Contents Unit 12 Overview Lesson 12.1:Lesson 12.1: Adjectives and Proper AdjectivesAdjectives and Proper Adjectives Lesson 12.2:Lesson 12.2: Articles.

ContentsUnit 12 Overview

Lesson 12.1: Adjectives and Proper Adjectives

Lesson 12.2: Articles and Demonstratives

Lesson 12.3: Adjectives That Compare

Lesson 12.4: Special Adjectives That Compare

Grammar Review

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Unit Overview 1

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• To identify adjectives in sentences and to capitalize proper adjectives

• To recognize and apply usage rules for articles, demonstrative adjectives, and demonstrative pronouns

• To use and correctly spell comparative and superlative forms of adjectives

• To use vivid adjectives correctly in writing

Unit Objectives

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Lesson 1-1• To identify adjectives and the words they

modify in sentences


• To demonstrate control over the rules of capitalization for proper adjectives

Objectives

Lesson 1-2


• The words that we use to describe people, places, and things are called adjectives.

• An adjective is a word that describes a noun or a pronoun.

• Adjectives describe, or modify, nouns in three ways.

Adjectives and Proper Adjectives

Lesson 1-3


• Most adjectives come before the nouns they modify.

• Sometimes adjectives follow linking verbs and modify the subject, as in the example below.

– These inventions are important.

Adjectives and Proper Adjectives (cont.)

• These adjectives are called predicate adjectives.

Lesson 1-4


• Some adjectives are formed from proper nouns and begin with capital letters.

• These are called proper adjectives. • Proper adjectives are adjectives formed

from proper nouns. • Proper adjectives often have the same

form as the nouns. • Others are formed by adding endings to

the noun forms.


Lesson 1-5FORMING PROPER ADJECTIVES

PROPER NOUN PROPER ADJECTIVE Oranges from Florida Florida oranges A symphony by Mozart A Mozart symphony Food from Italy Italian food


Lesson 1-6Underline each adjective. Then circle the noun or pronoun it describes. If it is a predicate adjective, label it P.A.

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1. Young Gandhi studied at a small school in India.

2. He later lived for a while in busy London.

3. Sometimes Gandhi was homesick.

4. Gandhi heard the truth of an inner voice.

5. He was courageous and purposeful.

P.A.

Exercise 1 Identifying Adjectives

P.A. P.A.

1. Victoria was a famous ruler in english history.

2. She was the energetic granddaughter of George III.

3. Victoria was the english queen from 1837 to 1901.

4. Victoria was also the queen of the scottish and welsh people.

5. During that time, Britain built a colonial empire.

Scottish

Lesson 1-7


Exercise 2 Identifying Proper Adjectives

Underline each adjective. Then circle the noun it describes. Capitalize each proper adjective.

English

English

Welsh

Lesson 1 CloseLook through your previous writing assignments to check capitalization of proper adjectives.

Close

End of Lesson 1


• To recognize and understand the roles of articles, demonstrative adjectives, and demonstrative pronouns

Lesson 2-1


• To use articles and demonstratives correctly in sentences

Objectives

Lesson 2-2


• The words a, an, and the are special kinds of adjectives.

• They are called articles.

• The points to a specific item or items.

• A and an refer to any one item of a group. • Use a before words that begin with a

consonant sound.

• Use an before words that begin with a vowel sound.

Articles and Demonstratives

Lesson 2-3Articles and Demonstratives (cont.)

– William Shakespeare is the most famous English playwright.

– Getting a lead role in a Shakespeare play is an honor.

Lesson 2-4


Articles and Demonstratives (cont.)

• The words this, that, these, and those are called demonstrative adjectives.

• They are used to point out something. – Take this umbrella with you.

– That store is closed.

– Take these boots also.

– Those clouds are lovely.

• Use this and that with singular nouns.

• Use these and those with plural nouns.

Lesson 2-5



• Use this and these to point out something that is close to you.

• Use that and those to point out something that is far from you.

Lesson 2-6



• Demonstratives can be used with nouns or without them.

• When used alone, they are called demonstrative pronouns.

– This is mine.

– These are for you.

Lesson 2-7


Exercise 3 Using Articles

For each sentence, underline the correct article.

1. William Shakespeare was (an, the) English playwright.

2. Was he (a, the) greatest writer of all time?

3. (A, The) town of Stratford-on-Avon was his birthplace.

4. Shakespeare was (a, an) country boy.

5. He was (a, an) poet and (a, an) actor.

Lesson 2-8


Exercise 4 Using Demonstratives

For each sentence, underline the correct demonstrative word.

1. (This, That) biography I’m holding is about Florence Nightingale.

2. (This, These) woman dreamed of being a nurse.

3. Her friends encouraged (that, those) dream.

4. (That, Those) sick soldiers lacked expert care.

5. (This, These) injustice created great concern.

Lesson 2-9Exercise 5 Writing Sentences with Demonstratives

Write a pair of sentences for each of these words: this, that, these, and those. In one sentence of each pair, use the word as a demonstrative adjective. In the other, use it as a demonstrative pronoun. One sample pair has been provided.

These boots are too small. (demonstrative adjective)

These will fit you. (demonstrative pronoun)

Lesson 2 CloseExplain to the class in your own words the rules for using articles and demonstratives.

Close

End of Lesson 2


• To identify comparative and superlative forms of adjectives

Lesson 3-1


• To use comparative and superlative adjectives correctly in sentences

Objectives

Lesson 3-2


• You can use adjectives to compare two or more nouns.

• The comparative form of an adjective compares two things or people.

• For most adjectives of one syllable, form the comparative by adding er.

• For most adjectives of two or more syllables, form the comparative by using more before the adjective.

Adjectives That Compare

– Is Venezuela larger than Peru?

– Is Argentina more beautiful than Ecuador?

Lesson 3-3


• The superlative form of an adjective compares more than two things or people.

• For most adjectives of one syllable, form the superlative by adding est.

• For most adjectives of two or more syllables, form the superlative by using most before the adjective.

Adjectives That Compare (cont.)

– Is Brazil the richest country in South America?

– Simón Bolívar was one of South America’s most successful generals.

Lesson 3-4


Adjectives That Compare (cont.)

• Do not use more or most before adjectives that already are in the comparative or superlative form.

Lesson 3-5


Write the correct comparative or superlative form of the adjective in parentheses.

Exercise 6 Using the Comparative and Superlative Forms

1. Simón Bolívar is one of the (great) heroes of South America.

2. He was (successful) as an older man than as a younger man.

3. The general was (wise) than before about the struggle.

4. Simón Bolívar was one of the (loyal) of patriots.

5. The general cherished the (important) dream of all.

greatest

more successful

wiser

most loyal

most important

Lesson 3-6Exercise 7 Writing Sentences to Show Comparison

Write five sentences that make comparisons. After each sentence, identify the comparison as in the comparative or superlative form. A sample sentence has been provided.

The dancers needed longer rehearsals. (comparative)

Lesson 3 CloseCreate posters illustrating rules for using comparative and superlative forms of adjectives.

Close

End of Lesson 3


• To identify and correctly use irregular comparative and superlative forms of adjectives

Lesson 4-1


• To demonstrate control over the spelling of irregular comparative and superlative adjectives

Objectives

• The comparative and superlative forms of some adjectives are not formed in the regular manner.

Lesson 4-2


• In the sentences above, better is the comparative form of the adjective good.

• Best is the superlative form of good.

Special Adjectives That Compare

– Harriet Tubman believed in a good cause.

– She knew that freedom was better than slavery.

– The Underground Railroad was the best route to freedom.

Lesson 4-3


• Do not use more or most before irregular adjectives that are already in the comparative or superlative form.

Special Adjectives That Compare (cont.)

– Tubman felt better at the end of the day. [not more better]

Lesson 4-4


Identify the form of each underlined adjective as comparative or superlative. Then write the adjective from which it was formed.

Exercise 8 Identifying the Comparative and Superlative Forms

1. Martin Luther King Jr. wanted a better life for all Americans.

2. His best speeches inspired people.

3. He worked hard on his better speeches.

4. There were more people in his audience near the end of his life than there had been in the beginning.

5. King paid less attention to his critics than to his supporters.

comparative–good

superlative–good

comparative–good

comparative–many

comparative–little

Lesson 4-5


Exercise 9 Using the Comparative and Superlative Forms

Write the correct comparative or superlative form of the adjectives in parentheses.

1. After her husband’s death, Eleanor Roosevelt did even (much) work than before.

2. Mrs. Roosevelt’s newspaper column was (good) than many other newspaper columns.

3. She gave her (good) efforts to the United Nations.

4. Perhaps she did her (good) work of all in the cause of peace.

5. Which of her speeches is the (good)?

more

better

best

best

best

Lesson 4 CloseCheck a previous writing assignment to make sure that any irregular comparative or superlative adjectives were used correctly.

Close

End of Lesson 4


Contents Unit 12 Overview Lesson 12.1:Lesson 12.1: Adjectives and Proper AdjectivesAdjectives and Proper Adjectives Lesson 12.2:Lesson 12.2: Articles.

Documents

proper adjectives cont

demonstrative adjectives

predicate adjectives

special adjectives

vivid adjectives

proper nouns

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