Section 1: Basic Surgical Principles and Perioperative Management 1. Clinical Approach to Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical Patients 3 Case History 4 Chief Complaint 4 History of the Present Illness 4 Medical History 4 Social History 5 Family History 5 Review of Systems 6 Examination of the Patient—General Procedure 6 Vital Signs 6 Craniofacial Region Examination 7 Facial Structures 8 Lips 8 Cheeks 8 Maxillary and Mandibular Mucobuccal Folds 8 Hard Palate and Soft Palate 8 Tongue 8 Floor of the Mouth 8 Gingivae 9 Teeth and Periodontium 9 Tonsils and Oropharynx 9 Salivary Glands 9 Neck and Lymph Nodes 10 2. Preoperative Care and Evaluation 12 Preoperative Evaluation 12 Systemic assessment 14 3. Principles of Postoperative Care 22 Postoperative Care 22 4. Postoperative Complications and Management 27 Pulmonary Complications 31 Ophthalmological Complications 35 5. Medically Compromised Patient Preparation for Maxillofacial Surgery 36 Cardiovascular System 36 Diabetes mellitus 38 Contents
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Section 1: Basic Surgical Principles and Perioperative Management
1. Clinical Approach to Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical Patients 3 � Case History 4 � Chief Complaint 4 � History of the Present Illness 4 � Medical History 4 � Social History 5 � Family History 5 � Review of Systems 6 � Examination of the Patient—General Procedure 6 � Vital Signs 6 � Craniofacial Region Examination 7 � Facial Structures 8 � Lips 8 � Cheeks 8 � Maxillary and Mandibular Mucobuccal Folds 8 � Hard Palate and Soft Palate 8 � Tongue 8 � Floor of the Mouth 8 � Gingivae 9 � Teeth and Periodontium 9 � Tonsils and Oropharynx 9 � Salivary Glands 9 � Neck and Lymph Nodes 10
2. Preoperative Care and Evaluation 12 � Preoperative Evaluation 12 � Systemic assessment 14
3. Principles of Postoperative Care 22 � Postoperative Care 22
7. Neurological Consequences Associated with Maxillofacial Injury 55 � Pathophysiology 55 � Classification of Head Injuries 55 � Primary Assessment 57 � Secondary Assessment 57 � Neurological Examination 59 � Cranial Nerves Examination 59 � Examination of Motor System 60 � Examination of Sensory System 60 � Imaging 61 � Unconscious Patient 61 � Critical Care in Head Injury 61 � Contribution of Neurosurgeon in Trauma Team 61
8. Maxillofacial Trauma: First 24 Hours in Intensive Care Unit 62 � Intensive Care Unit 62 � Prioritization 62 � Case Presentation 68
9. Basic Principles for the Management of Maxillofacial Trauma 75 � Approach to a suspected fracture 75 � Reduction 78 � Fixation 79 � Titanium Miniplates 80 � Newer Development in Osteosynthesis 82 � Locking Plates 83
Prelims.indd 14 04-05-2013 17:58:25
xvContents
10. Dentoalveolar Fractures 85 � Etiology 85
11. Mid-facial Fractures 88 � Surgical Anatomy 88 � Classification 88 � Maxillary Fracture Management 91 � Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fractures 95 � Treatment Indications for Surgery 98 � Timing of Surgery 98 � Surgical Approaches 98 � Open Reduction Techniques 99 � Fixation V/S Nonfixation 99 � Direct Fixation Techniques 99 � Indirect Fixation 99 � NasoEthmoidal Orbital fracture 99 � Nasal Fractures 102 � Orbital Blowout Fractures 103 � Clinical Cases 109 � Zygomatic Arch Fracture Right Side 113
15. Maxillofacial Trauma: Case Presentation 135 � Case number 1 135 � Case Number 2 136 � Case Number 3 139 � Case Number 4 141 � Case Number 5 142 � Case Number 6 144 � Case Number 7 144 � Case Number 8 144 � Case Number 9 145 � Case Number 10 145
Section 3: Carcinomas of Oral Cavity16. Examination of an Ulcer 149
� Parts of an Ulcer 149 � Classification 150 � History 151 � Differential Diagnosis 151 � Causes of Oral Ulcers 152 � Biopsy 153 � Intraosseous or Hard Tissue Biopsy Technique and Surgical Principles 157
17. Cancer Biology 158 � Modes of Tumor Spread 158 � Process of Bone Metastasis 160 � Biology of Invasion and Metastasis 161
18. Surgical Treatment Plan for Oral and Maxillofacial Cancers 166 � Epidemiology 166 � TNM Definitions 166 � Management 167 � Maxillary Approach 168
19. Management of Neck in Oral and Maxillofacial Carcinoma 179 � History 179 � Anatomical Divisions 179 � Various Incisions for Neck Dissection 182 � Sentinel Node Biopsy 184 � Classification of Neck Dissections 184 � Comprehensive Neck Dissection 184 � Selective Neck Dissection (SND) 189
Prelims.indd 16 04-05-2013 17:58:26
xviiContents
20. Role of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy in Oral and Maxillofacial Carcinoma 191
� Biological Response Modifiers 194 � General Principles in the Treatment of Cancers 194 � Components of Chemotherapy 194 � Case Study 197 � Panoramic Radiograph 198 � Etiology 200 � Pathogenesis 200 � Classification 200 � Revised European-American Lymphoma [REAL] 201 � Recommended Procedure for Staging 202 � Spread of Oral Lymphoma 202 � Treatment Options 202 � Chemotherapy 202 � Roles of Radiotherapy 202
21. Reconstructive Options in Oral and Maxillofacial Cancer 216 � A Multidisciplinary Approach 217 � Goals of Reconstruction 217 � Timing of Reconstruction 217 � Current Approach 217 � Primary Closure 218 � Skin Grafts 218 � Flaps 218
22. Clinical Cases of Cancers in Oral Cavity 237 � Case Number 1 237 � Case Number 2 238 � Case Number 3 240 � Case Number 4 242 � Clinical Case 5 243 � Case Number 6 246 � Case Number 7 249 � Some More Clinical Cases 252
Section 4: Cysts and Tumors of Odontogenic Origin23. Odontogenic Cysts 257
26. Clinical Cases of Odontogenic Cysts and Tumors 310 � Case Number 1 310 � Case Number 2 312 � Case Number 3 313 � Case Number 4 315 � Case Number 5 316
Section 5: Maxillofacial and Cervical Swellings27. Maxillofacial and Cervical Swellings: Differential Diagnosis 323
� Embryology of Neck 323 � Clinical Examination of Neck Swellings 325 � Superficial Swellings 326 � Investigations for Head and Neck Masses 326 � Unknown Neck Mass 328 � Branchial Cyst 328 � Case Presentation 330
28. Salivary Gland Disorders 335 � Parotid Gland 335 � Clinical Case of Parotid Swellings 337 � Clinical Case Presentation 339 � Head and Neck Examination 340 � Sublingual Glands 341 � Minor Salivary Glands 341 � Saliva 341
Prelims.indd 18 04-05-2013 17:58:26
xixContents
� Clinical Examination and Classification of Salivary Gland Diseases 342 � Classification of Salivary Gland Disorders by Who 349 � Clinical Case Presentation 362 � Some More Cases 364 � Cases 1 365
29. Fibro-osseous Lesions of Jaws 370 � Classification 370 � Fibrous Dysplasia 370 � Osseous Dysplasias (OD) 374 � Ossifying Fibroma 376 � Juvenile Ossifying Fibroma 378 � Case Number 1 380 � Case Number 2 383
30. Vascular Anomalies 385 � Hemangiomas of the Maxillofacial Region 385 � Hemangioma 386 � Role of b-Blockers in Management of Hemangiomas 389 � Vascular Malformations 391 � Venous Malformations 394 � Arterial and Arteriovenous Malformations 396 � Case Number 1 397 � Case Number 2 402 � Some more cases 404
32. Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation, Subluxation, and Hypermobility 422 � Etiology 422 � Diagnosis 423 � Treatment 424 � Surgery for Subluxation and Dislocation 426
33. Internal Derangements of Temporomandibular Joint and Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome 429
� Derangements of the Condyle-Disk Complex 429 � Structural Incompatibility of the Articular Surfaces 435 � Inflammatory Disorders of the TMJ 437 � Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome 438
Prelims.indd 19 04-05-2013 17:58:26
xx Clinics in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
34. Clinical Cases of Temporomandibular Joint Pathology 441 � Case Number 1 441 � Case Number 2 443 � Case Number 3 444 � Osteochondroma of the Coronoid Process 448
Section 7: Maxillofacial Infections35. Fascial Spaces and Odontogenic Infections 451
� Infections of the Orofacial Region 452 � Types of Infection 454 � Fascial Space Infections 457 � Case of a Submandibular Space Infection 469 � Case Reports 471
36. Osteomyelitis and Osteonecrosis 474 � Classification 474 � Etiology 476 � Clinical Features 478 � Investigations Prior to Management 482 � Goals of Management 482 � Osteonecrosis and Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy 486 � Definition 486 � Etiology 486 � Incidence 486 � Pathogenesis 486 � Histologic Features 487 � Clinical Classification of ORN 487 � Classification of ORN 487 � Differential Diagnosis 488 � Case Presentation 1 488 � Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy 491 � Case Presentation 2 493 � Case Presentation 3 495 � Case 4 497
Section 8: Examination of Jaw Deformities37. Diagnosis and Evaluation of Jaw Deformity 501
� Dentofacial Deformity 501 � Esthetic Surgical Procedures 507 � Case Number 1 508 � Case Number 2 512
Prelims.indd 20 04-05-2013 17:58:26
xxiContents
38. Principles and Protocols of Bimaxillary Surgery 515 � Case Series 515 � Cephalometric Tracing and Osteotomy Lines 517 � Planning 520
39. Maxillary Orthognathic Procedures 522 � Anterior Maxillary Osteotomy 522 � LeFort I Osteotomy 526 � Case Series 528
40. Mandibular Orthognathic Procedures 535 � Classification of Osteotomies of the Mandible 535 � Technique 537 � Cases 541
Section 9: Miscellaneous41. Imaging in Maxillofacial Pathology 553
42. Management of Soft Tissue Facial Wound 566 � Healing 566 � Case Series 573
43. Surgical Anatomy of Incisions in Maxillofacial Surgery 576 � General Guidelines for Incision Placement 576 � Incisions for Mandibular Area 577 � Incisions Around the Temporomandibular Joint 582 � Incisions for the Zygoma 584 � Incisions Around the Orbit 586 � Incisions Around the Nasal Complex 587 � Summary and Conclusion 589
46. Power-driven Instruments Useful in Maxillofacial Surgery 610 � Electrosurgery 610 � Basics of Lasers and its Effects on Tissues 615 � Laser Types 618 � Laser–Tissue Interaction 620 � Laser Hazards and Laser Safety 621 � Harmonic Scalpel 622
47. Instruments and Postexposure Prophylaxis 623 � Instruments to Transfer Sterile Instruments 624 � Instruments for Preparing Surgical Field 624 � Instruments to Hold Towels and Drapes in Position 625 � Instruments to Incise Tissue 625 � Instruments for Elevating Mucoperiosteum 627 � Instruments for Controlling Hemorrhage 628 � Procedure Specific Instruments of Oral and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 641 � Diagnostic Instruments 641 � For Opening the Mouth/Keeping the Mouth open 642 � Soft Tissue Retractors 642 � Instruments for Exodontia 644 � Instruments for Trauma and Orthognathic Surgery 651 � Instruments for Cleft Surgery 658 � Use of Drains in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 660 � Types of Drains 662 � Postexposure Prophylaxis (PEP) Following Needle Stick Injury 667