6
k.A
.k.
A.
CO
2-E
mis
sions
in k
g24,5
920,6
314,1
1
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
39
Socia
l and r
eso
urc
e-e
conom
ic d
ata
on im
mate
rial consu
mpti
on f
rom
Low
er
Vie
nna’s
CO
SM
ET
IC s
ecto
r
Exp
en
ses o
f 100€ i
n C
OS
ME
TIC
SL
a L
un
aM
ari
sa
Sh
an
no
nIn
aG
an
zh
eit
B.I
sla
nd
Consu
mptio
n o
f le
isure
tim
e in
h2,1
42,3
33,5
72,1
33,1
31,4
9
Tim
e o
f em
plo
yees
in h
1,6
55,1
29,7
11,8
911,7
82,3
4
Mate
rialc
onsu
mptio
n in
kg
0,0
30,0
10,0
50,0
20,0
30,0
2
Energ
yconsu
mptio
n in
kW
h24,3
821,9
619,3
12
11,6
311,4
1
Wast
egenera
tion in
kg
0,2
11,6
11,9
11,6
60,0
70,2
6
CO
2-E
mis
sions
in k
g3,2
60,9
61,6
31,9
81,3
12,2
5
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
40
Socia
l and r
eso
urc
e-e
conom
ic d
ata
on im
mate
rial consu
mpti
on f
rom
Vie
nna's
CO
SM
ET
IC s
ecto
r
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
41
Socia
l and r
eso
urc
e-e
conom
ic d
ata
on im
mate
rial consu
mpti
on f
rom
Low
er
Vie
nna’s
CIN
EM
A s
ecto
r
Exp
en
ses o
f 100€ i
n C
INE
MA
Ad
mir
al
BS
LG
lori
ett
eM
eg
ap
lex
Consu
mptio
n o
f le
isure
tim
e in
h28,5
18,7
22,2
27,2
Tim
e o
f em
plo
yees
in h
2,2
14,5
8,6
0,8
Mate
rialc
onsu
mptio
n in
kg
0,0
20,1
10,1
10,1
6
Energ
yconsu
mptio
n in
kW
h25,0
8112,7
639,9
638,6
2
Wast
egenera
tion in
kg
0,1
40,1
60,0
60,1
3
CO
2-E
mis
sions
in k
g5,7
25,0
58,8
811,4
2
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
42
Socia
l and r
eso
urc
e-e
conom
ic d
ata
on im
mate
rial consu
mpti
on f
rom
Vie
nna's
CIN
EM
A s
ecto
r
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
43
Socia
l and r
eso
urc
e-e
conom
ic d
ata
on im
mate
rial consu
mpti
on
Com
pari
sm b
etw
een m
ate
rial and im
mate
rial consu
mpti
on p
att
ern
s
Vie
nnese
Data
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
44
Sati
sfacti
on o
f cust
om
er
needs
per
gain
fully e
mplo
yed p
ers
on
1 m
ass
eur
1 e
mplo
yee a
t th
e p
rinting m
ach
ine
68
1
,54
6
Impact
of
incre
ase
d d
em
and f
or
indiv
idual
imm
ate
rial
consu
mpti
on s
erv
ices
on t
he labour
mark
et
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
45
in %
tota
l
1.7
31.4
40
117.3
14
68
255
234.6
29
68
509
351.9
43
68
764
469.2
58
68
1.0
18
586.5
72
68
1.2
73
6103.8
86
68
1.5
28
7121.2
01
68
1.7
82
8138.5
15
68
2.0
37
9155.8
30
68
2.2
92
10
173.1
44
68
2.5
46
New
co
nsu
mers
Vie
nn
a
Po
pu
lati
on
Co
nsu
mers
per
Jo
bN
ew
Jo
bs
Impact
of
incre
ase
d d
em
and f
or
indiv
idual
imm
ate
rial
consu
mpti
on s
erv
ices
on t
he labour
mark
et
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
46
Tic
ket
for
Volk
stheate
r (g
round f
loor,
ro
ws
2 -
4)
Calc
ula
tion:
77 €
/ 2
4.5
€= 3
.14 t
heate
r ti
ckets
Consu
mers
decic
ion
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
47
Vie
nn
a‘s
Pro
jec
t 2
00
3
Att
em
pt
to c
han
ge
th
e s
hop
pin
g a
nd
usin
g b
eh
avio
ur
of
com
moditie
s a
nd s
erv
ices
as w
ell
as t
o c
han
ge
th
e life
sty
le to
wa
rds im
ma
teria
l co
nsu
mp
tio
n
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
48
Pre
ven
tio
n P
roje
ct
– i
n t
wo
are
as:
mo
dern
fla
ts
on
e f
am
ily h
ou
ses
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
49
PR
OM
OT
ION
for
imm
ate
rial
serv
ices
Exam
ple
of
a t
oken f
or
mass
age E
XP
ER
IEN
CE
S F
RO
M A
US
TR
IA
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
50
Part
icip
ati
on 4
month
s’ p
eri
od
HH
in
OL
61
36
%2
3%
HH
in
VG
26
93
2%
23
%
pati
cip
ati
on
:
nu
mb
er
of
token
s
in %
of
HH
to
tal
Part
icip
ati
on
of
HH
in %
H
H t
ota
lT
est
Are
a
Nu
mb
er
of
HH
to
tal
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
51
TA
RG
ET
: In
cre
asin
g t
he
sh
are
of
imm
ate
ria
l co
nsu
mp
tio
n
Curr
ent
situ
ation in A
USTRIA
EX
PE
RIE
NC
ES
OF
AU
ST
RIA
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
thE
RS
CP
52
TARG
ET:
Incr
easi
ng t
he s
hare
of
imm
ate
rial co
nsu
mption
In fu
ture
FU
RT
HE
R
IMM
AT
ER
IAL
CO
NS
UM
PT
ION
18
%
FU
RT
HE
R
MA
TE
RIA
L
CO
NS
UM
PT
ION
82
%
FU
RT
HE
R
IMM
AT
ER
IAL
CO
NS
UM
PT
ION
18
%
20 -
30%
80 -
70%
3rd
May
2012
ITS
PM
P
rof.
Vo
ge
l
15
th E
RS
CP
53
TA
RG
ET
: In
cre
asin
g t
he
sh
are
of
imm
ate
ria
l co
nsu
mp
tio
n
Ø18%
to 5
0%
Ba
sic
nee
ds o
f m
ate
ria
l g
oo
ds (
food
,
clo
thin
g,
infr
astr
uctu
re)
Fu
rth
er
imm
ate
ria
l and
ma
teria
l co
nsu
mptio
n
IMA
TE
RIA
L
MA
TE
RIA
L
„re
so
urc
e-
frie
nd
ly“
„resourc
e-
frie
ndly
“
Pu
re
INST
ITU
TE O
F T
EC
HN
OLO
GY A
ND
SU
STA
INA
BLE P
RO
DU
CT M
AN
AG
EM
EN
T
Pro
f. D
r. G
erh
ard
Vogel
Mag. Je
nnifer
Gru
ndner
Inst
itute
of
Tech
nolo
gy a
nd S
ust
ain
able
Pro
duct
managem
ent
Vie
nna U
niv
ers
ity o
f Eco
nom
ics
and B
usi
ness
Adm
inis
tration
Augass
e 2
- 6
, A -
1090 W
ien,
Aust
ria,
Tel. +
43 1
313 3
6 4
809,
Fax. +
43 1
313 3
6 7
06,
Mobil
Phone:
+43 6
64 1
3 2
7 9
43
E-M
ail:
gvogel@
wu.a
c.at
jgru
ndtn
er@
wu.a
c.at
htt
p:/
/ww
w.w
u.a
c.at/
itnp
ITN
P
Th
an
k yo
u f
or
you
r a
tte
ntio
n
Related Documents
